CCTV News:The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently said that the adjustment of basic pensions for retirees has been promoted in an orderly manner this year. At present, all retirees from enterprises in various regions have been paid in place. Up to now, 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country have determined the plan for raising the basic pension, and the adjustment range varies from region to region. From the perspective of quota adjustment, Shanghai’s monthly pension is raised to 60 yuan, ranking first in the country.

　　All localities determine the pension adjustment plan, and Shanghai ranks first in 60 yuan every month.

　　In March of this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Notice on Adjusting the Basic Pension for Retired Persons in 2018, clarifying that from January 1, 2018, retirees from enterprises, institutions and institutions who have gone through retirement procedures according to regulations and received basic pensions on a monthly basis by the end of 2017 will raise the basic pension level, and the overall adjustment level will be about 5% of the monthly basic pension for retirees in 2017. At the same time, this year is also the 14th pension adjustment in China, and it is estimated that 114 million retirees will benefit.

　　This year’s pension adjustment will continue to adhere to the principle of "merging", and enterprises, institutions and institutions will uniformly implement the adjustment method of "combining quota adjustment, linked adjustment and appropriate tilt".

　　First of all, look at the quota adjustment, which clarifies the unified adjustment standard for all kinds of retirees in this area. The monthly pension in Shanghai has increased by 60 yuan, ranking first in the country. The minimum monthly pension increase in Liaoning is 20 yuan, which is the least compared with other provinces. However, for retired employees over the age of 80 who work in Liaoning, according to the principle of proper inclination, they can receive more pensions from 100 yuan every month, which is far more than that from other provinces.

　　Hook adjustment is simply "pay more, pay more". For example, it is clear in Shanghai that the 2 yuan will be increased every year according to the payment period of my occupational insurance (including the deemed payment period), and if it is less than 30 yuan, it will be calculated in 30 yuan; Then increase by 2.1% based on my basic pension in December 2017.

　　Appropriate tilting is a special care for the elderly retirees and retirees in hard and remote areas. As stipulated in Ningxia, on the basis of quota and linkage adjustment, the basic pension 5 yuan will be increased every month for each person in the hard and remote areas, and the basic pension 10 yuan will be increased every month for each person in the hard and remote areas.

　　For another example, Zhejiang will give appropriate policy inclinations to senior retirees, that is, before the end of 2017, retirees who are over 70 years old for men and over 65 years old for women and under 80 years old will each issue additional 30 yuan monthly; Retirees who have reached the age of 80 and above will receive additional 60 yuan every month.

　　Retirement in 2018 cannot enjoy this pension adjustment.

　　Retirees can see how much more money they can get each month by comparing the pension adjustment plan in the area where they work. Take Shanghai as an example. Aunt Wang, who is 72 years old, has a monthly pension of 3,800 yuan in 2017, and has worked for 33 years before retirement. This time, her pension standards can be increased as follows: fixed increase of 60 yuan+increase of 64 yuan according to the payment period+increase of 79.8 yuan according to 2.1% linked to my pension+inclined increase of 20 yuan for senior citizens =223.8 yuan.

　　It should be emphasized that the pensions of retirees in various places are not all raised. The range of people who can participate in this pension adjustment is retirees who have gone through retirement procedures according to regulations before December 31, 2017 and received basic pensions on a monthly basis. In other words, if you retire in 2018, you can’t enjoy this pension adjustment.

　　More than 400 billion pensions began to be invested.

　　On October 31, Lu Aihong, spokesperson of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the investment and operation of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees should be steadily promoted and the entrusted investment of the basic old-age insurance fund for urban and rural residents should be accelerated. By the end of September, the governments of 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Beijing and Shanxi had signed entrusted investment contracts with the Social Security Fund Council, with a total contract value of 715 billion yuan, of which 416.65 billion yuan had been received and investment began.

　　In 2015, the Measures for the Administration of Investment in Basic Endowment Insurance Funds was issued, which approved the endowment insurance funds to invest in the stock market for the first time. The measures stipulate that the proportion of investment in stocks, stock funds, hybrid funds and stock-based pension products shall not exceed 30% of the net asset value of pension funds.

　　Pension investment in A shares is increasing.

　　Like social security funds, pension funds are regarded as stable long-term investments, and the trend of positions is concerned by the market. With the completion of the disclosure of the third quarterly report of listed companies, the path of stock exchange is gradually clear. Judging from the data of the three quarterly reports just disclosed, the intensity of pension investment in A shares is increasing. According to the data of the third quarterly report this year, the number of pension holding accounts has increased to 15, holding 33 stocks, both in terms of the number of holding accounts and the number of holding shares, setting a record since the pension officially invested in the A-share market.

　　For long-term funds entering the market, the CSRC has previously issued a statement saying that it encourages value investment, gives play to the role of institutional investors such as insurance, social security, various securities investment funds and asset management products, and guides more incremental medium and long-term funds to enter the market.

　　The institution also pointed out that the combination of pension and capital market brings long-term stable incremental funds to the capital market, and the capital market also brings long-term preservation and appreciation of pension.

　　According to Lu Aihong, spokesperson of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in the second half of the year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will work with relevant departments to formulate specific implementation measures for the central adjustment of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees, and start the disbursement of funds as soon as possible.

　　At the same time, we will promote the investment and operation of basic old-age insurance funds by classification, accelerate the investment and operation of urban and rural residents’ old-age insurance funds and occupational annuity funds, further improve the level of social insurance management services, continue to fully implement the national enrollment plan, and focus on new employment and poor people, and implement accurate expansion.

　　As a latecomer in the automotive industry, the initial stage is not smooth. At present, several models on the market are not mainstream models, and there are not many achievements in engines. At present, the latest catalogue information reveals that Lifan has independently developed a new displacement engine-1.5L displacement.

Type name	LF7152 car
label	Lifan
Car type	M1
Vehicle identification method and location	The vehicle identification code is marked on the product nameplate. The signboard is located on the dashboard near the left pillar of the windshield.
Name of vehicle manufacturer	Chongqing lifan Passenger Car Co., Ltd.
Address of the manufacturer	No.1539 Jinkai Avenue, Economic Development Park, North New District, Chongqing

　　LF7152 is the latest catalog number, but Lifan has never registered any 1.5L displacement model catalog before, which means that LF7152 is the first Lifan 1.5L model, but the most surprising thing is not the 1.5L engine, but the catalog number of 7152. A careful look at the catalogue sorting law of Lifan’s existing models can reveal its true intention. The catalog numbers of the series are LF7130/7160()LF7131/7161 (), the catalog number of the series is LF7162, and the catalog number of the series is LF7132. According to the numbers, it is lifan 620 and lifan 320 that are most likely to be equipped with 1.5L engines.

"lifan 620 on sale"

　　Is lifan 620 or lifan 320 the first to carry the newly developed 1.5L engine? It is difficult to judge by the data obtained at present, and the only one that can be compared is the box emission control device. At present, the crankcase model of lifan 620 is MXF-PCV-471, while that of lifan 320 is G01. Because the crankcase model of the model No.7152 is exactly the same as that of lifan 620, it is preliminarily judged that the first matching model is lifan 620. In fact, from the perspective of the model itself, it is more likely that it should be lifan 620. Lifan 320’s is only 2340mm, which is a typical mini car. It is more than enough to use a 65kW 1.3L engine to propel a 900kg car body, and it is not very meaningful to use 1.5L again.

　　About the technical origin of 1.5L engine, we can get a general idea from the engine model. The LF479Q engine was developed by Lifan according to the 8A series, and then it was improved according to its own actual situation, and the LF479Q3 1.3L engine was developed, which was widely used in Lifan’s 520 and 320 models. However, this LF479Q2 is the first appearance. Judging from the Arabic numeral 2 with the suffix, it should be developed at the same time as 1.3L, but the development progress is relatively backward.

　　At present, the information about this 1.5L engine is almost zero. We only know that its data is close to the parameter performance of the LF481Q 1.6L engine, but it will have a big advantage in cost. We will wait and see what its future performance will be. (Text/Xiaosheng)

　 　 1905 movie network news The 4th Beijing International Film Festival opened in Beijing on April 16th. As the opening film of the festival, French films first met the audience in China. The film was written and directed by christophe gans, the French director who directed the thriller and suspense movie Ghost Angel. The dark colors and severe scenes show a strong dark style. The role of "Belle Bella" is played by the leading French actress Léa Seydoux, whose cool temperament and extremely gorgeous modeling are impressive.

New interpretation adds fatalism, exquisite picture, dark style

　 　 The first published version of Beauty and the Beast appeared in the works of the French writer Madame Villeneuve in 1740. In this original version, the prince was orphaned by an evil fairy when he was young. When the prince came of age, the fairy lured him into failure and turned him into a beast. Later versions cut down the reason why the prince turned into a beast. The popular version of children’s fairy tales was basically expressed as "being turned into a beast because he didn’t know how to love". The 1946 black-and-white movie and the animated version produced by Disney in 1991 both used the children’s fairy tale version.
　 　
　 　 Christopher, the director and screenwriter, made a new interpretation of the reason why the prince turned into a beast. The prince turned into a beast no longer because he was harmed by others, but because he was to blame himself. The meeting between Bella and the beast was no longer just caused by Bella’s father’s accidental intrusion, which added a strong sense of destiny. This fateful plot indirectly explained the reason why the heroine Bella fell in love with the beast.

　 　 However, not everyone accepts this interpretation. Because the film strengthens the influence of fate on their love, some people think that Bella’s love with the beast is somewhat inexplicable, while others think that this arrangement downplays the theme of "love redemption" in fairy tales.

　 　 The film continues the director’s dark fantasy style, and the story is told in parallel and finally naturally meets. The most impressive thing about the whole film is the gorgeous modeling of the characters and the film picture with oil painting texture. The overall tone is gloomy and gloomy, especially in the performance of large-scale scenes, which creates a strange atmosphere. In the performance of rural scenery, many frames are like European oil paintings that can be hung on the wall. Different from the background of the picture, the costumes of the protagonists are gorgeous and compelling, and the sharp contrast also strengthens the sense of drama conflict.

Léa Seydoux turned into a "painting man", and the French prince was elegant and charming.

　 　 Léa Seydoux, whose Life of Adele is famous all over the world, was once described by the magazine as "a person who escaped from the paintings of the Renaissance". As a model, she has a cold face, a loose and desolate expression, and a distinctive facial contour shows a tough temperament. Leia once said in an interview that this film will be very "modern". From the perspective of clothing, it really looks like Leia’s personal fashion show.

　 　 In the film, the dress of the heroine Bella is divided into three stages: as the youngest daughter in the family, Bella’s dress is the least complicated but the most exquisite among the daughters; After the family came down, Bella took it easy and put on the clothes of a peasant woman; After staying at the Beast Castle, Bella put on many sets of gorgeous clothes provided by the Beast. At first, the pure white showed Bella’s confusion, and then a set of blue dresses revealed Bella’s growing inner strength. Finally, the red Chinese clothes made Bella the most dazzling, and the picture of her going into danger alone was even more moving.

　 　 The plasticity of Leiya’s personal temperament is also surprising. In "Adele’s Life", the handsome blue hair style still stays in the audience’s impression, and she can freely switch between sweetness and royal sister in the film.

　 　 Interestingly, the prince played by Vincent Cassel in the film surprised some viewers. His rough appearance is different from the traditional handsome prince in China, and some viewers think that he is a real French prince who is elegant and mature. In fact, this famous French actor, who has appeared in other classic films, mostly appears as a beast in the film. However, when he appears as a prince, he still exudes French aristocratic temperament.

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Xiao Cha Gan Ming originated from Aofei Temple.

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Android chaos, everyone knows.

But do you know how messy it is?

Now, we ordinary users can also quantitatively analyze and detect.

The truth may be more serious than imagined.

Look at the data.

App background fancy start, read data every 6 seconds, do you believe it?

Things start with Android Top Stream Xiaomi, and "Coarse Grains Factory" has just launched a new mobile phone system MIUI 12.

"Smooth, elegant, comparable to iOS, how many years ahead of other Android OS …"

The above praise can be found in Lei Jun’s Weibo.

However, I never expected that it was this flare that caused a heated discussion and even caused users to fry the pot.

The so-called flare is to monitor the startup, access and data reading of the App in the mobile phone in the background.

Previously, mobile phone users, especially Android, knew that the background apps were dishonest, but the situation was simply shocking when a flare was fired.

Only you can’t think of it, no Android App can’t do it.

For example, there are such self-starting and started:

△ Image from Weibo netizens

There are also apps with apps, and the background starts and wakes up other applications more than a dozen times a minute:

△ Image from Weibo netizens

In addition, there are unusually large numbers of reading data:

△ Image from fast technology

13,600 times a day? ? ?

Even if the statistical "one day" is 24 hours, it means more than 566 times an hour … almost 9.45 times a minute.

Or to put it more bluntly, it is read almost once every 6 seconds.

Is this the new popular way of punching cards?

Android systemic dysentery, can Xiaomi cure it?

Of course, for many Android phone users, all this may be familiar.

I haven’t seen or heard it before: this is the hidden rule of domestic Android ecology.

When the App is installed, it often asks for a lot of permissions: camera, microphone, address book, local file reading and writing.

I feel that every permission may betray your privacy. What’s even worse is that many apps can’t be used without these permissions.

Even if you escape the request for sensitive permissions, your mobile phone is still not worrying, and various eavesdropping events in the background of App emerge one after another.

Such a chronic illness will not happen overnight, because of the software itself, and there are also problems left over from the history of Android system.

As far as file reading is concerned, iOS adopts the sandbox mechanism, and any App can only manage its own one-acre three-point land, and has no reading permission for the external storage space.

Android uses folder management, and App can create and read any files except system files in the system.

Your social software shares pictures by reading system files directly, instead of calling system photo albums like iOS. The advantage of doing this is naturally that the software is more free, but the problem that comes with it is the theft of privacy.

It’s not that Google hasn’t thought about vigorously rectifying it, but it’s already hard to return.

Last year, Google added sandbox mechanism to Android 10 beta, but many apps, such as pictures and music apps, still work by reading system folders. If Google forces the sandbox mechanism, these softwares will not work.

Finally, Google gave in and allowed the software not to use the sandbox mechanism. In addition, Android did not have a perfect push management mechanism at the beginning of its birth.

The push of iOS is managed by Apple’s system and server. Even if the App is not running in the background, as long as the push permission is turned on, the push can be carried out normally.

Although Google later added a similar mechanism to Android, there is no Google service installed on domestic mobile phones, and each software can only go its own way, relying on the App to push itself, and the premise of the App’s own push is not "killed" by the system.

So there was a scene that was exposed this time. Many apps will start from time to time, or a number of apps will join forces to wake up and start each other.

In this way, the mobile phone will consume a lot of memory, and the privacy of users will not be protected.

Domestic mobile phone manufacturers, such as Xiaomi, Huawei and OPPO, have also pushed SDK like Apple, but the results are not much.

Xiaomi also said that relying on their own strength is still limited. Only when the whole industry pays more attention can we really solve the problem of user privacy protection.

So this time, it was the first time that Xiaomi started the trend and took the lead in firing this shot.

In a word, it also gives a kind of thinking of governance and solution.

Just as mentioned above, the flare function puts everything on the visible list and suddenly becomes a incendiary bomb.

The user exploded, and this time the user really exploded.

In this roll call of flare bombs, there are many kinds of big factory apps, such as Tencent video and the glory of the king in the screenshot above.

There are also Weibo, Gaode Map, Tik Tok and Alipay exposed by netizens, and even Xiaomi’s own application "Xiaomi Fight Landlord".

Few people were spared.

Seeing this situation, some netizens lamented that this is "the true face of Lushan Mountain, all of which are opened in the back." Some people even nicknamed these applications "old hooligans".

Some people feel pessimistic, saying, "Don’t expect any change. It’s never a technical problem."

There are also praises for Xiaomi: "It is to bring these hooliganism to the light!"

Of course, many people shouted-Xiaomi hold on.

But …

Is this all the facts or the status quo? The truth is that Android App is unscrupulous?

The named company has been wronged.

Response from all sides

Query on the call of specific application and data reading.

It is embarrassing to explore the social App that is accused of "reading and writing data 13,000 times in the background".

The reason is that the results of their own review are not as exaggerated as the exposed screenshots.

The exploration official responded that after learning the news, it applied for the internal test qualification through Xiaomi and verified it.

But as a result, no matter whether it is started or in the background, the exploration App is normal, reading and storing in one day, with only single digits, and there is no "13,000 times".

The exploration official also said that the media that originally sent the data has been deleted.

They also provided a video to prove their innocence.

Other named apps and companies have not been publicly explained.

As for Xiaomi-some netizens worry that it will be too fierce because of one shot, and the subsequent pressure and resistance are too great to persist.

In this regard, Xiaomi’s attitude is:

Privacy protection is the general trend, and it is also the top priority of Xiaomi. We insist on it and dare not slack off.

Xiaomi said that the privacy protection of MIUI12 can cause heated discussion, which obviously fundamentally solves the pain point needs of users, so it will trigger the resonance of rice noodles, which is a happy result.

In addition, we also asked Xiaomi: What should I do if I offend a large number of apps after this wave of updates?

The answer given by Xiaomi is that before the launch of these functions, it has been weighed under the balance of multiple interests, but the most important thing is to solve the problem of user privacy protection.

"We have a deep understanding of the seriousness of privacy protection issues, so we will further strengthen the user’s privacy protection capabilities on MIUI12. Privacy protection can be said to be the general trend of the whole industry, but Xiaomi is one of the first companies in China to stand out. I believe that more companies will join the privacy protection army of users in the future. "

Xiaomi believes that privacy is the aspiration of users and the right way. In the final analysis, as long as it is good for Xiaomi users, they will insist on doing it, and the initial intention of making friends with users will not change.

Do you like it?

End—

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Original title: "Android App is too messy! Exposed to sweep your backstage 13,000 times a day: Xiaomi system update, accidentally pulled out the amazing truth "

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　　After the 1-year and 5-year LPR declines last month, the LPR remained unchanged in February, which was in line with market expectations. However, many banks in Guangzhou have lowered the mortgage loan interest rate. According to an all-media reporter survey of Guangzhou Daily, on February 21st, the interest rates of the first and second home loans of Workers, Peasants and Zhongjian in Guangzhou were all lowered by 20BP compared with those before the holiday, and many banks also indicated that they would follow suit. Not only that, at present, the amount of mortgage loans in Guangzhou is sufficient, and there is basically no need to wait in line.

　　Text/Table Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Lin Xiaoli Wang Chuhan

　　On February 21st, ICBC, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of China all said that from now on, the interest rate of their first home loan in Guangzhou will be lowered to LPR+80BP(5.4%), and the interest rate of their second home loan will be lowered to LPR+100BP(5.6%). The first two sets are 20BP lower than before the Spring Festival. Assuming a loan of 2 million yuan for a 30-year mortgage, if the mortgage is reduced by 20 BP, the buyer can pay less for the mortgage in 250 yuan every month, and the accumulated interest can be saved by about 90,000 yuan in 30 years.

　　The Postal Savings Bank said that since February 22, the bank began to implement the newly adjusted mortgage interest rate in Guangzhou. After adjustment, the first home loan interest rate LPR+80BP(5.4%) and the second home loan interest rate LPR+100BP5.6%(5.6%).

　　A number of joint-stock commercial banks have also lowered the mortgage interest rate one after another. Guangzhou Branch of Guangfa Bank has set the lowest enforceable interest rates for the first suite and the second suite as LPR+80BP and LPR+100BP, respectively, which is about 10BP lower than the previous executive interest rate pricing. Huaxia Bank Guangzhou Branch said that it began to cut 20BP； in early February; CITIC Bank Guangzhou Branch said that the pricing was lowered by 20BP following the adjustment of the four major banks. The reporter found that at present, the interest rates of the first and second home loans of HSBC in Guangzhou market are relatively low, which are 4.9%(LPR+30BP) and 5.4%(LPR+80BP).

　　There is no need to queue up to apply for a mortgage with sufficient quota.

　　Not only did the mortgage interest rate drop, but many banks said that the mortgage amount was loose and there was basically no queuing for lending. Guangzhou Agricultural Bank said that the current quota is relatively sufficient, and there is basically no queuing for lending. Guangzhou ICBC also said that the bank’s mortgage quota has been relaxed, and there is no backlog of businesses that meet the loan conditions at present. At the same time, the bank gives priority to supporting the needs of "just needed" and first-time home buyers. Huaxia Bank, Minsheng Bank and other joint-stock commercial banks Guangzhou Branch said that the current quota is sufficient, and loans can be made when the loan conditions are met. Minsheng Bank Guangzhou Branch said that the current lending time is generally 30 days. Guangzhou Branch of Guangfa Bank also said that the current mortgage loan amount of the branch is sufficient, and the loan can be arranged with complete billing information, and the average loan time is less than one month.

　　Demand decreases, banks cut prices and compete for customers.

　　The reporter noted that on the afternoon of February 21, the real estate development sector moved up, with Guangzhou real estate stock Zhujiang shares trading at a straight line.

　　Zheng Dayuan, a senior mortgage expert in Guangzhou, said that since November last year, the mortgage interest rate in Guangzhou has entered a downward channel. The mortgage interest rate that had been rising all the way before has been reversed, and the situation that a loan is hard to find has gradually eased. By this year, there is basically no backlog of mortgage applications from banks, and the speed of lending has obviously accelerated. "The downward adjustment of mortgage interest rate will promote the prosperity of the real estate industry and help the real estate industry develop in a more stable direction. It is expected that there will still be room for continued downside in mortgage loans in the future. " Zheng Dayuan believes.

　　A bank-related person told reporters that for banks, the current mortgage policy and quota have not changed, but the demand side. With the decrease in market turnover, the amount of bank mortgage loans has begun to become sufficient. In this context, banks also compete for customers by lowering mortgage interest rates.

　　A number of banks said that they would adhere to the positioning of "staying in houses without speculation" and give priority to supporting "just-needed" and first-time home buyers. The China People’s Bank recently issued the "Monetary Policy Implementation Report of China in the Fourth Quarter of 2021", saying that the next step will be to firmly adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, not to use real estate as a short-term means to stimulate the economy, to stabilize land prices, house prices and expectations, to implement a prudent management system for real estate finance, to increase financial support for housing leasing, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of housing consumers, to better meet the reasonable housing needs of buyers, and to promote the healthy development and virtuous circle of the real estate market.

　　Central bank trend

　　In February, the LPR quotation remained unchanged, which was in line with market expectations.

　　In addition, it is worth paying attention to the February LPR quotation. On February 21st, the People’s Bank of China authorized the National Interbank Funding Center to announce that the quoted interest rate (LPR) of the loan market on February 21st, 2022 was 3.7% for one-year LPR and 4.6% for five-year LPR, both of which were the same as that in January. This is the same in February after the 1-year and 5-year LPR double drops last month, which is in line with market expectations.

　　Zhou Maohua, a macro researcher in the financial market department of China Everbright Bank, pointed out that the central bank continued to make MLF at parity this month, and the market had expected the LPR interest rate to remain stable this month. Mainly due to the continuous release of the effect of the central bank’s policy of lowering the RRR and cutting interest rates, the financial data showed strong performance in January, and the supply and demand of financing in the real economy were booming, indicating that finance continued to provide strong support for the recovery of the real economy, and the urgency of guiding the further decline of credit interest rates in the short term was not high.

　　According to the public information of the People’s Bank of China, on February 15th, the People’s Bank of China continued to operate the 300 billion yuan medium-term loan facility (MLF), and the interest rate of winning the bid remained unchanged. LPR, which remained unchanged for 19 consecutive months, was continuously lowered in December last year and January this year.

　　After 19 days of release, the box office broke 3.6 billion, ranking among the top five in the mainland box office list, and Ne Zha quickly became the box office champion of domestic animated films. In addition to the "China Myth Universe", "Nezha" also shows the strength of a large number of domestic film and television production teams in a low-key way. The reporter found that the names of nearly 70 production teams appeared in the credits of the film, and the luxury of the lineup has not lost to foreign special effects blockbusters.

　　Recently, the reporter interviewed Nanjing Yuanguang Digital Technology Co., Ltd., which participated in the production of Nezha, and Nanjing Force Animation, which produced a 300-minute virtual picture of the TV series Full-time Master, to understand how technicians created a virtual three-dimensional world through CG (computer animation), motion capture and other "technical flow" work.

　　"Nezha" was born in this way.

　　Most special effects

　　There are more than 1,800 shots in Nezha, including 1,400 special effects shots, which is the highest among Chinese cartoons.

　　From Noisy Sea to Nezha: From 2D to 3D, from hand-drawing to computer modeling.

　　Compared with the animated film "Where is the Sea", which was also widely praised 40 years ago, the most intuitive impression of the "amateur" audience is that the original two-dimensional picture has become the current three-dimensional picture. Not only Nezha, but also the animated films in recent years, we will find that with the rapid development of CG (computer animation) technology, there are more and more three-dimensional animations.

　　"The difference between two-dimensional animation and three-dimensional animation is mainly reflected in the middle and late stages." Lu Xi, director of Yuanguang Digital CG Department, told reporters that whether it is two-dimensional animation or three-dimensional animation, script roles, scenes, props setting, shot script production and other work should be carried out in the early stage. From the beginning of modeling and mapping, the characteristics of three-dimensional animation began to appear.

　　It is understood that the picture of two-dimensional animation is flat, generally hand-drawn. The production method is to input the pre-drawn animation into the computer frame by frame, and the computer helps to complete the coloring, and then output it into pieces. Three-dimensional animation is generally a virtual space established by three-dimensional software, and then modeled in this space according to the shape and size of the object to be represented. According to the requirements of the story, the material of the model is made, the motion animation is set, the virtual camera is added, and the lights are put on it, and finally the picture is generated.

　　The technology of "growing" wrinkles and "growing" hair makes the details more simple and real.

　　In order to avoid spoilers, Lu Xi took other works of the company as examples, and used pictures to show reporters the process of "birth" of an elderly male character.

　　Modeling is the first step to create three-dimensional figures. Thanks to the progress of digital carving and other technical means, technicians can now process the model more carefully and add wrinkles and other details. The next mapping adds details such as skin color, skin texture and hair to the plaster model with single color and texture, and the age spots on the old man’s face are clearly visible. In the early days, the modeling of three-dimensional animated hair needed to map fake hair, but now, technicians can use software to make people "grow" hairs, each of which conforms to the dynamic characteristics and is very authentic.

　　To make the model move, it is necessary to bind the bones, spine, humerus, ulna and phalanx … … Driving the model with the weight distribution of bones in different parts makes the model have similar actions with real people. There are generally two ways to shape expressions: to make key frames of expressions manually, or to do it through motion capture devices.

　　After that, it is necessary to put the characters into the environment and complete the rendering and special effects synthesis. This part sounds more like a physics lesson: fine-tuning the material, such as a table, adjusting the reflective effect according to the specific situation, adding more real details such as wear and scratches; Rendering layering, layering the place where each lamp shines, which is convenient for later adjustment; Special effects production, such as people entering the pool, people interacting with water as collision objects; Finally, the light rendering and special effects synthesis, and then fine-tune the light projection and so on.

　　How is the "full-time master" tempered?

　　Enough "luxury"

　　"Full-time Master" has more than 300 minutes of virtual pictures, and its volume is almost three times that of ordinary movies. Therefore, the Force team formed a team of 566 people and completed the production task within half a year.

　　94 cameras were used for modeling.

　　To be "a little like him and a little different from him"

　　Stick marks all over your body and do various actions in the motion capture shed; Put on an expression catcher and mobilize all facial muscles to match the real expressions of emotions and sorrows for the virtual characters … … These shooting methods, which often appear in "burning money" movies in Europe and America, are widely used in the recently popular online drama "Full-time Master". The Force Animation Company, which completed this "luxury" production, is headquartered in Nanjing. Previously, Yang Yang and other actors completed the filming of the virtual part in Nanjing’s Force Motion Capture Base. In addition to software and hardware, the technical team also belongs to the film-level ultra-luxury lineup.

　　The reporter learned that "Full-time Master" is an e-sports TV series with a large number of virtual shots in the game. In order to enhance the recognition of virtual characters, the producer adopted the method of redesigning the faces of real actors. Shi Ningning, executive producer of visual effects of Force Animation, introduced that Force Animation used 94 cameras to scan Yang Yang and other leading actors from multiple perspectives, built a real head model, and then adjusted the details to make the digital characters "a little like Yang Yang but a little different". In addition, the actor has to make 74 special facial expressions, such as emotions, emotions, eyes wide open, eyes wide open, mouth wide open and so on, so that the expressions can be more truly presented in the three-dimensional world.

　　After that, it should be "matched" with the real characters and real scenes of physical props in the studio in real time, and through certain technical processing, actors can drive digital characters with their limbs. "For example, when Yang Yang raised his left hand, his corresponding game character Jun Moxiao also raised his left hand; When he picked up the weapon props, Jun Moxiao also picked up the weapon ‘ Thousand machine umbrellas ’ 。”

　　"The next step is action editing and special effects editing. The concept of virtual shooting special effects editing is completely different from that of conventional editing." Shi Ningning said that this is the coolest part. In the built digital world, all actions can be replayed and repeated constantly. Virtual cameras can get close-ups, distant views and close-ups of faces from all angles. After a few seconds of performance, they can change "positions" to get hundreds of shots, which are output and edited to form all the necessary elements in a scene.

　　Technology is a double-edged sword.

　　Did Simba the lion "face paralysis"?

　　The audience may not necessarily buy the technology of "god reduction"

　　This year, the "live CG version" movies Alita and The Lion King are both called the ultimate application of CG technology. There are no real people in the two films, so it is called "real version" because a lot of motion capture and real expression capture are used in the films.

　　There are 47 hair styles including eyebrows and eyelashes. There are nearly 500,000 "peach fluff" on the face and ears, and more than 2,500 fixed-frame images of facial expressions … … Figures and actress rosa salazar’s action and expression capture create an Alita with real joys and sorrows, which makes fans of the original comic book very happy.

　　However, it is also "God restored". After the release of The Lion King, it was criticized by many old fans as "facial paralysis" and "dull expression without aura". Some even directly said that the director used CG technology excessively to shoot an Animal World, and the little lion Simba completely lost the soul of the original animation.

　　"Exaggerated expression is the feature and charm of animation. If you rely on technology to pursue complete ‘ Restore ’ , but let the role lose its expressiveness, then ‘ Animation ’ It makes no sense. " Lu Xi bluntly said that technology is a tool to promote the continuous innovation and progress of animation, rather than a stumbling block to imagination, and technology should be well used in animation production. (Yangzi Evening News/Yangyan reporter Liu Liyuan)

Six departments jointly issued a new deal-
The development prospect of cross-border e-commerce can be expected

The first China International Import Expo sent a clear signal to stimulate the import potential and accelerate the development of new formats and new models such as cross-border electronic commerce. The the State Council executive meeting held not long ago decided to continue and improve cross-border electronic commerce’s retail import policy and expand its scope of application.

The Ministry of Commerce, the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Market Supervision recently issued the Notice on Improving the Supervision of Retail Imports in cross-border electronic commerce (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). On December 7th, the State Council held a routine briefing on the State Council policy. Li Chenggang, Assistant Minister of Commerce, Feng Jinping, Director of the Customs Department of the Ministry of Finance, and Wang Wei, Director of the Port Supervision Department of the General Administration of Customs made authoritative interpretations on relevant policies after the transition period of cross-border e-commerce retail import.

More quality and diversified consumer demand will be met.

"This policy adjustment, for consumers, means that more quality and diversified consumer demand will be better met." In response to a reporter’s question, Li Chenggang said that this is also an inevitable requirement of China’s supply-side structural reform, and it is also a requirement to adapt to the high-quality consumption of residents in the high-quality development stage of the new era.

This regulatory policy for cross-border e-commerce retail import will be officially implemented from January 1st next year. On the basis of zero tariff within the quota for the goods in the cross-border e-commerce retail import list, the import value-added tax and consumption tax will be levied at 70% of the statutory taxable amount, and the scope of goods enjoying preferential policies will be further expanded. 63 tax items with large demand will be added, and the single transaction limit of goods enjoying preferential tax policies will be raised from the current 2,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan, and the annual transaction limit will be raised from the current 20,000 yuan per person per year to 2.5%.

China is the world’s first online retail market, with the largest number of online shopping users in the world. In recent years, the development of cross-border e-commerce retail imports has shown rapid growth. According to customs statistics, in 2017, China’s cross-border e-commerce retail imports reached 56.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 75.5%.

"Cross-border e-commerce is a new format and a new model. We generally insist on encouraging the development of this format and at the same time adhering to the principle of tolerance and prudence in its supervision." Li Chenggang pointed out that after this adjustment, on the one hand, the regulatory policy is more perfect, on the other hand, the product range is further expanded, and the application of preferential tax policies is wider.

Since May 2016, China has implemented a transitional arrangement of "temporary supervision of personal belongings" for cross-border e-commerce retail imports, which has effectively promoted the stable development of the industry, but there are also problems such as unclear rights and responsibilities of all parties and unstable policy expectations. The new deal after the transition period has removed the word "temporary", which means that this new deal will be a relatively long-term arrangement, which will promote the sustained and healthy development of cross-border e-commerce retail imports.

"Cross-border e-commerce retail imports are different from general trade, mainly to meet the quality and diversified consumption needs of domestic residents, and must be directly facing consumers and limited to personal use. Based on this premise, we clearly supervise the cross-border e-commerce retail imports according to the personal use of imported goods. This is the basis of specific regulatory requirements and the most concerned issue for industry enterprises. " Li Chenggang said.

"online celebrity" goods entered the list, and 22 new pilot cities were added.

Steam goggles, household dust meters, razor blades, sparkling wine, malt-brewed beer, binoculars, electronic game machines, ski boots, roller skates … The Ministry of Finance took the lead in adjusting and improving the list of cross-border e-commerce retail imports and tax policies, adding a total of 63 tax items, mainly involving some food, textiles and clothing, shoes and boots, jewelry, small household appliances, cultural and sports supplies, fitness equipment and other commodity categories, and some "online celebrity".

"In order to meet the needs of domestic consumption upgrading, we have adjusted the list of commodities and selected some commodities with relatively strong consumer demand in recent years." Feng Jinping told reporters, "In terms of transaction limits, the single transaction limit and the annual transaction limit will be raised this time, and the camera will be increased with the increase of residents’ income in the future."

At the same time, further increase support for cross-border e-commerce and expand the scope of policy application. On the basis of the existing 15 pilot cities, the Notice extends the scope of application of the policy to 22 newly approved cities in the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test area, such as Beijing, to further improve the regional layout, promote the development of the industry, and better meet the consumer demand of residents.

In accordance with the principle of "responsibility", the Notice puts forward specific and clear requirements for the responsibilities of all parties-cross-border e-commerce enterprises bear the main responsibility for commodity quality and safety; Cross-border e-commerce platforms must handle industrial and commercial registration in China and fulfill the responsibility of advance payment; Domestic service providers are entrusted with the responsibility of truthfully reporting; Consumers bear the obligation to pay taxes; Government departments need to monitor the quality and safety risks of cross-border e-commerce retail imports. "Further clarifying the responsibilities of all parties involved in cross-border e-commerce retail transactions will help strengthen post-event supervision and strengthen quality risk prevention and control, which will help better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and promote the healthier development of the industry." Li Chenggang stressed.

The future prospects of cross-border e-commerce can be expected, and effective supervision will continue to improve.

According to Wang Wei, from January to October this year, the total retail import and export volume through the customs cross-border electronic commerce platform reached 111.04 billion yuan, an increase of 86%. Among them, imports were 67.18 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 53.7%; Exports reached 43.86 billion yuan, up by 173.9%.

"In recent years, China’s total import and export trade has been around 4 trillion US dollars. As a new format, cross-border e-commerce accounts for a relatively small proportion in the total foreign trade plate, but it has grown rapidly. From an international perspective, the future prospects of cross-border e-commerce can be expected." Li Chenggang said.

Cross-border e-commerce retail import is not only a new format and a new topic for China, but also for the whole world. Effectively supervising this new format and new model is actually a process of crossing the river by feeling the stones.

"According to the characteristics of electronic, recordable and traceable cross-border e-commerce retail import transaction information, the Notice clearly requires enterprises to establish and improve quality and safety risk prevention and control mechanisms and commodity quality traceability systems, and truthfully transmit electronic information to the regulatory authorities, and cooperate with the regulatory authorities to carry out quality risk monitoring to prevent and control quality and safety risks." Li Chenggang pointed out that for commodities and related enterprises with quality and safety risk accidents, government departments will also publicize information according to regulations to better ensure consumer safety.

Wang Wei told reporters that in 2016, the General Administration of Customs researched and formulated and released the "Announcement No.26", which clarified the customs supervision measures for cross-border e-commerce. This time, in line with the introduction of the New Deal, the Customs revised and improved the "Announcement No.26", which will be released and implemented in the near future. On the other hand, the national customs has upgraded and improved the e-commerce system according to needs to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of cross-border e-commerce.

"Cross-border e-commerce has the characteristics of rapid development, diversified commodities and rapid renewal. The Ministry of Finance will work with relevant departments to adjust the list of imported goods of cross-border e-commerce in a timely manner according to these characteristics and taking into account the development of cross-border e-commerce, consumer demand and regulatory conditions. " Feng Jinping said.(Reporter zhang yi)

Cctv news Mid-Autumn Festival is a day with special meaning for Chinese, which means gathering, reunion and perfection. Seeing that the annual Mid-Autumn Festival is coming again, many people are looking forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival night, being able to get together with their families and eat a piece of moon cake handed by their families, leaving a fragrance in their mouths and feeling warm.

There is a "moon cake grandmother" Shen Yuee in Haining, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, who is 73 years old. The fresh meat moon cakes she makes are so delicious that it is hard to find a cake.

Every year around the Mid-Autumn Festival, she makes some moon cakes, not for sale, but for giving to others. Grandma Shen said that at first, she made meat moon cakes mainly to give them to the elderly in the community. Later, at the suggestion of her grandson, she began to send meat moon cakes to nursing homes and other places. Unconsciously, it has been four years since she persisted.

"Grandma Moon Cake" is short, kind-hearted and full of energy. Now, on average, she cooks thousands of moon cakes every day, including fresh meat, salt and pepper, and bean paste, which have many flavors. In order to make these moon cakes, Grandma Shen usually gets up at five or six o’clock in the morning and starts to prepare, mixing noodles, buying materials and mixing stuffing … until five or six o’clock in the evening. Later, in order to send it to the nursing home in time, Grandma Shen even needed to get up at 3 am. In addition to sending mooncakes to nursing homes and sanitation workers, Grandma Shen plans to send mooncakes to children’s welfare homes this year so that more people can taste her skills.

Grandma Shen’s good deeds have infected many people around her. Neighbor Zhao Hefen said: "Not only do you send cakes, but you also send zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival and eight-treasure rice on the New Year. It is the same for everyone. It is really enthusiastic." Hearing others say that she is good, Shen Yuee is a little embarrassed: "Everyone says it’s delicious, so I’m strong enough."

Grandma Shen made moon cakes, and her family also supported her. Grandma Shen has a son and a daughter, both of whom are very promising. She is also keen on doing good deeds at ordinary times. When she knows that her mother wants to make moon cakes for those in need, they give great support both materially and spiritually.

Asked how long this mooncake will last, Grandma Shen said that as long as she has the conditions and ability, as long as she can do it, this mooncake will continue to be made and delivered, not to mention that there are so many people to help her and support her.

A small moon cake condenses Grandma Shen’s purity, truth, goodness and beauty. She sets an example for her children, neighbors and society, and conveys an unusual warm heart of an ordinary person. Another bright moon shines on Kyushu, and another Mid-Autumn Festival warms people’s hearts. Grandma Shen continues this enthusiasm and warmth. It is simple and precious, and it moistens things silently. Let’s say thank you to Grandma Shen!

First, the third generation synchrotron radiation light source with the highest energy in the world

SPring-8, a large-scale synchrotron radiation facility in Japan, is located in Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo) in Hyogo Prefecture, the center of the Japanese archipelago. It is the third generation synchrotron radiation source with the highest energy in the world. Its English name is Spring-8, which means "8GeV Super Photon Ring", that is, the output power is 8 GeV.

In 1991, under the leadership of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), Jaeri (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute) and Riken (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) of Japan began to jointly build SPring-8. The construction cost of the first phase is about 110 billion yen, and the land is donated by Hyogo Prefecture for free. With the joint support of the county government, the county university, various research institutes and commercial enterprises, the project was completed in 1997, and the facilities were opened, which were managed by JASRI (Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute), including the operation, maintenance, transformation, user service and scientific research and development of light sources. JASRI is the only statutory management organization of SPring-8, which is private and non-profit, and employs more than 1,000 employees, 80% of whom are researchers and technicians. From October 1997 to 2010, SPring-8 has built 55 beam line stations.It has served more than 100,000 people in science, industry and business circles in Japan and the world.

Spring-8 in Japan, advanced photon source APS (Argone) in Argonne National Laboratory of the United States and European synchrotron radiation facility ESRF (Grenoble) in Grenoble, France are the three largest high-energy synchrotron radiation facilities in the world.

　　　

Geographical map of SPring-8 (image from Google)

SPring-8 is used in many scientific and medical fields, such as:

* Material science: studying the atomic and electronic structures of advanced materials, material properties under extreme conditions, etc.

* Biomedicine: analyzing protein structure, studying life mechanism, drug design and improvement, using phase contrast imaging method to perform high-resolution imaging of biological samples, etc.

Chemistry: kinetics under catalysis, atomic and molecular spectra, ultra-trace elements and their chemical properties;　

Environmental science: catalysts for analyzing the environment, and trace elements of environmental pollution in biological samples;　

:: Earth and Cosmic Science: Analysis of the structure and characteristics of deep crustal materials, and the structure of meteorites and cosmic layers;　

* Industry and nuclear physics: using photon energy to study quark nuclear physics, etc.

　　Bird’s eye view of SPring-8

　　SPring-8 storage ring built around the mountain

Links: Some specific data of SPring-8.　

* area: covering an area of 141 hectares, it is 36 times larger than Koshien Ballpark, 30 times larger than Tokyo Dome Stadium and 2.8 times larger than Tokyo Disneyland Theme Park. The large storage ring has a diameter of 457 meters, which is longer than the length of four football fields, and its circumference is about 1436 meters.　

* Operating expenses are affected by the economic crisis, and are reduced almost year by year;

* Usage fee: 60,000 yen/hour. However, if scientists disclose their research results after this experiment, the use of light sources is free.　

* Energy consumption: The Kansai Electric Power Co., Ltd. provides dedicated high-voltage power. In 2009, the annual electricity consumption was 178 million kilowatts, equivalent to the average annual electricity consumption of 49,000 households, costing 190 million yen; Natural gas is provided by the Technopolis Branch of Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. In 2009, it used 1.31 million cubic meters, equivalent to the gas used by 3,300 ordinary households, costing 80 million yen. Water is the responsibility of Three Cities-Towns’ Water and Sewage Office. In 2009, it used 280,000 tons of water, which is the same as the water used by 650 families for one year, costing 100 million yen.　

Second, historical review

October 1988: A cooperative group of Japan Institute of Atomic Force (JAERI) and Institute of Physical Chemistry (RIKEN) was established to design and develop large-scale synchrotron radiation facilities.　

June, 1989: The site was located in Sowing Science Garden City in Hyogo Prefecture.　

December 1990: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) was established.　

November 1991: SPring-8 project started.

May 1993: SPring-8 User Association was established.

October 1994: The "Law on the Promotion and Generalization of Synchrotron Radiation Facilities" was implemented, and JASRI was designated as "the institution to promote the research and use of Synchrotron Radiation".　

March 1997: Synchrotron radiation successfully emerged for the first time.　

October 1997: The project was completed. Light source on.　

March 1998: The first SPring-8 user seminar was held.　

May 1998: The current with a beam of 100mA was successfully stored in the storage ring.　

June 2000: The first contracted beam line station began to operate.　

August 2000: 25-meter-long undulator was installed.　

October 1st, 2005: JAERI, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, was reorganized into JAEA(Japan Atomic Energy Agency), and left SPring-8. The light source is jointly managed by JASRI and RIKEN.　

July, 2006: "Law on the Promotion and Generalization of Synchrotron Radiation Facilities" was amended as "Promoting the Publicity of Major Advanced Scientific Research Facilities".

March 2007: JASRI was elected as the only registered institution to promote the use of facilities.

October 2007: A grand ceremony and discussion were held to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the successful operation of the light source.

June 2009: SPring-8 received the 100,000 th user since its opening.

Third, structural exploration

The accelerator of SPring-8 mainly consists of four parts:　

* injector, Linac, 1GeV；;　

* Booster, 8 GeV;

* large Storage Ring, storage ring, 8GeV, used for high brightness X-ray;　

* Small storage ring, NewSUBARU, 1.5GeV, used for medium short pulse soft X-ray.

　　1. Injector (Linac)　

The linear accelerator section is equipped with 26 3-meter-long accelerating units to accelerate the electron beam energy to 1GeV. The red part in the picture below is a quadrupole magnet used to focus the electron beam.　　

Linear accelerator unit 1　

The electron beam is generated by a thermionic gun impregnated with barium and tungsten. The ion gun is located on the high-voltage board with a voltage of about 180KV. The pulse duration is 1ns or 40ns. The selected beam is focused on a buncher and accelerated to 1GeV energy with 25 accelerating cavities. Electron beam energy dispersion is reduced by energy compressor system (ECS). Then, the linear accelerator as the injector transports the electron beam to the intensifier or the NewSUBARU small storage ring.　

Some parameters of linear accelerator:

2. Booster Synchrotron

Annular, with a circumference of 396 meters. The 1GeV electron beam output from the linear accelerator will be accelerated to 8GeV in the intensifier. The blue image below shows the deflection magnet, which is used to generate synchronous radiation light; The yellow part is a six-stage magnet for stabilizing the electron beam.

Intensifier tunnel intensifier branch point (left) electron beam transport line SSBT (right)　

In FODO, the magnetic focusing structure of the intensifier, bending magnets and quadrupole magnets are alternately arranged, and the repetition frequency of injection, acceleration and output is set to 1Hz, and the harmonic number is 672. If a single beam is injected into the storage ring, an RF elimination system is installed to eliminate other electron beams adjacent to the main beam. The special timing system injects different beams according to the types of light required by each outlet station of the storage ring.　

Some parameters of the enhancer:

3. The large Storage Ring (storage ring)

The electron beam is injected into the storage ring from the transport line SSBT (left).

Huge ring with a circumference of 1436 meters. Its conventional unit consists of 2 deflection magnets, 10 four-stage magnets and 7 six-stage magnets, and its length is about 30 meters. The linear joints are located between conventional units, and are used to install plug-ins, RF accelerating cavities, beam injection systems, beam diagnosis systems, etc., with a total of 44 linear joints.　

Some parameters of large storage ring:

The large storage ring can store 8GeV electron beams for a long time, more than 100 hours. The energy consumed by synchrotron radiation is replenished by accelerating equipment installed in four radio stations around the storage ring. The constant current (top-up) injection mode effectively ensures the constant beam current intensity in the storage ring.　

Link: The 86th academic seminar of the Oriental Science and Technology Forum was held on December 7-8, 2006, with the topic of "beam orbit stability of the third generation synchrotron radiation light source".　

Dr Kouichi Soutome from Japan synchrotron radiation research institute (JASRI) gave a special report on "constant current injection and beam orbit stability of SPring-8". He first emphasized the necessity of providing users with a stable X-ray beam for precision experiments. In order to stabilize the beam position, it is necessary to restrain the beam trajectory change. He pointed out that the top-up injection mode with constant beam intensity in the storage ring can effectively ensure the stability of the synchrotron radiation light intensity. For this reason, SPring-8 has made great efforts to study the sources of various factors that cause orbit change, such as the change of magnet power supply and the vibration of vacuum chamber caused by cooling water.

SPring-8 also improves the beam trajectory correction system and the corresponding measurement system. For top-up implantation, SPing-8 adopts many measures, such as reducing the vibration of stored electron beam caused by implantation, reducing the loss of implanted electron beam, and maintaining long-term high-purity single beam implantation. Finally, he reported the stability of SPring-8 in beam orbit and the performance of top-up injection operation mode. The total current stability in SPring-8 storage ring is controlled within 0.1%, and the current intensity inconsistency of each beam is also controlled within 10%.　

4. NewSUBARU

　　NewSUBARU storage ring　

NewSUBARU, a small storage ring with 1.5GeV, is mainly used to study the application of soft X-ray in industrial field. Built in 1998, Lasti (Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry) of Hyogo University is responsible for its operation.　

The circumference of the small storage ring is about 119 meters, and it consists of two 14-meter and four 2.6-meter straight-line sections. In the long straight section, an 11-meter-long undulator and an optical klystron free electron laser device are installed. The electron beam of 1GeV in the linear accelerator can be directly injected into the storage ring.

　　11-meter-long undulator

Some parameters of small storage ring:

Four, beam line and experimental station

SPring-8 has 22 beam lines led by deflection magnets, and up to 24 can be built. There are 26 beam lines led out by the insert, up to 34 can be built, and the length of the straight line section is 4.5 meters; There is one beam line led by the long insert, and at most four beams can be built, and the length of the long straight line section is 25m. These beam lines are generally designed within 80 meters, but 9 can extend to 300 meters and 3 can extend to 1 kilometer.　

1. Layout and classification　

The front-end assembly of the beam line is designed to withstand radiation power, reduce the thermal load of the first optical element in contact, and protect the vacuum of the storage ring in case of beam line failure.

　　Beam line front end

　　Beam line

* common beam line

* Japan Atomic Energy Development and Research Institute (JAEA) beam line

* RIKEN beam line

* Other unit beam lines

* accelerator beam diagnosis

* Taiwan Province’s exclusive beam line

Taiwan Province National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center has built two hard X-ray beams dedicated to Taiwan Province on SPring-8: for the study of biological structures and materials and inelastic X-ray scattering. Taiwan Province has 75% to 80% of the usage time.

chronicle of events

December 18th, 1998: Signed the cooperation memorandum and contract of SPring-8 Taiwan Province exclusive beam line.　

October, 2000: Research on Biological Structure and Materials: The beam line came out and started trial operation. Derived from the deflection magnet of the storage ring, it can be used for researchers to engage in experiments such as X-ray absorption spectrum, high-resolution X-ray scattering, protein crystallography and micro-area diffraction, conduct forward-looking scientific experiments in life science, physics and chemistry, and open up new research fields of various cutting-edge materials.　

December 15th, 2000: Opening ceremony of beam line was held.　

At the beginning of 2001: Inelastic X-ray scattered beam line, which is led out by the storage ring frequency-concentrating magnet, is used for researchers to conduct cutting-edge research on high-coherence electronic systems (high-temperature superconductivity and giant magnetoresistance prospective materials).　

December 2, 2010: The 10th Anniversary Celebration of Taiwan Province’s Exclusive Beam Line was held. Up to now, 483 projects and 1657 experiments have been carried out, and 233 SCI papers have been published in internationally renowned scientific journals, which has a broad user base and fruitful results.

2. Introduction of some experimental stations

* BL02B2 (powder diffraction)

A large Debye-Scherrer camera with a radius of 286.5mm was installed in the shed. Its imaging plate is the detector, which is used to collect all powder patterns synchronously. The camera can be used in a wide temperature range (15 k—1000 k), and it can realize the rapid collection of high calculation statistics and high angular resolution powder diffraction data.

* BL04B1 (high pressure and high temperature)

SPEED-Mk. II, a high-pressure equipment, is a double-layer 1500-ton tamping multi-anvil press. It uses 14*14*14mm sintered diamond anvil to produce high pressure and high temperature conditions, reaching 50 GPa and 2000oC. It can complete the experiments of energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and high-speed CCD imaging.

* BL08W (high energy inelastic scattering)

Compton scattering magnetic spectrometer is mainly composed of 3 T superconducting magnet and 10 germanium solid state detectors (SSDs). Superconducting magnet can switch the magnetic field from -3 T to 3 T within 5 seconds. Germanium SSDs are symmetrically arranged around the grazing X-ray beam, achieving a scattering angle of nearly 180 degrees. The sample temperature is controlled by a cryocooler, which is between 10 K and room temperature.

* BL13XU (surface and interface structure)

Ultra-high vacuum chamber (used for the surface of crystal materials such as metals and semiconductors) is installed on a huge X-ray diffractometer (3m in diameter and 2.3m in height). The cavity is equipped with standard surface analysis tools, such as LEED and RHEED.

* BL19B2 (Engineering Science Research I)

The mid-band hard X-ray beam station led by the bending magnet is open to industrial users. The main technologies are X-ray absorption, diffraction, scattering and imaging. It has three experimental shacks:

Shack 1: XAFS. The distance from the light source is 51m, and the length * width * height are 4m*3m*3.3m respectively. X-ray absorption and fine structure measurement were carried out in transmission and fluorescence modes, and high-energy X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out.

Shed II: X-ray diffraction. It is 77m away from the light source and 5m*4m*3.3m in length * width * height. The multi-axis diffractometer was installed to measure the residual stress and analyze the film structure, and the Debye-Scherrer camera was used for powder diffraction research.

Shed III: The distance from the light source is 111m, and the size is 8m * 4m * 3.3m.. X-ray imaging technology is used to observe industrial materials.

* BL27XU (soft X-ray photochemistry)

The C2a experimental station of the beam line is equipped with a hemispherical high-resolution electron energy analyzer (Gamma Data-Scientita, SES-2002) for studying free atoms and molecules. The sample gas is injected by MB Scientific AB. The decrease of resolution caused by Doppler effect of the gas sample will reduce the kinetic energy of the molecular beam source.

* BL35XU (high resolution inelastic scattering)

IXS spectrometer is a special scientific instrument, which needs very precise "arm" movement, and the "arm" is long and heavy, 10 meters, 6 tons (below), and it has to rotate at a large angle: 55 degrees. Its length is to ensure good energy resolution (?1 meV), and its weight is in the vacuum flight orbit to prevent the scattering and absorption of X-rays. In addition, vacuum insulation is used to control the temperature (MK) of optical instruments very accurately.

* BL37XU (trace element analysis)

This beam line is specially designed for all kinds of "X-ray fluorescence analysis".

Shed 1: equipped with high spatial resolution X-ray microprobe, multifunctional X-ray diffractometer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer and high-energy X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.

Shed 2: equipped with grazing incidence spectrum reflectometer and low vacuum scanning electron microscope SEM.

* BL15XU（WEBRAM）

Intelligent dual-angle photoelectron analyzer (DAPHNIA) is used to measure photoelectrons and Auger electrons, and the "takeoff angle" can be set separately. Provide large photoelectron kinetic energy up to 4800 eV. The instrument has shown good performance in using high energy excitation beam. For example, electron excitation in a deeper core layer or the application of high kinetic energy photoelectrons.

* BL24XU (Hyogo Prefecture)

The following picture shows the instrument used for X-ray microanalysis in the beam line shed C. The instrument uses a phase zone plate to form a strong X-ray microbeam, which can be used in many fields, such as two-dimensional drawing of trace elements in samples, micro-diffraction of polymers and stress analysis in laser diodes.

* BL23SU (actinide science I)

The following picture shows a high-resolution photoelectron spectrometer and a soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) for measurement. The energy resolution of photoelectron spectrometer is less than 2 meV. The maximum magnetic field measured by MCD’s superconducting magnet is 10 t. These two instruments are used to study the electronic structure of actinide materials, such as uranium compounds.

* BL45XU (structural biology I)

There are two experimental stations for structural biology research. Protein Crystallography Experimental Station uses MAD method in the field of X-ray crystallization, that is, multi-wavelength abnormal diffraction to utilize synchrotron radiation. The trichromator for protein crystal installed on the goniometer can generate three different wavelengths of X-rays.

　　angular instrument

V. Major scientific research achievements

1. Uncover the secret of the mysterious structure and movement mode of water molecules.

Water is a familiar substance, and the structure of water molecule H2O is well known. But perhaps people haven’t thought deeply: where does ice store huge cooling energy? Why is the density of water the highest at 4oC? But above or below 4oC, the water density decreases? Why is the density of solid ice less than liquid water?

Japanese scientists analyzed the structure of water and ice in SPring-8, and some new discoveries solved the long-debated problem about the nature of water. They successfully conducted Compton scattering experiment by using high-energy inelastic scattering beam line BL08W, directly observed the structure and function of ice at high resolution, and verified the accuracy of molecular dynamics simulation. This basic research result can help to develop thermal storage materials and analyze the thermal storage of new materials in the future. The paper was published in the top American science journals.

In fact, as early as 2008, scientists from RIKEN Institute of Physics and Chemistry in Japan proposed two water states with different hydrogen bonding modes by using BL17SU beam line and soft X-ray spectrum of SPring-8, as well as small angle scattering and Raman scattering.

2. Develop general-purpose plastic materials as strong as iron.

Plastic products such as plastic bags and plastic buckets have become widely used and indispensable items in our daily life because they are light, waterproof and cheap. But at the same time, it also has some disadvantages: low tensile strength, easy deformation and not high temperature resistance. They are synthesized from polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and their structures at the molecular level are composed of long chains of carbon atoms. This "string" structure of polymer makes plastic products as soft as biomaterials. However, scientists have found that the tensile strength of materials will increase with the increase of polymer chain length; When carbon chains have tensile strength similar to covalent bonds of carbon atoms in diamonds, general plastics will harden, but they will not have diamond-like strength.

Distinguished professor Hikosaka of The Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences (Hiroshima University) focuses on the study of polymer long chains and their structural and characteristic changes. He examined the blending phase structure of polyethylene long chain and its influence on properties by X-ray diffraction and other methods. The growth mechanism, sliding and diffusion effect mechanism of ideal polymer crystals are formulated. In 1987, the "sliding diffusion theory of polymer crystallization" was put forward.

The research team led by Professor Iwasaka and his doctoral student Kiyoka Okada, who used BL40B2 beam line in 2003-2007, observed the process of nuclear nucleation. ) From 2007 to 2010, using the X-ray scattering device of SPring-8, a new polypropylene-based plastic with strong tensile force and super heat resistance was successfully developed for the first time: NOCs(nano-oriented crystals).

The reason why ordinary plastics have poor tensile strength is because of low crystallinity. High-quality plastics are those with crystallinity of about 50%. In other words, the higher the crystallinity, the stronger the intermolecular interaction, and the stronger the tensile strength and heat resistance. When polymer molecules are regularly arranged, crystals form. Therefore, in order to improve the crystallinity, it is necessary to arrange the polymer molecules regularly as much as possible.

Professor Masamichi Hikosaka, Dr. Kiyoka Okada, holds a new type of polypropylene.

The research team led by Professor Iwasaka found a method to make polymers regularly arranged when plastics are in molten state, and proved that the crystallinity of the method is 92%. Because the structure of NOCsS looks like a real armor, it is composed of small pieces of iron plates, so the model is called "real armor" model. The tensile strength of the new polypropylene is about seven times higher than that of the ordinary plastic material, the heat-resistant temperature reaches 170°C or higher than 176°C, the light transmittance is 99%, and it is recyclable and cheap, because only one process is needed in the traditional polypropylene production process.

This wonderful new plastic material is most likely to be used in the transformation of steel body in traditional automobile industry. Although the thickness of the body will be doubled, its weight is only a quarter of that of steel.

3. Analyze the change of dynamic structure of calcium pump.

A variety of ions participate in the biological activity of organisms. Calcium 2+ ion promotes muscle movement and is one of the most important ions in organisms. It is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum of myofibrils. When calcium ions are released into muscle cells, muscles contract. At the same time, calcium ions need to return to the endoplasmic reticulum to relax the muscles. A membrane protein called calcium pump is responsible for pumping back calcium 2+ ions.

Pumping back calcium ions involves two processes: obtaining and releasing, and the structure of calcium pump changes accordingly. Chikashi Toyoshima (Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences of the University of Tokyo) first discovered this structural change and analyzed the calcium pump structure in nine states.

His research results were published in the British journal Nature in 2000, 2002 and 2004. In view of this series of outstanding achievements, Professor Toyoda was awarded the Asahi Prize in 2009.

　　A certain state in the reaction cycle of calcium pump

Left: Schematic diagram of structural changes of calcium pump. The figure shows a link of structural change in the calcium pump reaction cycle: ATP is bound and Ca2+ ions are trapped in membrane proteins. The structural changes in the middle are presented in gray.

Right: cover of Nature magazine in 2000.

4. Discovery of new magnetic materials on meteorites

Every year, thousands of tons of meteorites fall to the earth. Although their surfaces are burnt black, their internal metal and mineral components remain unchanged, so they are called "fossils" in space. It provides powerful evidence for human beings to understand the mysteries of the solar system.

Masato Kotsugi, JASRI) of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute used the Photoelectron Emission Microscope (PEEM) on BL25SU beam line of SPring-8 to analyze the structure of iron meteorites. Iron meteorite is composed of α phase rich in iron and γ phase rich in nickel. Dr. Xiao Shan confirmed that there is a nano-scale mineral layer at the interface between iron and nickel, which is called Tetrataenite. However, it does not exist on the earth and will become an excellent new magnetic material. Dr. Xiao Shan further analyzed the characteristics of Tetrataenite, which is composed of 50% iron and 50% nickel, and the iron and nickel atoms are alternately arranged, which is a regular periodic crystal structure. It produces a kind of hard magnetism, that is, the magnetization direction will not change easily. Famous hard magnetic materials include permanent magnets and materials used in engines of hybrid vehicles.

Another important discovery of Dr. Xiao Shan: Tetrataenite will be a potential substitute in hard disk manufacturing. Platinum is an indispensable material for the next generation hard disk, but it is a rare metal, and its price is rising. At present, the demand for platinum has exceeded its production capacity. About 2 tons of platinum is used in global hard disk production every year. If Tetrataenite synthesized by iron and nickel can be used as hard disk material, the consumption of platinum will be greatly reduced, thus promoting resource conservation and low-cost production of hard disks.

Chiharu Mitsumata (Toho Kyu University) of Tohoku University in Japan is carrying out basic research on the synthesis of Tetrataenite.

As a result, Dr. Koyama and Professor Sanyan won the second place in Dubose-Crouse Award (international metallic graphic contest) in 2010.

　　Dr. Masato Kotsugi Professor Chiharu Mitsumata

　5. Successfully developed all-solid-state safety battery by nanotechnology.

Professor Hiroshi Kitagawa (Kyoto University) of Kyoto University and Dr Rie Makiura (Kyushu University) of Kyushu University have studied nano-scale silver iodide (AgI) particles. They proved for the first time in the world that it is possible to realize stable solid electrolyte at room temperature. This research achievement is highly valued because of its great development potential. The paper was published in the British scientific journal Nature Materials in May 2009.

6. the three-dimensional structures of Rab27B and Slac2-a are analyzed.

In 2004, Dr. Mitsunori Fukuda (Tohoku University) of the Graduate School of Life Sciences of Northeastern University clarified the transmission mechanism of melanin in melanocytes at the molecular level. In 2008, in cooperation with Shigeyuki Yokoyama of RIKEN Institute of Physical Chemistry, he successfully analyzed the three-dimensional structures of Rab27B and Slac2-a in BL41XU Experimental Station of Structural Biology on SPring-8. Their structural data will greatly promote the research and development of new skin whitening products and drugs to prevent white hair.

7. The new chewing gum Pos-Ca can effectively prevent tooth decay.

Dr. Tomoko Tanaka (the Health Science Laboratory of Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.) found that calcium phosphate oligosaccharide supported the remineralization of teeth, which promoted the appearance of new chewing gum with calcium phosphate oligosaccharide (Pos-Ca).

Left: Tomoko Tanaka in SPring-8 Lab Right: New Chewing Gum.

8. Research and development of new drugs against influenza virus

Influenza virus consists of eight RNA genes, and there are two types of spike proteins on the surface of virus particles: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Because of its simple structure, the virus cannot replicate itself. However, they can be skillfully replicated by using the replication system of human cells after invading human host cells.

HA, like a key, can invade the human body after combining with glycoprotein on the cell surface. NA plays an important role in the separation and release of progeny virus from cells, and is an enzyme that helps the virus infect other bacteria. The amino acids that make up the above two proteins are prone to mutation. So far, scientists have discovered 16 kinds of HA and 9 kinds of NA proteins. These protein are arbitrarily combined into various types of influenza viruses (H1N1–H16N9). For example, influenza A H1N1, which was prevalent in 2009, and H5N1 virus, avian influenza, which became prevalent in 1997.

Influenza virus encodes 10 kinds of proteins, among which RNA polymerase is very important in virus gene replication. It includes three subunits: PA, PB1 and PB2. When one of them is lacking, RNA polymerase loses its enzyme function and the virus cannot replicate. Therefore, if we can determine the three-dimensional structure of these three subunits, we can block the function of RNA polymerase.

In July 2008, Dr. Sam-Sam (Graduate School of Nanobioscience, yokohama city university) successfully analyzed the combined structure of PA and PB1, and analyzed the enzyme structure related to virus replication, which will accelerate the research and development of new antiviral drugs. It is not far away to realize the wish that people don’t have to worry about the flu in winter.

　　Left: schematic diagram of RNA polymerase subunit; bottom right: RNA polymerase subunit structure.

　　Top right: the complex of PA(239-716) and PB(1-81) was successfully crystallized, BL41XU, SPring-8.

9. Reveal the secret of solar system formation by analyzing comet dust.

The American Stardust Project, 1999-2007) collected scattered dust samples of comet Wilder II (81P/Wild) and brought them back to Earth. It is expected that by analyzing these samples, information about the origin of comets and the entire solar system 4.6 billion years ago can be obtained.

Dr. Tomoki Nakamura (Kyushu University) of Kyushu University has conducted in-depth research on comet dust. He used the X-ray diffraction experimental device of BL37XU on SPring-8 and the synchrotron radiation facility of KEK to analyze and determine the crystal types and abundance ratio of dust. After that, Professor Akira Tsuchiyama (Osaka University) used the CT scan of BL47XU to visualize the internal structure of comet dust.

Dr. Nakamura found that "meteorite chondrules" originated from comet dust outside the solar system, so they can no longer be explained by the traditional model of solar system formation. "Meteorite chondrules" are the main components of ancient meteorites, rich in magnesium, silicon and a small amount of iron. The doctor believes that the migration of "globules" occurred in the primitive solar system composed of dust disks; However, he said that the analysis accuracy of at least 20 samples will be improved to obtain statistically significant conclusions. He will also continue to carry out comet meteorite dating and determine the migration time. It is expected that a new solar system formation model will be established soon.

10. Nanotechnology promotes the innovation of "new materials"

The shape characteristics of fullerenes discovered in 1985-containing 60 carbon atoms, like a football-have aroused widespread concern in the scientific community. In 1991, columnar carbon nanotubes were discovered. In January, 2008, Associate Professor Kitura & Hisa Nori Shinohara (Nagoya University) of Nagoya University successfully synthesized a nano-scale metal wire.

Carbon allotropes: diamonds and graphite, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.

Pure gold is prone to oxidation reaction, but a very thin nanowire can exist stably in the air because nano-scale materials have a unique stable structure. In order to observe the internal structure of nanotubes, Associate Professor Bei Puliang conducted solid soft X-ray spectroscopy experiments at BL25SU experimental station in Spring–8. He observed that the absorption of Er by X-rays was unique, thus confirming that ErCl3 line was formed in carbon nanotubes.

Carbon nanotubes in fullerenes look like pods.

ErCL3 structural model (Er atoms in red and CL atoms in green)

Professor Tian Zhuo (University of Tokyo/RIKEN) of Tokyo University and Institute of Physical Chemistry is regarded as the most imaginative and productive polymer chemist in the world. In recent years, he took SPring-8 as an important research tool, and first successfully determined the structure of a new type of conductive graphite nanotubes. Then, he showed with solid evidence that the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of graphite molecules were closely connected in hydrophobic groups, forming tubular spiral molecular pairs. In addition, he also successfully designed a liquid crystal phase with short intermolecular programs. Both research results were published in the Journal American Chemical Society in 2008. In 2009, the design of "bicontinuous cubic liquid crystal materials in discoid molecules" was published on the cover of the magazine of American Chemical Society, and he also won the Polymer Chemistry Award of American Chemical Society.

Professor Takuzo AIDA, a New Graphite Nanotube

11. Develop earthquake observation technology.

With the joint efforts of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Agency of Marine-Earth Science and Technology and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (JASRI), it is found that the deepest part of the earth’s core is made of iron with hexagonal close-packed structure. The state of metallic iron under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature conditions is similar to the state of the earth’s core simulated by ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature. Scientists used SPring-8 high-brightness X-ray to observe the changes of single crystal structure of metallic iron, and found for the first time that the hexagonal close-packed structure was stable under extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure. The analysis of the crystal structure is helpful to the analysis of earthquake observation and greatly strengthens people’s understanding of the formation and development of the core. This achievement was published in the American journal Science on October 15th, 2010.

12. Analyze the gel mechanism of self-assembly from the molecular level.

Recently, a joint research group of The University of Kitakyushu and JARSI announced that the molecular structure of the solvent in the gel state was analyzed on the BL03XU Advanced Soft Materials and BL40B2 Structural Biology II Experimental Station by using SPring-8 high-brightness synchrotron radiation. The research results benefit from organogelator (low molecular weight compound). As long as 1% solvent is added to it, the whole solvent will gel, which will greatly help to prevent environmental pollution caused by offshore oil spill. The paper was published online in the October 2010 issue of Polymer Journal.

Sixth, look forward to the future

The resolution of traditional optical microscope is limited by the wavelength of light, while the wavelength of X-ray is 10,000 times shorter than that of visible light, and the resolution reaches the atomic level, which means that the three-dimensional structure of a single atom in matter can be observed. X-ray is widely used in medical treatment, life science and material science. However, the light generated by X-ray light sources (including synchrotron radiation) is not uniform and the wave fields are inconsistent. Laser can produce uniform light by using a pair of mirrors. This urges scientists to make every effort to explore a new technology to realize a mirrorless laser, that is, XFEL: X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). XFEL is an X-ray that combines the characteristics of free-electron laser. It is called the most promising new light source in the future with the most scientific exploration and discovery value. It is also called "dream light source" and "new dawn of the scientific era". It has the dual characteristics of laser and radiation light, and can work in the whole X-ray band. It is much better than the third generation synchrotron radiation light source in brightness, coherence and time structure, and is internationally recognized as one of the feasible technical routes of the "fourth generation light source".

The United States, Europe and Japan have successively developed XFEL, and raised it to the height of national strategy to deploy and implement it. LCLS(Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA), the first X-ray free electron laser device in the world, came out in 2009. The European Free Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) is jointly participated by DESY of Germany and 11 other European countries. The core project is a 3.4-kilometer underground tunnel, which was officially started on July 1, 2010. It is expected to be completed in 2014 and the first scientific experiment will be conducted in 2015.

SPring-8 has already started the prefabrication and research of XFEL, and the accelerator prototype has successfully produced the first laser beam. In 2006, the XFEL project started. At present, the 700-meter-long 8GeV X-ray free electron laser device is under final construction and is expected to be put into operation in fiscal year 2011. exist

　　Yellow area: accelerator and beam line research and development building, in which the accelerator test prototype is installed.

　　Red area: the location of SPring-8 XFEL device, a joint project of RIKEN and JASRI.

　　Bird’s eye view of SPring-8 XFEL

1. Milestone memorabilia

April 2000: Draft XFEL concept design: compact and low cost.

October 2002: The development of short-time high-magnetic vacuum undulator was completed.

December 2003: The electron gun was successfully developed, with the highest emissivity in the world.

November 2004: XFEL’s R&D team was formed.

January 2005: MEXT, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, reported on the future research and development policy of optical and photonic technology, and XFEL will be established as an important national scientific research project.

April 2005: Development of 250MeV test accelerator was started. The Liberal Democratic Party working group of MEXT, Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, identified the new generation of synchrotron radiation light source as "an important key technology at the national level".

May 2005: XFEL User Committee was established.

November 2005: The first electron beam successfully passed through the test accelerator, and it was confirmed that synchrotron radiation was generated.

December 2005: The Japanese government allocated 2.3 billion yen from the 2006 national budget for the construction and research of XFEL devices.

February 2006: RIKEN and RSAC of SPring-8 Advisory Committee pointed out that the combination of free electron laser XFEL and large synchrotron radiation facility SPing-8 is unique in the world, so Japan should take the lead in the construction of XFEL.

April 2006: RIKEN and JASRI, a Japanese synchrotron radiation facility research institute, set up the XFEL project cooperation office.

June 2006: The laser oscillation of 49nm UV X-ray was successfully completed in the test accelerator, and the light was successfully emitted.

July, 2007: XFEL device was officially started.

March 2009: The accelerator building and the building where the undulator is located were completed.

April 2009: Installation of electron gun, accelerating tube and undulator began.

May 2010: The construction of the experimental building was completed.

2.XFEL facilities

SPring-8′ s X-rays can produce light 10 billion times brighter than the sun, while XFEL produces light 1 billion times brighter than SPring-8, and the pulse is 1000 times shorter than the existing X-ray source. The higher brightness light source enables scientists to observe the three-dimensional structure of atoms and their ultra-fast motion more realistically.

Design parameters:

Electron beam energy: 8 GeV

Electron beam diameter: 40 um

X-ray wavelength: > 0.06 nm

X-ray peak power: 5 GW

X-ray pulse length: < 100fsec

X-ray peak brightness: 1033 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1% b.w. 。

The original quality of electron beam determines the quality of free electron laser. Scientists have specially designed an ultra-high voltage thermal electron gun, which uses a single-crystal cerium-hexabromoboride cathode (CEB 6) to emit a fine, highly collimated and stable electron beam. Then, it is transported into the electron beam compression system, and the peak current will be strengthened to several thousand amperes.

The electron beam energy is rapidly increased to 8GeV by a C-band linear accelerator, and then transported into a vacuum undulator to generate intense XFEL radiation.

　　Electron gun and CeB6 emitter

　　Left: linear accelerator and C-band acceleration structure right: vacuum undulator

C-band linear accelerator was developed by SPring-8 and KEK. C-band acceleration gradient (35MeV/m) greatly shortens the length of the accelerator. The total length was originally an accelerator structure with a precision of 1282mia and micron, and it was finally installed in a tunnel with a length of 400m.

　　C-band linear accelerator

　　Vacuum internal undulator

3. Create new technologies

Coherent X-ray imaging technology: Microscopic images of various materials at atomic level can be obtained.

Imaging process: X-ray laser → sample → coherent scattering mode → phase recovery → clear structure image.

XFEL’s ultrashort pulse can detect the ultrafast motion of matter in femtosecond.

Protein Structure Analysis: The analysis of new materials will surely lead to the birth of new functional products in biology and medicine.

Living cell biology: Real-time data acquisition will open a new way for the study of living cells.

Nanotechnology: Ultra-short wave XFEL will help to create new functional materials.

With XFEL, scientists can observe extreme phenomena in astronomy, plasma science and basic physics.

The Institute for Molecular Science, Niigata University, Nagoya University and JASRI/RIKEN of the National Research Institute of Japan jointly studied the intense ultraviolet free electron laser irradiated to argon atoms, and successfully analyzed the specific process of multi-electron emission.

In order to accurately measure the fluctuation in free electron laser, scientists analyzed all the electronic energy of argon atom irradiated by laser pulse at the speed of 20 pulses per second. They found that the absorption of electrons and multiphotons only occurs when the light intensity is very high, and clarified the importance of resonance state in multiphoton absorption. The research results show that the research of nano-science, nano-technology and material preparation can be promoted by using X-free electron laser on the basis of selecting appropriate laser wavelength and corresponding resonance conditions. The paper was published in american physical society’s scientific journal Physical Review Express on September 24th, 2010.

Chinese academy of sciences institute of high-energy physics scientific research Chu Chinese academy of sciences scientific apparatus office

The information comes from http://www.spring8.or.jp/en/.

Vanke’s largest shareholder has changed.

On the evening of June 9th, China Evergrande (0333.HK) announced that it had transferred 1553210974 shares of Vanke A(000002.SZ) to Shenzhen Metro Group for 29.2 billion yuan, with a shareholding ratio of 14.07%.

Subsequently, Vanke Enterprise Co., Ltd. (000002.SZ) also announced that Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd. will hold 3242810791 shares of Vanke A shares, accounting for 29.38% of the company’s total share capital, becoming the largest shareholder of Vanke.

According to the information disclosed by both parties, the consideration for the sale of Vanke A shares by Evergrande this time is 18.80 yuan/share. According to the previously disclosed data, the cost of holding Vanke A by Evergrande is 23.35 yuan/share. Evergrande’s loss from the sale of Vanke A shares was 7.07 billion yuan. Evergrande plans to use the proceeds from the sale mainly to repay the debts of the Group.

At this year’s performance conference of Evergrande, a reporter asked if he would be unwilling to accept Vanke’s investment loss. Xu Jiayin’s answer is, "How can you say that you are unwilling to do something? Everything you do is a pleasant thing."

For Shenzhen Metro, this is the second time this year that it has received the equity of Vanke.

On January 13th this year, Shenzhen Railway has bought 15.31% shares of Vanke A from China Resources. Together with the shares of Vanke bought from Evergrande this time, it has become the largest shareholder of Vanke with a shareholding ratio of 29.38%, while Baoneng has retired to the second largest shareholder of Vanke with a shareholding ratio of 25.4%, and Anbang is the third largest shareholder with a shareholding ratio of 6.73%.

At this point, Evergrande has completely withdrawn from the battle of "Bao Wan".

Since Evergrande first disclosed the purchase of Vanke A on August 4, 2016, Evergrande spent 36.273 billion yuan on the acquisition of Vanke A..

Before the sale of Vanke’s shares, Evergrande irrevocably entrusted the voting rights, proposal rights and the right to attend the shareholders’ meeting of Vanke to Shenzhen Railway on March 16, and Shenzhen Railway decided to exercise it at its own discretion. At that time, the agreed period was one year.

It is worth mentioning that after Evergrande made this decision, it also indicates that Evergrande will give up the nomination right of Vanke’s director candidates.

At that time, Shenzhen Railway once said that as an important shareholder and strategic investor of Vanke, Shenzhen Metro Group is optimistic about the future development prospects of Vanke and does not rule out continuing to increase its shareholding in Vanke in the future.

As the largest shareholder of Vanke, there is only about one month left before the lifting of the ban on Vanke shares held by Baoneng Department. According to the provisions of the Securities Law and the Measures for the Administration of the Acquisition of Listed Companies, in the acquisition of listed companies, the purchaser’s shareholding shall not be transferred within 12 months after the completion of the acquisition. According to the regulations of the CSRC, investors who acquire shares of listed companies and become the largest shareholder, but the shareholding ratio is less than 30%, should also abide by this regulation.

According to the fact that Baoneng was the largest shareholder of Vanke before, every time it increased its holdings, the shares held by its name and its concerted parties needed to be correspondingly extended and locked for 12 months. Up to now, the last time Baoneng purchased Vanke A was on July 6, 2016. Based on this calculation, Baoneng’s shares in Vanke A can be sold after July 6.

At the close, China Evergrande reported HK$ 16.64 per share, down by 0.12%. Vanke’s announcement on the same day showed that the company will resume trading on June 12.

According to the previous arrangement, Vanke will hold the 2016 annual general meeting of shareholders on June 30, 2017. However, the issue of "general election of the board of directors", which is generally concerned by the market, is still not mentioned in the agenda of this shareholders’ meeting. As of the end of June, Vanke’s board of directors will serve for three months.

In this regard, Vanke told The Paper that there is still no timetable for the re-election of the board of directors. According to Vanke’s statement when answering investors’ questions in Shenzhen Stock Exchange on May 16th, the change plan is being actively brewed, and once it is mature, it will start the change immediately.