Perhaps it was because of his death at the age of 107 that many people were able to remember the name Bei Shizhang for the first time, and they began to deplore the fact that another master had quietly left us.

　　Early this morning, people wearing white flowers lined up in a long queue, waiting to see him for the last time to express their wishes: "Bei Lao, you go well!"

　　As the last academician of the Academia Sinica during the Republic of China and the oldest academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in our country’s mainland, Bei Shizhang was called the "Old Man of the Century", but the rich connotation of his life could not be simply summarized by these four words.

　　He was a pioneer of experimental biology in China, founding the Chinese discipline of biophysics, pioneering Chinese radiobiology and cosmology, and pioneering the "theory of cell reconstruction."

　　Even before his death, he was still discussing academic issues with others. Therefore, he had five doctorate certificates awarded by the University of Tübingen in Germany, and became a "diamond-level" doctor of the school. There was a "Bei Shizhang Xing" named after him in space, a "Bei Shizhang Award" in the Chinese biophysics community, and a "Bei Shizhang Class" at the University of Science and Technology of China…

　　

　　"He is a strategic scientist."

　　"Mr. Bei emphasizes the intersection of multiple disciplines in the development of the discipline; in the specific research work, he emphasizes advanced or in-depth and detailed advanced consciousness; in the design of the project, he emphasizes good ideas." Zheng Zhuying, a student of Bei Shizhang and the former director of the Visual Information Processing Research Office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, summed up Bei Shizhang’s academic thinking. In today’s eyes, this is a spirit of courage to innovate.

　　The development of life sciences needs to be combined with physics, chemistry, engineering technology, etc., and promote each other in cross-integration. Lin Kechun, a professor at the Department of Biophysics of Peking University Medical School, said: "Today, this view has been accepted by the majority of scientists, but in the 1950s, it was a very hotly debated issue internationally. The opponents were both physicists and biologists, and only a few visionary scientists realized that not only can but must combine the two. And Bei Lao is such a visionary scientist."

　　林克椿说，其实他自己原来就是研究物理的。“1956年，我们访问贝老时，他竭力鼓励我们向生物物理方向发展。在他的鼓舞下，我逐渐走入了生物物理学这片新天地。”1981年林克椿发现螺旋状脂质体，并被英国《自然》杂志以封面文章登出，引起国际的高度重视。

　　实际上，早在上世纪40年代，贝时璋就意识到学科交叉融合的必要性。新中国成立后，他不断吸收数理化等不同学科的研究人员在其领导下工作。中科院生物物理所的汪云九回忆说，他在大学时原本是数学专业的，毕业后被分配到中科院生物物理所。他坦言，接到通知后如坠五里雾中，完全不知“生物物理学”为何物。“翻遍图书馆资料，查到一个词条：‘研究生命过程中的物理性质……用物理学研究生物……’仍不知所云。后来才知道是贝老有意把学习非生命科学的学子调来研究生命科学。”

　　1958年，在贝时璋的主持下，中科院生物物理研究所成立，成为当时世界上少数几个该学科的专业研究机构之一，这也标志着生物物理学作为一门独立的学科在中国正式设立。同年，贝时璋在中国科大创立生物物理系并任系主任。50余年间，贝时璋的学生中，已经有6人当选中科院院士。当年的超前意识，化为今天的硕果累累。用贝时璋的儿子贝德的话来说：“他是一位战略型科学家。”

　　跨越70年的研究

　　说起贝时璋，一定不能绕过他创立的“细胞重建”学说。尽管至今学界对这一理论还有争论，但它的研究过程，却折射出一代大师勇于向传统挑战、坚韧不拔的科研精神。

　　1982年，在《中国科学》杂志的第9—12期，先后登载了关于“细胞重建”研究的5篇论文。论文的作者，竟是当时已经80岁高龄的贝时璋。从最开始的发现算起到此时，已悄然过去半个世纪。

　　Back in 1932, Bei Shizhang, then the head of the Department of Biology at Zhejiang University, discovered a new phenomenon through observation and research on a crustacean named "Nanjing Fengnian", and thus proposed the idea of "cell reconstruction": In addition to cell division, there is another way for cell reproduction and proliferation – cell reconstruction; cell reconstruction is the process of cell self-organization and self-assembly, which is an objective phenomenon that exists in the life world and coexists with cell division.

　　No one had ever said that cells could be rebuilt without division, because "the only way for cells to divide into cells" had been held up as the gold standard in biology since 1871. When Bei Shizhang published his paper on the discovery, he was neither criticized nor responded to – the conventional wisdom seemed to have become easy.

　　Bei Shizhang was eager to further his research, but soon the Anti-Japanese War broke out, and Zhejiang University moved inward. The current situation was turbulent, and scientific research work was difficult to continue. According to his self-report in an article, after the Anti-Japanese War, "I returned to Hangzhou, and I had to teach classes and settle down. I was still busy. After liberation, I was even busier… Although I worked in a research unit, I still couldn’t find time to engage in research on the topic for the time being, and I had to temporarily give up the research on cell reconstruction that I was interested in and always worried about. Later, it was the’Cultural Revolution ‘, and I couldn’t settle down to engage in research."

　　"In the blink of an eye, more than 20 years have passed. But I have never forgotten the question I wanted to finally clarify. Although it was not possible to do it at the time, I firmly believe that one day I will do it."

　　He finally waited for that day. In 1970, under the impetus of various conditions, Bei Shizhang picked up the research on "cell reconstruction" in the Institute of Biophysics. He organized and personally participated in a large number of scientific experiments, which further proved the widespread existence of cell reconstruction in nature and revealed the existence of chromatin, DNA histone and other living substances in the warm yellow granules, which are one of the bases of cell reconstruction.

　　His discovery provided an important explanation for the origin of cells and the evolution of life, which attracted the attention of colleagues at home and abroad. In 1988 and 2003, the first and second collections of "Cell Reconstruction" were published one after another, and the theory of "cell reconstruction" was further developed.

　　Yu Xianzhang, a student of Bei Shizhang, said that Bei Lao had explained to him the significance of the theory of "cell reconstruction" to explain the origin of life. "He said that if living things must come from living things, how did the earliest life phenomena emerge? According to the theory of’cell reconstruction ‘, the important feature of life phenomena is the process of self-organization and self-assembly. In the right environment, self-organization and self-assembly processes, that is, the generation of life, are possible."

　　"He never retired."

　　"He has never retired, and he has never left his scientific research work in his life." When the reporter mentioned the word retirement during the interview, Wang Guyan, Bei Shizhang’s secretary, corrected.

　　After working in the Institute of Biophysics, Bei Shizhang walked to work every day, from his home to the laboratory, more than 2,000 steps. As soon as he walked, he reached the age of 92. After that, he switched to working from home.

　　"Indifferent, tranquil and far-reaching". Wu Zhengyi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, once wrote these eight words to Bei Shizhang on his 100th birthday, and in the eyes of everyone, these eight words were used to describe Bei Shizhang, which was just right.

　　When Bei Shizhang returned from Germany at the age of 26, he was invited to Zhejiang University to establish a biology department. He started from scratch and gradually established a prestigious biology department under difficult living and working conditions. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, the situation was very difficult, and Zhejiang University was forced to relocate four times.

　　Regarding this experience, Academician Yang Fuyu, a student of Bei Shizhang, recalled: "At that time, his family also had many difficulties. There were old and young, but Bei Lao was public first and then private. As a result, he moved four times, and the department lost little, while his personal things were lost a lot. During the 8 years of the Anti-Japanese War, under extremely difficult wartime conditions, the teaching and research of the Department of Biology not only did not stop, but also achieved many excellent results, which were on par with the mathematics, physics and chemistry departments that did the same excellent work at that time, so that the famous British scientist Joseph Needham called Zhejiang University the’Cambridge of the East ‘."

　　At the beginning of the founding of New China in 1949, there was nothing to be done, especially in the field of science and technology. At the invitation of Zhu Kezhen, Bei Shizhang went to Shanghai to build the Institute of Experimental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and served as the director. Soon, he was transferred to Beijing and was responsible for a series of administrative tasks. He was very busy and basically had no time to conduct normal research in the laboratory.

　　“当时贝老刚在实验生物研究所安下心来，展开研究工作不久。面对国家要求，他顾全大局，勉力从公，无私奉献，为中科院生物学科的调整和发展及当时国家科技发展规划的制定都作出了重要贡献。”杨福愉说。

　　贝德则告诉记者：“爸爸曾反复说过：‘从我个人角度看，我还是喜欢做研究工作，而不大喜欢做学术组织工作。’而事实上，他也是这么做的。改革开放以后，上级又希望他出来担任领导工作，但被他坚决婉谢了，他终于回到了实验室，去做他一心想做的科研。”

　　贝时璋的家里简单破旧的令人难以想象，因为自从1955年他搬进这所房子之后，就再没有装修过。而在他女儿贝诚的印象中，“爸爸只专心工作，每天都下班很晚，妈妈为了支持他的事业，当年从上海迁来北京后就放弃了自己的教师工作，而我们是兄弟姐妹4个，家里开销很大，所以日子一直过的很紧张” 。

　　贝时璋活到百岁高龄，却一直没有得过什么大病，最后也是在睡梦中安详离世。很多人都好奇他的长寿之道，对此，中科院生物物理所党委书记杨星科说，贝老心态一直平和，不争任何利益。这或许是他长寿的秘诀之一。然而，更重要的可能是他从未停止思考，使他的生命活力远远超出了常人。在后来几年，尽管贝时璋不再去实验室，但一直保持了对科学前沿的关注。每周三都会请一些研究人员到家里来一起探讨学术问题。更令人惊叹的是，在为庆祝他97岁寿辰举行的学术研讨会上，他作了关于“纳米科学”的谈话。整个30分钟的讲话，没有讲稿，内容全凭自己对大量资料的分析综合得出。

　　贝时璋曾说：“一个真正的科学家，首先要热爱科学，不是为名为利，而是求知求真，为国家做贡献。”而他确以百年人生路，实实在在实践了自己的人生目标，告诉世人，真正的大师，应当是什么样子。

　　Cctv news(Reporter Fan Zhuqing from Zhao Jin): Is "environmental oil" really environmentally friendly? "Environmental protection oil" is the common name of alcohol-based liquid fuel, which is a liquid fuel with methanol and ethanol as the main components. Compared with traditional fuel, alcohol-based fuel has the advantages of low cost and large firepower, which makes this kind of oil favored by the catering industry. However, many people are not clear about its potential risks. Today, Blue Friends will take you to understand the dangers of alcohol-based fuels. For the safety of you and your family, please refuse to use "environmental oil" illegally!

　　CCTV News:Recently, the first round of coordinated and strengthened supervision by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment was launched in 25 provinces across the country in 2019. In the first round of supervision this year, the treatment of urban black and odorous water bodies is the top priority. However, during the unannounced visit, the reporter found that in some places, when the expert group inspected, pollution control was normal, and when the expert group left, there was a situation in which sewage was directly discharged and environmental protection facilities were ineffective; In other places, there are strange scenes of pollution control and sewage discharge.

　　According to the requirements of the central government, 2019 is the "year of burden reduction at the grassroots level". The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has also greatly adjusted the way of environmental supervision, inspection and assessment, reducing the original 27 supervision, inspection and assessment to two, and coordinating key tasks in the tough battle of pollution prevention and control to reduce local interference.

　　The process of environmental supervision is simplified, how can the effect be strengthened? How to establish a long-term mechanism for environmental protection?

　　Why are there "two faces" in environmental protection rectification?

　　Liu Ge: There are two kinds of mentality behind the "two faces"

　　　Liu Ge, financial commentator of CCTV: At the moment when environmental protection has become a consensus, this phenomenon should be more based on the luck of hiding the sky and crossing the sea, and the helplessness of being unable to do so.

　　Why do you say that? Nowadays, many places can see very beautiful sewage treatment plants, which are very modern and have a good treatment level. However, it is very likely that the urban sewage discharge pipe network still owes a lot of money. When it is inspected, it will not be discharged. When it is not inspected, those who are unable to collect the sewage from the sewage treatment plant will still be the same. Behind the cover-up, there is also a lack of ability, because there is really no ability to support, and the operation also costs money. But in any case, you can’t have two faces. This is a matter of principle.

　　How to establish a long-term mechanism for environmental protection governance?

　　Chang Jiwen: Striving for Progress in Stability and Strengthening Infrastructure Construction

　　　Chang Jiwen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Resources and Environment Protection of the State Council Development Research Center: The Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group looked back at the feedback some time ago. The construction of sewage treatment facilities and sewage pipe network in the central and western regions was seriously in debt, and sewage treatment was a small-profit industry, so social capital was unwilling to enter. This short board must be filled.

　　In addition, there are some compulsory means besides lack of money. For example, we say garbage sorting. If sanitation agencies collect garbage and put the garbage sorted by ordinary people together, it will be severely punished. Many key tasks of environmental protection before the end of 2020, including the construction of rural sewage facilities, the diversion of rain and sewage, and the improvement of sewage treatment rate, need to be solved by paying equal attention to supervision and investment.

　　Liu Ge: Environmental protection governance needs to broaden the financial path.

　　Liu Ge, financial commentator of CCTV: Supervision needs a long-term mechanism. We can’t have so many inspectors who go to places one by one, look along the river and check along the road. This requires a new mechanism, including the use of technical means, such as combining the Internet of Things with environmental monitoring, and each sewage outlet has sufficient monitoring facilities.

　　But this is the same as the infrastructure debt of pollution control, and it needs money. For a long time, our pollution control has mainly relied on finance, perhaps supplemented by some special funds and sewage charges, but for many places, it is not enough to solve the problem, so many places are also trying more market-oriented business models.

　　Chang Jiwen: Protecting the environment requires strategic determination and should not be relaxed.

　　Chang Jiwen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Resources and Environment of the State Council Development Research Center: This year is the year of reducing the burden at the grassroots level, but the simplification of the process of environmental protection supervision does not mean loosening the requirements of environmental protection, but optimizing the supervision mode, so that the local authorities can carry out systematic pollution control through comprehensive supervision.

　　The ultimate goal is to strengthen their strategic strength, bite the bullet and not relax.

　　Liu Ge: Protecting the environment is a great undertaking for a thousand years, which requires wisdom and patience.

　　Liu Ge, financial commentator of CCTV: In the stage of tackling key environmental problems, wisdom is especially needed. For example, a financial mechanism may not be able to raise enough funds, so we need to find a new mechanism.

　　In the longer term, some illegal industries can be closed, and some long-term pollution may be inevitable in the development, which requires more patience. In the case that it is impossible to tackle the problem overnight, we can finally solve it by setting the overall goal, scientifically setting the timetable and road map.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions, which was deliberated and adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, pointed out that to deepen the reform of Party and State institutions, it is necessary to strengthen the overall leadership of the Party. To study and implement the Decision, we must accurately grasp the red line of upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership, deeply understand that upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership is the core task and key to promote the reform of the Party and state institutions, implement the Party’s leadership over all work throughout the whole process of reform, and build a Party leadership system that takes the overall situation into consideration and coordinates all parties, so as to provide a strong institutional guarantee for the long-term governance of the Party and the long-term stability of the country.

　　First, adhering to the overall leadership of the party is an important principle that must be adhered to in deepening institutional reform.

　　The "Decision" profoundly summarizes the successful experience of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political construction and clarifies four principles that must be followed in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions. The first one is "upholding the overall leadership of the party". Only by grasping and implementing this principle can we ensure the correct direction of the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　(1) the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature and the greatest institutional advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has profoundly summarized the theory and practice of China’s revolutionary construction and reform in the historical process of commanding great struggles, great projects, great undertakings and great dreams, and clearly put forward that the leadership of the party is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. This important conclusion has deepened the party’s leadership position and role from the inevitability of historical development and practical development to the inevitability of road development and system development, deepened the understanding of communist party’s ruling law, the law of socialist construction and the law of human social development, and deepened the understanding of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s essence. It is the most important understanding achievement and the most fundamental experience summary of our party and China people in upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is road confidence, theoretical confidence and self-confidence. To uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, the most crucial and core thing is to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, better embody this most essential feature and give full play to this greatest advantage.

　　(2) Upholding the Party’s leadership over all work is an inevitable requirement for upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, the party is the leader of everything. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward the basic strategy of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. The "first insistence" of the "14 Persistences" is to uphold the party’s leadership over all work. China is a socialist country under the people’s democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the workers’ and peasants’ alliance. Our party is the vanguard of the working class, the people of China and the Chinese nation, representing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, and has no special interests of its own. Based on the nature of our country’s national system and party, it is proper to strengthen the overall leadership of the party. Our party has been in power for 69 years. After long-term practice, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have clearly adhered to the party’s overall leadership and strictly managed the party in an all-round way, leading the Chinese nation to a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. This fully proves that the system and mechanism embodying the party’s overall leadership are effective and useful, and can best mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the broad masses of people. At present, China’s development is in a promising historical opportunity period. To seize the historical opportunity and realize the great dream, we must unswervingly uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party, constantly improve the institutional arrangements for upholding the overall leadership of the party, and vigorously promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. To sum up, adhere to the party’s leadership over all work,It is the demand of the people, the demand of practice and the demand of the times.

　　(3) Upholding and strengthening the overall leadership of the Party is the primary task and fundamental guarantee for deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions. The party’s overall leadership is concrete, not empty or abstract, and must be reflected in all aspects of governing the country, in the design, arrangement and operation of the institutions, systems and systems of state power, and in ensuring and realizing the political, ideological and organizational implementation of the party’s leadership. The "Decision" focuses on further institutionalizing the position and role of the Party as the highest political leading force, and regards upholding and strengthening the overall leadership of the Party as the primary task of this institutional reform. To deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and promote the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system to be more mature and more stereotyped, we must move in the direction of upholding and strengthening the party’s overall leadership, and strive to implement the party’s overall leadership in place. The reform of the party and state institutions is a political system reform that has a bearing on the overall situation and should be understood and grasped politically. To ensure the correct direction of reform and the smooth progress of various tasks, we must give full play to the core role of the party in overall planning and coordinating all parties, and earnestly put the political theme of upholding and strengthening the party’s overall leadership throughout the whole process of reform.

　　(4) To uphold the overall leadership of the Party, the most fundamental thing is to uphold the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership. Centralized and unified leadership by the Party Central Committee is the highest principle of the Party’s leadership and the most fundamental political rule. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is the primary task of the party’s political construction to ensure that the whole party obeys the Central Committee and uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership. In the big chess game of the national governance system, the CPC Central Committee is the "handsome" in the military account. To build and improve the Party’s leadership system and national governance system, we must adhere to the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee as the fundamental point, further establish and improve the institutional mechanism for strengthening centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, ensure the unity and unity of the whole Party and the unity of actions, and ensure the rapid and effective implementation of the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. To deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions, the task is arduous and far-reaching, which affects the whole body. We must firmly establish political consciousness, overall situation consciousness, core consciousness and conformity consciousness, resolutely safeguard the core position of the Supreme Leader General Secretary in the CPC Central Committee and the whole party, resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, consciously maintain a high degree of ideological and political unity with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader Comrade as the core, and carry out all the established tasks firmly and forcefully in accordance with the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee.

　　Second, improve the institutional arrangements for adhering to the party’s overall leadership

　　Focusing on ensuring the full coverage of the party’s leadership and ensuring that the party’s leadership is stronger and stronger, the "Decision" puts forward that strengthening the party’s leadership in all fields and aspects of work is the primary task of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, and makes comprehensive arrangements and strategic arrangements for optimizing the party’s organizational structure and improving the system of adhering to the party’s overall leadership.

　　(1) establish and improve the party’s leadership system and mechanism for major work. The party’s leadership system and mechanism for major work plays a leading role in the overall leadership system arrangement of the party. Things are in all directions, and they should be in the center. To strengthen the party’s overall leadership, we must first strengthen the party’s centralized and unified leadership over major work involving the overall situation. The establishment of decision-making and deliberation coordination institutions by the CPC Central Committee is an effective system design to strengthen the party’s leadership over major work. As early as 1958, the CPC Central Committee established leading groups in finance, politics, law, foreign affairs, science, culture and education. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that these groups belong to the CPC Central Committee and the major policies are in the Politburo. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has further strengthened its centralized and unified leadership over major work involving the overall situation, and successively established the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, the Central National Security Council, the Central Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization, and the Central Military Commission for Deepening the Reform of National Defense and the Army. These decision-making and deliberation coordination bodies of the CPC Central Committee have played a very important and key role in promoting the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and the state. The "Decision" puts forward the principle requirements for establishing and improving the party’s leadership system and mechanism for major work, clarifies the decision-making and deliberation coordination body of the CPC Central Committee, carries out work under the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee, and bears the important responsibility of top-level design, overall layout, overall coordination and overall promotion of major work. The "Decision" also affects other deliberative and coordinating bodies, party committees (party groups) of various regions and departments.Improve relevant institutional mechanisms and put forward clear requirements. These institutional arrangements and principle requirements fully reflect our party’s accurate grasp of China’s national conditions and deepening understanding of the operating rules of state power, which is conducive to maintaining the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership from the system, and is conducive to ensuring the smooth implementation of the Party Central Committee’s decrees and efficient work.

　　(2) Strengthen the leading position of Party organizations in organizations at the same level. Straightening out the relationship between the Party’s organizations and other organizations and strengthening the leading position of the Party’s organizations in organizations at the same level is an important guarantee to achieve full coverage of the Party’s leadership. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in China’s political life, the Party is in a leading position. Strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party and supporting the NPC, the government, the CPPCC, the courts and procuratorates to perform their functions, carry out their work and play their roles in accordance with the constitution are unified. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it has become an important institutional arrangement for The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to regularly listen to the work reports of the leading groups of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the State Council, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the work reports of the Central Secretariat, which has a very important demonstration significance for the whole party. The "Decision" clearly states that party committees (leading groups) established in state organs, institutions, mass organizations, social organizations, enterprises and other organizations accept the unified leadership of the party committees that approved their establishment and report their work regularly. At the same time, it proposes to speed up the establishment and improvement of party organizations in new economic organizations and social organizations. These regulations are conducive to highlighting our Party’s strong leadership core position in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, enhancing the seriousness and standardization of political life within the Party, and effectively embodying the Party’s role of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties in various organizations at all levels.

　　(3) Give full play to the role of the Party’s functional departments. The Regulations on Working Organs of the Communist Party of China (CPC) (for Trial Implementation) stipulates that the working organs of the Party are the political organs for the Party to implement political, ideological and organizational leadership, and the executive organs for implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and local party committees at all levels, implementing party leadership, strengthening party building, and advancing the party’s cause; The functional department of the Party Committee is the competent department responsible for a certain aspect of the Party Committee’s work, exercising relatively independent management functions in accordance with regulations, formulating relevant policies and regulations and organizing their implementation, and coordinating and guiding the work in this system and this field. To deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, an important task is to give full play to the role of the party’s functional departments, better promote the implementation of the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and realize the party’s comprehensive leadership in politics, ideology and organization. The "Decision" proposes to optimize the allocation of responsibilities of Party organizations, propaganda, United front, politics and law, party building, education and training, and further clarify and strengthen the functions of these departments in centralized coordination and overall planning. At the same time, it puts forward the principle requirements for the reform of party committees’ offices, party agencies and institutions directly under the party committees, emphasizing that party committees (party groups) at all levels should strengthen their ability to implement and strengthen their coordination and supervision functions. These regulations and requirements have adapted to the development trend of expanding the Party’s cause in breadth and depth, and are conducive to transforming the Party’s theory, line, principles and policies into concrete measures and practical results.

　　(4) Make overall plans to set up party and government organizations. Party and government organizations are an important support for our party to govern the country and an important force to promote the cause of the party and the state. Since the reform and opening up, we have continuously promoted institutional reform, abolished and merged a number of departments and institutions, optimized and transformed government functions, reduced administrative costs, improved work efficiency, and effectively promoted and guaranteed the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy and society. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the establishment of various institutions should be considered as a whole, the power of the party and government departments and internal institutions should be scientifically allocated, and the responsibilities should be clearly defined. To implement the strategic plan of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the requirements of adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and in view of the outstanding problems existing in the actual operation of party and government institutions, the Decision clearly stipulates that it is necessary to improve the layout of party and government institutions, straighten out the responsibilities of party and government institutions, form a unified and efficient leadership system, ensure the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, and ensure the coordinated and efficient operation of other institutions, and propose that relevant party institutions can work with other departments with similar functions and close ties. Considering and setting up the party and government institutions as a whole, building a new pattern of party and government institutions that meets the development requirements of the new era, grasping the key points that affect the operational efficiency of party and government institutions at present, embodying the requirements of optimizing and coordinating the functions of institutions, and breaking the barriers of departmentalization and localization, which is conducive to strengthening the party’s leadership, enhancing the government’s execution, and giving play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and giving better play to the government’s role.Is conducive to highlighting the superiority of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system.

　　Third, strengthen the party’s ability and determination to take the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies and promote reform.

　　To deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, we should not only improve the institutional arrangements to ensure the party’s overall leadership, but also focus on improving the party’s leadership style and ruling style, and earnestly enhance the party’s ability and determination to take the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies and promote reform.

　　Enhance the ability and determination of the direction. Direction is the flag, the road, and the common goal we are striving for. The first priority of the party’s leadership is to raise the flag and orient. On the way forward, we must hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission, strive forever, promote social revolution and self-revolution with a high degree of consciousness, consistently uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, consistently promote the new great project of party building, and consistently enhance the sense of hardship and guard against risk challenges. It is necessary to strengthen the "four consciousnesses" in the design and operation of institutional mechanisms, ensure the maintenance of the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership with more perfect institutional arrangements, safeguard the core position of the Supreme Leader General Secretary in the CPC Central Committee and the whole party, and ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees and prohibitions. It is necessary to strengthen political determination, adhere to political principles and the bottom line, and never make subversive mistakes on fundamental issues. It is necessary to enhance acumen, improve synergy, effectively find and deal with emerging problems in reform and development, and take precautions before they happen.

　　Enhance the ability and determination to seek the overall situation. The historical position we are in is a new era in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the undertaking we are undertaking is an unprecedented great undertaking. No matter how to understand and analyze problems and plan and promote work, we should think and act under the overall situation to prevent situations that are not conducive to the overall situation and the long term. We should focus on winning the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and then realizing the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream. We should focus on the grand practice of taking charge of great struggles, great projects, great undertakings and great dreams, focus on promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, focus on coordinating the two overall situations at home and abroad, grasp it as a whole, plan strategically, focus on it in the long run, and make efforts according to the situation.

　　Enhance the ability and determination to make policies. Policy is the touchstone to reflect the nature and purpose of the ruling party and a sign to reflect the level of governing the country. In promoting economic and social development, we must persist in taking the people as the center, focus on safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, focus on solving the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development, grasp the most urgent and anxious problems of the people, grasp the most direct and realistic interests of the people, formulate practical and effective policies and measures, and continuously enhance the people’s sense of happiness and security. We must persist in seeking truth from facts, proceed from reality, from the masses to the masses, carry out extensive and in-depth investigations and studies, and analyze specific problems, so as to make policies, measures and programs conform to the reality, reflect objective laws, solve practical problems, resolutely oppose formalism and bureaucracy, and achieve targeted, dialectical and precise efforts.

　　Enhance the ability and determination to promote reform. Reform and opening up is the most distinctive banner of our party and a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China. After 40 years of great revolution of reform and opening-up, the reform has entered the deep water area, so we must work hard, be firm, dare to bite hard bones and venture into dangerous beaches. We must vigorously carry forward the spirit of reform, innovation and self-revolution, promote ideological emancipation and reform, and achieve new breakthroughs in comprehensively deepening reform. It is necessary to focus on promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, adapt to the basic characteristics that China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, scientifically determine the reform and development ideas, formulate reform and development measures, dare to take responsibility, do good deeds, and break new ground in practice. It is necessary to encourage grassroots innovation, advocate daring to try and be the first, strengthen in-depth excavation, scientific summary, publicity and promotion of successful experiences in reform, promote the formation of a stronger and more dynamic atmosphere for innovation and creation, and unite a powerful force for unswervingly promoting reform and opening up.