In the first three quarters, the per capita consumption expenditure level of Shanghai residents ranked first among 31 provinces. The picture shows consumers buying food at the first food store in Shanghai recently.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Fei photo

　　Since the beginning of this year, Hubei’s economic recovery has maintained a good momentum. The picture shows that on October 31, tourists took photos at Qintai Green Square in Wuhan.

　　Photo by Wu Zhizun (Xinhua News Agency)

　　What are the highlights of the development of the eastern, central and western regions in the first three quarters? Which provinces have outperformed the national average in economic growth? Which provinces have faster consumption growth? Which provinces’ income levels have improved significantly? Recently, the statistical departments of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have successively released the economic data of the first three quarters. Through this report card, we will find that China’s regional economic development is more coordinated and pays more attention to high-quality development.

　　You chase after me, and the economy is resilient enough.

　　In the first three quarters, which province had the fastest GDP growth? It is Hubei.

　　As the province most affected by the epidemic last year, Hubei recovered rapidly — — In the first three quarters, the GDP of Hubei was 3,473.156 billion yuan, ranking seventh among 31 provinces, ranking first with an increase of 18.7% compared with the same period of last year, and an increase of 6.4% compared with the same period of 2019, which was 1.3 and 5.0 percentage points faster than the first half and the first quarter respectively.

　　This steaming momentum is felt most deeply by local residents. Xu Pengcheng, a 29-year-old young man from Hubei Province, didn’t go to Guangzhou to work as usual this year. Instead, he ran a shop in Wuhan in partnership with his friends, ready to do a big job in the catering industry. "The passenger flow of various business districts and pedestrian streets in Wuhan has basically returned to the level before the epidemic. The overall situation is good, and we are particularly confident in the business prospects. "

　　Not only is the growth rate fast, but the new kinetic energy of Hubei’s economic development is strong, and the resilience of recovery and development is full. In the first three quarters, the added value of high-tech manufacturing in Hubei increased by 34.9% year-on-year. In the first three quarters, there were 19,475 construction projects in the province, an increase of 4,860.

　　Which provinces have a high total? Guangdong and Jiangsu rank in the top two, and their regional GDP both exceeds 8 trillion yuan. Among them, Guangdong reached 8.80 trillion yuan, Jiangsu 8.49 trillion yuan, and it is expected that they will all cross 10 trillion yuan in the whole year.

　　It is worth mentioning that the economic structure of various places has been further optimized. The added value of the tertiary industry in Guangdong and Jiangsu both exceeded 4 trillion yuan. The added value of tertiary industry in most provinces is higher than that of primary and secondary industries, and the tertiary industry in 23 provinces accounts for more than 50%, especially in Beijing and Shanghai, accounting for more than 70%, reaching the level of developed countries.

　　Observing the eastern, central and western regions, the performance of the central region was eye-catching in the first three quarters. In the first three quarters, among the 10 provinces whose GDP growth rate was higher than the national average, Hubei, Shanxi, Jiangxi and Anhui were all central provinces. Su Jian, director of Peking University National Economic Research Center, said in an interview with this reporter: "From the data of the first three quarters, a good situation of competing development has been formed among the central provinces. With the in-depth implementation of the strategy of the rise of central China, urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River ‘ Bao Tuan ’ Development and high-quality co-construction ‘ Belt and Road ’ Driven by this, the central provinces have achieved ‘ Double promotion ’ 。”

　　Su Jian said that through the report cards of various provinces, it can be found that although the economic growth rate in the third quarter was affected by many factors, such as epidemic situation, flood and high base in the previous year, China’s economic strength, resilience and vitality remained unchanged. "All provinces have made great efforts to promote high-quality economic growth based on their own industrial structure and location advantages, and achieved good results. The regional economy is more balanced and coordinated, effectively responding to the tests of epidemic situation and public opinion. "

　　Income and consumption, the central and western regions accelerate to catch up.

　　"During the National Day holiday this year, many friends came to Xinjiang to travel." Zhang Junhui, a young man from Xinjiang, and his friends opened a folk shop in Grand Bazaar, Urumqi. On the shelves in the store, from Hetian jade to Badanmu, from Tianshan Snow Lotus to Dongbulaqin, all kinds of goods are dazzling. Benefiting from the continuous recovery of domestic consumer demand and the booming local holiday tourism, business in Zhang Junhui is good.

　　The simultaneous increase of residents’ income and consumption expenditure is the main feature of local economic recovery and growth.

　　In terms of income, the per capita disposable income of the national residents in the first three quarters reached 26,265 yuan, a nominal increase of 10.4% over the same period of last year; After deducting the influence of price factors, the real growth rate was 9.7%, which was basically in sync with GDP growth.

　　Among them, the per capita disposable income of residents in nine eastern provinces, including Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian, Shandong and Liaoning, continues to lead 31 provinces, which is higher than the national average. At the same time, the central and western provinces showed outstanding performance in the year-on-year growth rate of income. The nominal growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents in 13 provinces, including Tibet, is higher than the national average. Tibet, Hubei, Yunnan and Anhui in the top five are all central and western provinces, among which Tibet’s growth rate is as high as 15.27%.

　　Combing the income data of residents in recent years, we will find that the per capita disposable income of the central and western provinces has maintained a rapid growth rate. Among them, the growth rate of per capita disposable income in Tibet, Guizhou, Anhui, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing and Jiangxi provinces in the first three quarters of the past three years exceeded the national average. According to experts’ analysis, on the one hand, this is related to the low per capita disposable income base in the central and western provinces, on the other hand, it is also the result of the state’s increased transfer payment to the central and western regions, the effective connection between the consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization, and the implementation of relevant regional development strategies.

　　The income of rural residents grew faster than that of urban residents, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents continued to narrow. In the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 35,946 yuan, a real increase of 8.7% after deducting the price factor; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 13,726 yuan, a real increase of 11.2% after deducting the price factor. The actual growth rate of per capita disposable income of rural residents is 2.5 percentage points faster than that of urban residents.

　　Looking at consumption again, in the first three quarters, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents reached 17,275 yuan, a nominal increase of 15.8% on the basis of a decrease of 3.5% in the same period of last year; After deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 15.1%.

　　Regionally, the eastern provinces have a higher level of consumer expenditure. The data shows that in the first three quarters, the per capita consumption expenditure of eight provinces, including Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian and Chongqing, exceeded the national average, and the above provinces were all eastern provinces except Chongqing.

　　However, the central and western provinces are catching up and speeding up in terms of residents’ consumption level, and the gap with the eastern provinces continues to narrow. Among the top five in the year-on-year growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Guizhou and Xinjiang are all central and western provinces, among which Hubei and Heilongjiang rank in the top two with growth rates of 26.14% and 25.66% respectively.

　　Strive for "wonderful all year round"

　　In the fourth quarter, all localities have indicated that they will continue to co-ordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation and economic and social development, and strive to achieve "wonderful all year round" economic recovery and development.

　　Hubei Province has made it clear that it will "sprint with all its strength" in the fourth quarter and strive to achieve "a beautiful start and a wonderful year". "The first quarter ‘ Open higher and walk higher ’ , the second quarter ‘ Half-way wonderful ’ , the third quarter ‘ Pressurize and stabilize, and the development resilience continues to appear, laying a good foundation for achieving the goal of economic and social development throughout the year. Ye Fusheng, chief economist of Hubei Provincial Bureau of Statistics, said.

　　Benefiting from the free trade port policy dividend, Hainan’s GDP growth rate in the first three quarters ranked second in the country. According to the local authorities, the implementation of major projects in the Free Trade Port will be accelerated in the fourth quarter, reaching a new level.

　　Beijing’s economic growth rate in the first three quarters surpassed Shanghai for the first time in recent years, ranking third in the country, with the new economy accounting for nearly 40% of Beijing’s GDP. Recently, the North Exchange was officially launched. As various policies and measures continue to be effective, Beijing said that it has the ability and conditions to complete the expected goals and tasks for the whole year.

　　Many experts also pointed out that although the high-quality economic development of various provinces in the first three quarters handed over excellent answers, on the whole, there are still differences in the level of economic development between different regions and different provinces. In the next step, we should continue to focus on promoting coordinated regional development.

　　In the first three quarters, the provinces whose GDP growth rate was higher than the national average were mostly the eastern provinces and the central provinces; On average, the growth rate of western provinces in the first three quarters was relatively low, which was not satisfactory.

　　"This is first of all due to the recurrence of epidemics in some provinces, which affects the local economic growth momentum. Secondly, the industrial structure in the western region is relatively simple and relatively dependent on investment. " Su Jian analysis. In addition, due to factors such as sporadic epidemics and extreme weather, the recovery of consumption and investment in some central and western provinces is relatively slow. "This reveals some bottlenecks in regional economic development, and some provinces rely more on the development model of undertaking industrial transfer and scale growth at home and abroad, which needs to be upgraded urgently." Su Jian said.

　　Su Jian believes that in the process of promoting regional coordinated development, we should continue to strengthen regional cooperation and form complementary advantages. At the same time, local governments should combine the industrial structure and resource endowment in the region, formulate differentiated policy programs, and adhere to local conditions, classified guidance, and targeted policies. In addition, we should give full play to the role of foreign markets, base ourselves on the highland of opening to the outside world in the pilot free trade zones around the country, and drive the development of surrounding areas.

　　"In this process, we should increase investment in infrastructure, reduce the cost of regional economic cooperation, and build a growth engine of strategic emerging industries with unique characteristics, complementary advantages and reasonable structure. We will continue to promote the coordinated development of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas in the eastern, central and western regions, focusing on areas with economic development advantages such as central cities and urban agglomerations, forming an important power source for high-quality development and driving the overall improvement of national economic efficiency. " Su Jian said.

Cctv news Mid-Autumn Festival is a day with special meaning for Chinese, which means gathering, reunion and perfection. Seeing that the annual Mid-Autumn Festival is coming again, many people are looking forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival night, being able to get together with their families and eat a piece of moon cake handed by their families, leaving a fragrance in their mouths and feeling warm.

There is a "moon cake grandmother" Shen Yuee in Haining, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, who is 73 years old. The fresh meat moon cakes she makes are so delicious that it is hard to find a cake.

Every year around the Mid-Autumn Festival, she makes some moon cakes, not for sale, but for giving to others. Grandma Shen said that at first, she made meat moon cakes mainly to give them to the elderly in the community. Later, at the suggestion of her grandson, she began to send meat moon cakes to nursing homes and other places. Unconsciously, it has been four years since she persisted.

"Grandma Moon Cake" is short, kind-hearted and full of energy. Now, on average, she cooks thousands of moon cakes every day, including fresh meat, salt and pepper, and bean paste, which have many flavors. In order to make these moon cakes, Grandma Shen usually gets up at five or six o’clock in the morning and starts to prepare, mixing noodles, buying materials and mixing stuffing … until five or six o’clock in the evening. Later, in order to send it to the nursing home in time, Grandma Shen even needed to get up at 3 am. In addition to sending mooncakes to nursing homes and sanitation workers, Grandma Shen plans to send mooncakes to children’s welfare homes this year so that more people can taste her skills.

Grandma Shen’s good deeds have infected many people around her. Neighbor Zhao Hefen said: "Not only do you send cakes, but you also send zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival and eight-treasure rice on the New Year. It is the same for everyone. It is really enthusiastic." Hearing others say that she is good, Shen Yuee is a little embarrassed: "Everyone says it’s delicious, so I’m strong enough."

Grandma Shen made moon cakes, and her family also supported her. Grandma Shen has a son and a daughter, both of whom are very promising. She is also keen on doing good deeds at ordinary times. When she knows that her mother wants to make moon cakes for those in need, they give great support both materially and spiritually.

Asked how long this mooncake will last, Grandma Shen said that as long as she has the conditions and ability, as long as she can do it, this mooncake will continue to be made and delivered, not to mention that there are so many people to help her and support her.

A small moon cake condenses Grandma Shen’s purity, truth, goodness and beauty. She sets an example for her children, neighbors and society, and conveys an unusual warm heart of an ordinary person. Another bright moon shines on Kyushu, and another Mid-Autumn Festival warms people’s hearts. Grandma Shen continues this enthusiasm and warmth. It is simple and precious, and it moistens things silently. Let’s say thank you to Grandma Shen!

Click to watch the pilot video.

　　From 23rd to 24th, the "Joint Sword-－2024A" exercise was conducted around Taitai Island in the Eastern Theater of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army.

　　Tan Zhu noticed that public opinion on the island was highly concerned about this large-scale military exercise without warning. Almost all the media immediately reported that China Times News published an editorial pointing out that Lai Qingde’s "Taiwan independence mania" undermined peace in the Taiwan Strait. Media commentator Wang Shangzhi thinks, "‘ Military exercise around the island ’ Appear faster than expected. " Lai Shibao, a representative of public opinion, said that the scale and scope of this "military exercise around the island" have been expanded compared with before, and Lai Qingde should be responsible for this. Analysts said that the PLA military exercise was the whole process of attacking Taiwan by force … …

　　In Tan Zhu’s view, this military exercise is a warning to Lai Qingde: If you dare to seek "independence" provocation, your sword will be drawn immediately!

unprecedented

Play "independence" mode

　　Tan Zhu’s comprehensive analysis of the scope and content of the exercise by military experts from both sides of the strait found that five remarkable features highlighted the unprecedented "independence" mode of the PLA.

　　The first is the exercise code.Lin Yingyou, an assistant professor at the Institute of International Affairs and Strategy of Tamkang University in Taiwan Province, analyzed that from last year’s "United Sword" to this year’s "United Sword -2024A", the "United Sword" exercise may be normalized in the future. Zheng Jian, a mainland military expert, told Tan Zhu that "A" means that if Lai Qingde persists in provocation, it will not be ruled out that there will be "B" and "C" & HELLIP; … The possibility.

　　The second is five encirclement circles.Taiwan Province Island is surrounded by the encirclement of Taipeng, Jinmen, Mazu, Dongyin and Wuqiuyu from three directions: north, south and east. Jie Zhong, a military expert on the island, noticed that this military exercise included "blockade operations" against several outer islands, and even "coastal island assault operations" against Dongyin Island, which was not practiced in the previous "military exercise around Taiwan". Zhang Chi, a mainland military expert, pointed out that the north deterred important political and military targets, the south besieged the important station of Taiwan Navy, and the east blocked the lifeline of Taiwan’s energy import, the escape line of "Taiwan independence" forces and the support line of external forces.

　　The third is the internal and external integration of the island chain.Jie Zhong said that this means that the PLA has the ability to send its powerful naval and air combat power to the tactical position in the western Pacific in eastern Taiwan Province, and cut off Taiwan Province’s external air and sea links. Zheng Jian told Tan Zhu that the PLA’s action was to announce to the "Taiwan independence" forces on the island and external interference forces that Taiwan Province is not a part of the "island chain" but a barrier to China’s national security. The PLA not only has the ability to crush "Taiwan independence", but also has the ability to refuse the so-called "rescue" from outside.

　　Fourth, approaching the "strategic rear" and "second wartime command post" of the Democratic Progressive Party authorities — — The Taiwan Air Force Hualien Base carried out military exercises.Lu Deyun, a military expert on the island, said that the exercise area off Hualien is extremely close to Taiwan Province Island, and the appearance of the liberation warship aircraft at such a close distance has put substantial pressure on the Lai Qingde authorities and the Taiwan military. There are also scholars on the island who believe that this also means that the so-called "combat power preservation" of the Taiwan military has no place at all.

　　Fifth, the three dimensions of "point, line and surface" have formed a threatening situation on Taiwan Province Island.Meng Xiangqing, a military expert on the mainland, pointed out that "point" means directly attacking the prime evil of "Taiwan independence" and pointing directly at the goal of "Taiwan independence". The "line" means that the key points of the exercise are connected into a powerful fire line that locks the island. "Face" means that the whole island of Taiwan Province is covered by a powerful fire net built by the PLA’s long-range fire, long-range guide and fighter planes. It can be said that this PLA exercise has a larger scale and a stronger flavor of actual combat.

Step by step

Military intimidation

　　Since the Democratic Progressive Party authorities came to power in 2016, this is another "military exercise around Taiwan" by the People’s Liberation Army to counter and punish the provocation of "independence". Some experts on the island pointed out that,Judging from several "military exercises around Taiwan", every time "Taiwan independence" provokes, the mainland’s military coercion in the Taiwan Strait will push further into the island.

　　In August 2022, Democratic Progressive Party authorities Goulian Pelosi made a surprise visit to Taiwan Province, and the PLA’s "military exercise around Taiwan" broke through the so-called "central line of the Straits" and "closed the door and beat the dog".At that time, Meng Xiangqing said, "‘ Strait midline ’ We never admit that "has become a hot topic in media reports on the island. According to the analysis of Qi Leyi, a military expert on the island, the military exercise reduced the depth of Taiwan Province’s "defense" to a minimum. Lin Yufang, a former public opinion representative on the island, said that the Taiwan military simply had no ability to break through the blockade.

　　In April 2023, Tsai Ing-Wen visited the United States, and the People’s Liberation Army conducted a "military exercise around Taiwan" and the aircraft carrier patrolled the east.At that time, public opinion on the island was highly focused on the appearance of the "Shandong Ship" aircraft carrier on the east coast of Taiwan Province. Experts on the island said that the "Shandong Ship" passed through the waters adjacent to Miyako Island and crossed the "first island chain", indicating that the "defensive rear" that Taiwan Province always thought no longer existed.

　　This exercise aimed at Lai Qingde’s provocation of seeking "independence" has achieved a new breakthrough.Meng Xiangqing said that Taiwan Island is a typical export-oriented economy, and 97% of its energy is imported. Once the island is blocked, its economy will collapse instantly, and the island may become a "dead island". The PLA focused on the new mode of blocking Taiwan Province Island. Meng Xiangqing emphasized that on the same day, Fujian Marine Police also organized a fleet of ships to carry out comprehensive law enforcement drills in the waters near Wuqiuyu Island and Dongyin Island. The released training diagram showed that the fleet of marine police ships was only 2.8 nautical miles away from Wuqiuyu Island and 3.1 nautical miles away from Dongyin Island, which completely broke through the so-called "restricted waters" designated by the Democratic Progressive Party authorities.

　　Liu Kuangyu, an associate researcher at Taiwan Province Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, stressed in an exclusive interview with Master Tan that,The "six-way locking Taiwan" military exercise mode after the counter-Pelosi’s platform attack is still improving and strengthening step by step. Not only "circling the island" and "locking Taiwan" have become the new normal of the PLA’s military exercise against Taiwan, but also "anti-cutting sausage" has become the new normal.This fully shows that the more "Taiwan independence" provokes, the more the PLA tightens its blockade, speeds up its actual combat readiness, and strengthens anti-intervention and regional refusal.

　　Tan Zhu finally wants to say that the PLA’s military operations in the Taiwan Strait have gradually achieved the goal of "closing the door and beating dogs" and "locking turtles in a jar"", the aircraft carrier east patrol, internal resistance and external sealing, falsification of the "middle line", normal control, peacetime and wartime integration, joint warfare as the front. If "Taiwan independence" doesn’t pull back from the brink, it will be thunderous!

First, the third generation synchrotron radiation light source with the highest energy in the world

SPring-8, a large-scale synchrotron radiation facility in Japan, is located in Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo) in Hyogo Prefecture, the center of the Japanese archipelago. It is the third generation synchrotron radiation source with the highest energy in the world. Its English name is Spring-8, which means "8GeV Super Photon Ring", that is, the output power is 8 GeV.

In 1991, under the leadership of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), Jaeri (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute) and Riken (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) of Japan began to jointly build SPring-8. The construction cost of the first phase is about 110 billion yen, and the land is donated by Hyogo Prefecture for free. With the joint support of the county government, the county university, various research institutes and commercial enterprises, the project was completed in 1997, and the facilities were opened, which were managed by JASRI (Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute), including the operation, maintenance, transformation, user service and scientific research and development of light sources. JASRI is the only statutory management organization of SPring-8, which is private and non-profit, and employs more than 1,000 employees, 80% of whom are researchers and technicians. From October 1997 to 2010, SPring-8 has built 55 beam line stations.It has served more than 100,000 people in science, industry and business circles in Japan and the world.

Spring-8 in Japan, advanced photon source APS (Argone) in Argonne National Laboratory of the United States and European synchrotron radiation facility ESRF (Grenoble) in Grenoble, France are the three largest high-energy synchrotron radiation facilities in the world.

　　　

Geographical map of SPring-8 (image from Google)

SPring-8 is used in many scientific and medical fields, such as:

* Material science: studying the atomic and electronic structures of advanced materials, material properties under extreme conditions, etc.

* Biomedicine: analyzing protein structure, studying life mechanism, drug design and improvement, using phase contrast imaging method to perform high-resolution imaging of biological samples, etc.

Chemistry: kinetics under catalysis, atomic and molecular spectra, ultra-trace elements and their chemical properties;　

Environmental science: catalysts for analyzing the environment, and trace elements of environmental pollution in biological samples;　

:: Earth and Cosmic Science: Analysis of the structure and characteristics of deep crustal materials, and the structure of meteorites and cosmic layers;　

* Industry and nuclear physics: using photon energy to study quark nuclear physics, etc.

　　Bird’s eye view of SPring-8

　　SPring-8 storage ring built around the mountain

Links: Some specific data of SPring-8.　

* area: covering an area of 141 hectares, it is 36 times larger than Koshien Ballpark, 30 times larger than Tokyo Dome Stadium and 2.8 times larger than Tokyo Disneyland Theme Park. The large storage ring has a diameter of 457 meters, which is longer than the length of four football fields, and its circumference is about 1436 meters.　

* Operating expenses are affected by the economic crisis, and are reduced almost year by year;

* Usage fee: 60,000 yen/hour. However, if scientists disclose their research results after this experiment, the use of light sources is free.　

* Energy consumption: The Kansai Electric Power Co., Ltd. provides dedicated high-voltage power. In 2009, the annual electricity consumption was 178 million kilowatts, equivalent to the average annual electricity consumption of 49,000 households, costing 190 million yen; Natural gas is provided by the Technopolis Branch of Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. In 2009, it used 1.31 million cubic meters, equivalent to the gas used by 3,300 ordinary households, costing 80 million yen. Water is the responsibility of Three Cities-Towns’ Water and Sewage Office. In 2009, it used 280,000 tons of water, which is the same as the water used by 650 families for one year, costing 100 million yen.　

Second, historical review

October 1988: A cooperative group of Japan Institute of Atomic Force (JAERI) and Institute of Physical Chemistry (RIKEN) was established to design and develop large-scale synchrotron radiation facilities.　

June, 1989: The site was located in Sowing Science Garden City in Hyogo Prefecture.　

December 1990: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) was established.　

November 1991: SPring-8 project started.

May 1993: SPring-8 User Association was established.

October 1994: The "Law on the Promotion and Generalization of Synchrotron Radiation Facilities" was implemented, and JASRI was designated as "the institution to promote the research and use of Synchrotron Radiation".　

March 1997: Synchrotron radiation successfully emerged for the first time.　

October 1997: The project was completed. Light source on.　

March 1998: The first SPring-8 user seminar was held.　

May 1998: The current with a beam of 100mA was successfully stored in the storage ring.　

June 2000: The first contracted beam line station began to operate.　

August 2000: 25-meter-long undulator was installed.　

October 1st, 2005: JAERI, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, was reorganized into JAEA(Japan Atomic Energy Agency), and left SPring-8. The light source is jointly managed by JASRI and RIKEN.　

July, 2006: "Law on the Promotion and Generalization of Synchrotron Radiation Facilities" was amended as "Promoting the Publicity of Major Advanced Scientific Research Facilities".

March 2007: JASRI was elected as the only registered institution to promote the use of facilities.

October 2007: A grand ceremony and discussion were held to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the successful operation of the light source.

June 2009: SPring-8 received the 100,000 th user since its opening.

Third, structural exploration

The accelerator of SPring-8 mainly consists of four parts:　

* injector, Linac, 1GeV；;　

* Booster, 8 GeV;

* large Storage Ring, storage ring, 8GeV, used for high brightness X-ray;　

* Small storage ring, NewSUBARU, 1.5GeV, used for medium short pulse soft X-ray.

　　1. Injector (Linac)　

The linear accelerator section is equipped with 26 3-meter-long accelerating units to accelerate the electron beam energy to 1GeV. The red part in the picture below is a quadrupole magnet used to focus the electron beam.　　

Linear accelerator unit 1　

The electron beam is generated by a thermionic gun impregnated with barium and tungsten. The ion gun is located on the high-voltage board with a voltage of about 180KV. The pulse duration is 1ns or 40ns. The selected beam is focused on a buncher and accelerated to 1GeV energy with 25 accelerating cavities. Electron beam energy dispersion is reduced by energy compressor system (ECS). Then, the linear accelerator as the injector transports the electron beam to the intensifier or the NewSUBARU small storage ring.　

Some parameters of linear accelerator:

2. Booster Synchrotron

Annular, with a circumference of 396 meters. The 1GeV electron beam output from the linear accelerator will be accelerated to 8GeV in the intensifier. The blue image below shows the deflection magnet, which is used to generate synchronous radiation light; The yellow part is a six-stage magnet for stabilizing the electron beam.

Intensifier tunnel intensifier branch point (left) electron beam transport line SSBT (right)　

In FODO, the magnetic focusing structure of the intensifier, bending magnets and quadrupole magnets are alternately arranged, and the repetition frequency of injection, acceleration and output is set to 1Hz, and the harmonic number is 672. If a single beam is injected into the storage ring, an RF elimination system is installed to eliminate other electron beams adjacent to the main beam. The special timing system injects different beams according to the types of light required by each outlet station of the storage ring.　

Some parameters of the enhancer:

3. The large Storage Ring (storage ring)

The electron beam is injected into the storage ring from the transport line SSBT (left).

Huge ring with a circumference of 1436 meters. Its conventional unit consists of 2 deflection magnets, 10 four-stage magnets and 7 six-stage magnets, and its length is about 30 meters. The linear joints are located between conventional units, and are used to install plug-ins, RF accelerating cavities, beam injection systems, beam diagnosis systems, etc., with a total of 44 linear joints.　

Some parameters of large storage ring:

The large storage ring can store 8GeV electron beams for a long time, more than 100 hours. The energy consumed by synchrotron radiation is replenished by accelerating equipment installed in four radio stations around the storage ring. The constant current (top-up) injection mode effectively ensures the constant beam current intensity in the storage ring.　

Link: The 86th academic seminar of the Oriental Science and Technology Forum was held on December 7-8, 2006, with the topic of "beam orbit stability of the third generation synchrotron radiation light source".　

Dr Kouichi Soutome from Japan synchrotron radiation research institute (JASRI) gave a special report on "constant current injection and beam orbit stability of SPring-8". He first emphasized the necessity of providing users with a stable X-ray beam for precision experiments. In order to stabilize the beam position, it is necessary to restrain the beam trajectory change. He pointed out that the top-up injection mode with constant beam intensity in the storage ring can effectively ensure the stability of the synchrotron radiation light intensity. For this reason, SPring-8 has made great efforts to study the sources of various factors that cause orbit change, such as the change of magnet power supply and the vibration of vacuum chamber caused by cooling water.

SPring-8 also improves the beam trajectory correction system and the corresponding measurement system. For top-up implantation, SPing-8 adopts many measures, such as reducing the vibration of stored electron beam caused by implantation, reducing the loss of implanted electron beam, and maintaining long-term high-purity single beam implantation. Finally, he reported the stability of SPring-8 in beam orbit and the performance of top-up injection operation mode. The total current stability in SPring-8 storage ring is controlled within 0.1%, and the current intensity inconsistency of each beam is also controlled within 10%.　

4. NewSUBARU

　　NewSUBARU storage ring　

NewSUBARU, a small storage ring with 1.5GeV, is mainly used to study the application of soft X-ray in industrial field. Built in 1998, Lasti (Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry) of Hyogo University is responsible for its operation.　

The circumference of the small storage ring is about 119 meters, and it consists of two 14-meter and four 2.6-meter straight-line sections. In the long straight section, an 11-meter-long undulator and an optical klystron free electron laser device are installed. The electron beam of 1GeV in the linear accelerator can be directly injected into the storage ring.

　　11-meter-long undulator

Some parameters of small storage ring:

Four, beam line and experimental station

SPring-8 has 22 beam lines led by deflection magnets, and up to 24 can be built. There are 26 beam lines led out by the insert, up to 34 can be built, and the length of the straight line section is 4.5 meters; There is one beam line led by the long insert, and at most four beams can be built, and the length of the long straight line section is 25m. These beam lines are generally designed within 80 meters, but 9 can extend to 300 meters and 3 can extend to 1 kilometer.　

1. Layout and classification　

The front-end assembly of the beam line is designed to withstand radiation power, reduce the thermal load of the first optical element in contact, and protect the vacuum of the storage ring in case of beam line failure.

　　Beam line front end

　　Beam line

* common beam line

* Japan Atomic Energy Development and Research Institute (JAEA) beam line

* RIKEN beam line

* Other unit beam lines

* accelerator beam diagnosis

* Taiwan Province’s exclusive beam line

Taiwan Province National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center has built two hard X-ray beams dedicated to Taiwan Province on SPring-8: for the study of biological structures and materials and inelastic X-ray scattering. Taiwan Province has 75% to 80% of the usage time.

chronicle of events

December 18th, 1998: Signed the cooperation memorandum and contract of SPring-8 Taiwan Province exclusive beam line.　

October, 2000: Research on Biological Structure and Materials: The beam line came out and started trial operation. Derived from the deflection magnet of the storage ring, it can be used for researchers to engage in experiments such as X-ray absorption spectrum, high-resolution X-ray scattering, protein crystallography and micro-area diffraction, conduct forward-looking scientific experiments in life science, physics and chemistry, and open up new research fields of various cutting-edge materials.　

December 15th, 2000: Opening ceremony of beam line was held.　

At the beginning of 2001: Inelastic X-ray scattered beam line, which is led out by the storage ring frequency-concentrating magnet, is used for researchers to conduct cutting-edge research on high-coherence electronic systems (high-temperature superconductivity and giant magnetoresistance prospective materials).　

December 2, 2010: The 10th Anniversary Celebration of Taiwan Province’s Exclusive Beam Line was held. Up to now, 483 projects and 1657 experiments have been carried out, and 233 SCI papers have been published in internationally renowned scientific journals, which has a broad user base and fruitful results.

2. Introduction of some experimental stations

* BL02B2 (powder diffraction)

A large Debye-Scherrer camera with a radius of 286.5mm was installed in the shed. Its imaging plate is the detector, which is used to collect all powder patterns synchronously. The camera can be used in a wide temperature range (15 k—1000 k), and it can realize the rapid collection of high calculation statistics and high angular resolution powder diffraction data.

* BL04B1 (high pressure and high temperature)

SPEED-Mk. II, a high-pressure equipment, is a double-layer 1500-ton tamping multi-anvil press. It uses 14*14*14mm sintered diamond anvil to produce high pressure and high temperature conditions, reaching 50 GPa and 2000oC. It can complete the experiments of energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and high-speed CCD imaging.

* BL08W (high energy inelastic scattering)

Compton scattering magnetic spectrometer is mainly composed of 3 T superconducting magnet and 10 germanium solid state detectors (SSDs). Superconducting magnet can switch the magnetic field from -3 T to 3 T within 5 seconds. Germanium SSDs are symmetrically arranged around the grazing X-ray beam, achieving a scattering angle of nearly 180 degrees. The sample temperature is controlled by a cryocooler, which is between 10 K and room temperature.

* BL13XU (surface and interface structure)

Ultra-high vacuum chamber (used for the surface of crystal materials such as metals and semiconductors) is installed on a huge X-ray diffractometer (3m in diameter and 2.3m in height). The cavity is equipped with standard surface analysis tools, such as LEED and RHEED.

* BL19B2 (Engineering Science Research I)

The mid-band hard X-ray beam station led by the bending magnet is open to industrial users. The main technologies are X-ray absorption, diffraction, scattering and imaging. It has three experimental shacks:

Shack 1: XAFS. The distance from the light source is 51m, and the length * width * height are 4m*3m*3.3m respectively. X-ray absorption and fine structure measurement were carried out in transmission and fluorescence modes, and high-energy X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out.

Shed II: X-ray diffraction. It is 77m away from the light source and 5m*4m*3.3m in length * width * height. The multi-axis diffractometer was installed to measure the residual stress and analyze the film structure, and the Debye-Scherrer camera was used for powder diffraction research.

Shed III: The distance from the light source is 111m, and the size is 8m * 4m * 3.3m.. X-ray imaging technology is used to observe industrial materials.

* BL27XU (soft X-ray photochemistry)

The C2a experimental station of the beam line is equipped with a hemispherical high-resolution electron energy analyzer (Gamma Data-Scientita, SES-2002) for studying free atoms and molecules. The sample gas is injected by MB Scientific AB. The decrease of resolution caused by Doppler effect of the gas sample will reduce the kinetic energy of the molecular beam source.

* BL35XU (high resolution inelastic scattering)

IXS spectrometer is a special scientific instrument, which needs very precise "arm" movement, and the "arm" is long and heavy, 10 meters, 6 tons (below), and it has to rotate at a large angle: 55 degrees. Its length is to ensure good energy resolution (?1 meV), and its weight is in the vacuum flight orbit to prevent the scattering and absorption of X-rays. In addition, vacuum insulation is used to control the temperature (MK) of optical instruments very accurately.

* BL37XU (trace element analysis)

This beam line is specially designed for all kinds of "X-ray fluorescence analysis".

Shed 1: equipped with high spatial resolution X-ray microprobe, multifunctional X-ray diffractometer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer and high-energy X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.

Shed 2: equipped with grazing incidence spectrum reflectometer and low vacuum scanning electron microscope SEM.

* BL15XU（WEBRAM）

Intelligent dual-angle photoelectron analyzer (DAPHNIA) is used to measure photoelectrons and Auger electrons, and the "takeoff angle" can be set separately. Provide large photoelectron kinetic energy up to 4800 eV. The instrument has shown good performance in using high energy excitation beam. For example, electron excitation in a deeper core layer or the application of high kinetic energy photoelectrons.

* BL24XU (Hyogo Prefecture)

The following picture shows the instrument used for X-ray microanalysis in the beam line shed C. The instrument uses a phase zone plate to form a strong X-ray microbeam, which can be used in many fields, such as two-dimensional drawing of trace elements in samples, micro-diffraction of polymers and stress analysis in laser diodes.

* BL23SU (actinide science I)

The following picture shows a high-resolution photoelectron spectrometer and a soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) for measurement. The energy resolution of photoelectron spectrometer is less than 2 meV. The maximum magnetic field measured by MCD’s superconducting magnet is 10 t. These two instruments are used to study the electronic structure of actinide materials, such as uranium compounds.

* BL45XU (structural biology I)

There are two experimental stations for structural biology research. Protein Crystallography Experimental Station uses MAD method in the field of X-ray crystallization, that is, multi-wavelength abnormal diffraction to utilize synchrotron radiation. The trichromator for protein crystal installed on the goniometer can generate three different wavelengths of X-rays.

　　angular instrument

V. Major scientific research achievements

1. Uncover the secret of the mysterious structure and movement mode of water molecules.

Water is a familiar substance, and the structure of water molecule H2O is well known. But perhaps people haven’t thought deeply: where does ice store huge cooling energy? Why is the density of water the highest at 4oC? But above or below 4oC, the water density decreases? Why is the density of solid ice less than liquid water?

Japanese scientists analyzed the structure of water and ice in SPring-8, and some new discoveries solved the long-debated problem about the nature of water. They successfully conducted Compton scattering experiment by using high-energy inelastic scattering beam line BL08W, directly observed the structure and function of ice at high resolution, and verified the accuracy of molecular dynamics simulation. This basic research result can help to develop thermal storage materials and analyze the thermal storage of new materials in the future. The paper was published in the top American science journals.

In fact, as early as 2008, scientists from RIKEN Institute of Physics and Chemistry in Japan proposed two water states with different hydrogen bonding modes by using BL17SU beam line and soft X-ray spectrum of SPring-8, as well as small angle scattering and Raman scattering.

2. Develop general-purpose plastic materials as strong as iron.

Plastic products such as plastic bags and plastic buckets have become widely used and indispensable items in our daily life because they are light, waterproof and cheap. But at the same time, it also has some disadvantages: low tensile strength, easy deformation and not high temperature resistance. They are synthesized from polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and their structures at the molecular level are composed of long chains of carbon atoms. This "string" structure of polymer makes plastic products as soft as biomaterials. However, scientists have found that the tensile strength of materials will increase with the increase of polymer chain length; When carbon chains have tensile strength similar to covalent bonds of carbon atoms in diamonds, general plastics will harden, but they will not have diamond-like strength.

Distinguished professor Hikosaka of The Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences (Hiroshima University) focuses on the study of polymer long chains and their structural and characteristic changes. He examined the blending phase structure of polyethylene long chain and its influence on properties by X-ray diffraction and other methods. The growth mechanism, sliding and diffusion effect mechanism of ideal polymer crystals are formulated. In 1987, the "sliding diffusion theory of polymer crystallization" was put forward.

The research team led by Professor Iwasaka and his doctoral student Kiyoka Okada, who used BL40B2 beam line in 2003-2007, observed the process of nuclear nucleation. ) From 2007 to 2010, using the X-ray scattering device of SPring-8, a new polypropylene-based plastic with strong tensile force and super heat resistance was successfully developed for the first time: NOCs(nano-oriented crystals).

The reason why ordinary plastics have poor tensile strength is because of low crystallinity. High-quality plastics are those with crystallinity of about 50%. In other words, the higher the crystallinity, the stronger the intermolecular interaction, and the stronger the tensile strength and heat resistance. When polymer molecules are regularly arranged, crystals form. Therefore, in order to improve the crystallinity, it is necessary to arrange the polymer molecules regularly as much as possible.

Professor Masamichi Hikosaka, Dr. Kiyoka Okada, holds a new type of polypropylene.

The research team led by Professor Iwasaka found a method to make polymers regularly arranged when plastics are in molten state, and proved that the crystallinity of the method is 92%. Because the structure of NOCsS looks like a real armor, it is composed of small pieces of iron plates, so the model is called "real armor" model. The tensile strength of the new polypropylene is about seven times higher than that of the ordinary plastic material, the heat-resistant temperature reaches 170°C or higher than 176°C, the light transmittance is 99%, and it is recyclable and cheap, because only one process is needed in the traditional polypropylene production process.

This wonderful new plastic material is most likely to be used in the transformation of steel body in traditional automobile industry. Although the thickness of the body will be doubled, its weight is only a quarter of that of steel.

3. Analyze the change of dynamic structure of calcium pump.

A variety of ions participate in the biological activity of organisms. Calcium 2+ ion promotes muscle movement and is one of the most important ions in organisms. It is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum of myofibrils. When calcium ions are released into muscle cells, muscles contract. At the same time, calcium ions need to return to the endoplasmic reticulum to relax the muscles. A membrane protein called calcium pump is responsible for pumping back calcium 2+ ions.

Pumping back calcium ions involves two processes: obtaining and releasing, and the structure of calcium pump changes accordingly. Chikashi Toyoshima (Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences of the University of Tokyo) first discovered this structural change and analyzed the calcium pump structure in nine states.

His research results were published in the British journal Nature in 2000, 2002 and 2004. In view of this series of outstanding achievements, Professor Toyoda was awarded the Asahi Prize in 2009.

　　A certain state in the reaction cycle of calcium pump

Left: Schematic diagram of structural changes of calcium pump. The figure shows a link of structural change in the calcium pump reaction cycle: ATP is bound and Ca2+ ions are trapped in membrane proteins. The structural changes in the middle are presented in gray.

Right: cover of Nature magazine in 2000.

4. Discovery of new magnetic materials on meteorites

Every year, thousands of tons of meteorites fall to the earth. Although their surfaces are burnt black, their internal metal and mineral components remain unchanged, so they are called "fossils" in space. It provides powerful evidence for human beings to understand the mysteries of the solar system.

Masato Kotsugi, JASRI) of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute used the Photoelectron Emission Microscope (PEEM) on BL25SU beam line of SPring-8 to analyze the structure of iron meteorites. Iron meteorite is composed of α phase rich in iron and γ phase rich in nickel. Dr. Xiao Shan confirmed that there is a nano-scale mineral layer at the interface between iron and nickel, which is called Tetrataenite. However, it does not exist on the earth and will become an excellent new magnetic material. Dr. Xiao Shan further analyzed the characteristics of Tetrataenite, which is composed of 50% iron and 50% nickel, and the iron and nickel atoms are alternately arranged, which is a regular periodic crystal structure. It produces a kind of hard magnetism, that is, the magnetization direction will not change easily. Famous hard magnetic materials include permanent magnets and materials used in engines of hybrid vehicles.

Another important discovery of Dr. Xiao Shan: Tetrataenite will be a potential substitute in hard disk manufacturing. Platinum is an indispensable material for the next generation hard disk, but it is a rare metal, and its price is rising. At present, the demand for platinum has exceeded its production capacity. About 2 tons of platinum is used in global hard disk production every year. If Tetrataenite synthesized by iron and nickel can be used as hard disk material, the consumption of platinum will be greatly reduced, thus promoting resource conservation and low-cost production of hard disks.

Chiharu Mitsumata (Toho Kyu University) of Tohoku University in Japan is carrying out basic research on the synthesis of Tetrataenite.

As a result, Dr. Koyama and Professor Sanyan won the second place in Dubose-Crouse Award (international metallic graphic contest) in 2010.

　　Dr. Masato Kotsugi Professor Chiharu Mitsumata

　5. Successfully developed all-solid-state safety battery by nanotechnology.

Professor Hiroshi Kitagawa (Kyoto University) of Kyoto University and Dr Rie Makiura (Kyushu University) of Kyushu University have studied nano-scale silver iodide (AgI) particles. They proved for the first time in the world that it is possible to realize stable solid electrolyte at room temperature. This research achievement is highly valued because of its great development potential. The paper was published in the British scientific journal Nature Materials in May 2009.

6. the three-dimensional structures of Rab27B and Slac2-a are analyzed.

In 2004, Dr. Mitsunori Fukuda (Tohoku University) of the Graduate School of Life Sciences of Northeastern University clarified the transmission mechanism of melanin in melanocytes at the molecular level. In 2008, in cooperation with Shigeyuki Yokoyama of RIKEN Institute of Physical Chemistry, he successfully analyzed the three-dimensional structures of Rab27B and Slac2-a in BL41XU Experimental Station of Structural Biology on SPring-8. Their structural data will greatly promote the research and development of new skin whitening products and drugs to prevent white hair.

7. The new chewing gum Pos-Ca can effectively prevent tooth decay.

Dr. Tomoko Tanaka (the Health Science Laboratory of Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.) found that calcium phosphate oligosaccharide supported the remineralization of teeth, which promoted the appearance of new chewing gum with calcium phosphate oligosaccharide (Pos-Ca).

Left: Tomoko Tanaka in SPring-8 Lab Right: New Chewing Gum.

8. Research and development of new drugs against influenza virus

Influenza virus consists of eight RNA genes, and there are two types of spike proteins on the surface of virus particles: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Because of its simple structure, the virus cannot replicate itself. However, they can be skillfully replicated by using the replication system of human cells after invading human host cells.

HA, like a key, can invade the human body after combining with glycoprotein on the cell surface. NA plays an important role in the separation and release of progeny virus from cells, and is an enzyme that helps the virus infect other bacteria. The amino acids that make up the above two proteins are prone to mutation. So far, scientists have discovered 16 kinds of HA and 9 kinds of NA proteins. These protein are arbitrarily combined into various types of influenza viruses (H1N1–H16N9). For example, influenza A H1N1, which was prevalent in 2009, and H5N1 virus, avian influenza, which became prevalent in 1997.

Influenza virus encodes 10 kinds of proteins, among which RNA polymerase is very important in virus gene replication. It includes three subunits: PA, PB1 and PB2. When one of them is lacking, RNA polymerase loses its enzyme function and the virus cannot replicate. Therefore, if we can determine the three-dimensional structure of these three subunits, we can block the function of RNA polymerase.

In July 2008, Dr. Sam-Sam (Graduate School of Nanobioscience, yokohama city university) successfully analyzed the combined structure of PA and PB1, and analyzed the enzyme structure related to virus replication, which will accelerate the research and development of new antiviral drugs. It is not far away to realize the wish that people don’t have to worry about the flu in winter.

　　Left: schematic diagram of RNA polymerase subunit; bottom right: RNA polymerase subunit structure.

　　Top right: the complex of PA(239-716) and PB(1-81) was successfully crystallized, BL41XU, SPring-8.

9. Reveal the secret of solar system formation by analyzing comet dust.

The American Stardust Project, 1999-2007) collected scattered dust samples of comet Wilder II (81P/Wild) and brought them back to Earth. It is expected that by analyzing these samples, information about the origin of comets and the entire solar system 4.6 billion years ago can be obtained.

Dr. Tomoki Nakamura (Kyushu University) of Kyushu University has conducted in-depth research on comet dust. He used the X-ray diffraction experimental device of BL37XU on SPring-8 and the synchrotron radiation facility of KEK to analyze and determine the crystal types and abundance ratio of dust. After that, Professor Akira Tsuchiyama (Osaka University) used the CT scan of BL47XU to visualize the internal structure of comet dust.

Dr. Nakamura found that "meteorite chondrules" originated from comet dust outside the solar system, so they can no longer be explained by the traditional model of solar system formation. "Meteorite chondrules" are the main components of ancient meteorites, rich in magnesium, silicon and a small amount of iron. The doctor believes that the migration of "globules" occurred in the primitive solar system composed of dust disks; However, he said that the analysis accuracy of at least 20 samples will be improved to obtain statistically significant conclusions. He will also continue to carry out comet meteorite dating and determine the migration time. It is expected that a new solar system formation model will be established soon.

10. Nanotechnology promotes the innovation of "new materials"

The shape characteristics of fullerenes discovered in 1985-containing 60 carbon atoms, like a football-have aroused widespread concern in the scientific community. In 1991, columnar carbon nanotubes were discovered. In January, 2008, Associate Professor Kitura & Hisa Nori Shinohara (Nagoya University) of Nagoya University successfully synthesized a nano-scale metal wire.

Carbon allotropes: diamonds and graphite, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.

Pure gold is prone to oxidation reaction, but a very thin nanowire can exist stably in the air because nano-scale materials have a unique stable structure. In order to observe the internal structure of nanotubes, Associate Professor Bei Puliang conducted solid soft X-ray spectroscopy experiments at BL25SU experimental station in Spring–8. He observed that the absorption of Er by X-rays was unique, thus confirming that ErCl3 line was formed in carbon nanotubes.

Carbon nanotubes in fullerenes look like pods.

ErCL3 structural model (Er atoms in red and CL atoms in green)

Professor Tian Zhuo (University of Tokyo/RIKEN) of Tokyo University and Institute of Physical Chemistry is regarded as the most imaginative and productive polymer chemist in the world. In recent years, he took SPring-8 as an important research tool, and first successfully determined the structure of a new type of conductive graphite nanotubes. Then, he showed with solid evidence that the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of graphite molecules were closely connected in hydrophobic groups, forming tubular spiral molecular pairs. In addition, he also successfully designed a liquid crystal phase with short intermolecular programs. Both research results were published in the Journal American Chemical Society in 2008. In 2009, the design of "bicontinuous cubic liquid crystal materials in discoid molecules" was published on the cover of the magazine of American Chemical Society, and he also won the Polymer Chemistry Award of American Chemical Society.

Professor Takuzo AIDA, a New Graphite Nanotube

11. Develop earthquake observation technology.

With the joint efforts of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Agency of Marine-Earth Science and Technology and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (JASRI), it is found that the deepest part of the earth’s core is made of iron with hexagonal close-packed structure. The state of metallic iron under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature conditions is similar to the state of the earth’s core simulated by ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature. Scientists used SPring-8 high-brightness X-ray to observe the changes of single crystal structure of metallic iron, and found for the first time that the hexagonal close-packed structure was stable under extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure. The analysis of the crystal structure is helpful to the analysis of earthquake observation and greatly strengthens people’s understanding of the formation and development of the core. This achievement was published in the American journal Science on October 15th, 2010.

12. Analyze the gel mechanism of self-assembly from the molecular level.

Recently, a joint research group of The University of Kitakyushu and JARSI announced that the molecular structure of the solvent in the gel state was analyzed on the BL03XU Advanced Soft Materials and BL40B2 Structural Biology II Experimental Station by using SPring-8 high-brightness synchrotron radiation. The research results benefit from organogelator (low molecular weight compound). As long as 1% solvent is added to it, the whole solvent will gel, which will greatly help to prevent environmental pollution caused by offshore oil spill. The paper was published online in the October 2010 issue of Polymer Journal.

Sixth, look forward to the future

The resolution of traditional optical microscope is limited by the wavelength of light, while the wavelength of X-ray is 10,000 times shorter than that of visible light, and the resolution reaches the atomic level, which means that the three-dimensional structure of a single atom in matter can be observed. X-ray is widely used in medical treatment, life science and material science. However, the light generated by X-ray light sources (including synchrotron radiation) is not uniform and the wave fields are inconsistent. Laser can produce uniform light by using a pair of mirrors. This urges scientists to make every effort to explore a new technology to realize a mirrorless laser, that is, XFEL: X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). XFEL is an X-ray that combines the characteristics of free-electron laser. It is called the most promising new light source in the future with the most scientific exploration and discovery value. It is also called "dream light source" and "new dawn of the scientific era". It has the dual characteristics of laser and radiation light, and can work in the whole X-ray band. It is much better than the third generation synchrotron radiation light source in brightness, coherence and time structure, and is internationally recognized as one of the feasible technical routes of the "fourth generation light source".

The United States, Europe and Japan have successively developed XFEL, and raised it to the height of national strategy to deploy and implement it. LCLS(Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA), the first X-ray free electron laser device in the world, came out in 2009. The European Free Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) is jointly participated by DESY of Germany and 11 other European countries. The core project is a 3.4-kilometer underground tunnel, which was officially started on July 1, 2010. It is expected to be completed in 2014 and the first scientific experiment will be conducted in 2015.

SPring-8 has already started the prefabrication and research of XFEL, and the accelerator prototype has successfully produced the first laser beam. In 2006, the XFEL project started. At present, the 700-meter-long 8GeV X-ray free electron laser device is under final construction and is expected to be put into operation in fiscal year 2011. exist

　　Yellow area: accelerator and beam line research and development building, in which the accelerator test prototype is installed.

　　Red area: the location of SPring-8 XFEL device, a joint project of RIKEN and JASRI.

　　Bird’s eye view of SPring-8 XFEL

1. Milestone memorabilia

April 2000: Draft XFEL concept design: compact and low cost.

October 2002: The development of short-time high-magnetic vacuum undulator was completed.

December 2003: The electron gun was successfully developed, with the highest emissivity in the world.

November 2004: XFEL’s R&D team was formed.

January 2005: MEXT, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, reported on the future research and development policy of optical and photonic technology, and XFEL will be established as an important national scientific research project.

April 2005: Development of 250MeV test accelerator was started. The Liberal Democratic Party working group of MEXT, Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, identified the new generation of synchrotron radiation light source as "an important key technology at the national level".

May 2005: XFEL User Committee was established.

November 2005: The first electron beam successfully passed through the test accelerator, and it was confirmed that synchrotron radiation was generated.

December 2005: The Japanese government allocated 2.3 billion yen from the 2006 national budget for the construction and research of XFEL devices.

February 2006: RIKEN and RSAC of SPring-8 Advisory Committee pointed out that the combination of free electron laser XFEL and large synchrotron radiation facility SPing-8 is unique in the world, so Japan should take the lead in the construction of XFEL.

April 2006: RIKEN and JASRI, a Japanese synchrotron radiation facility research institute, set up the XFEL project cooperation office.

June 2006: The laser oscillation of 49nm UV X-ray was successfully completed in the test accelerator, and the light was successfully emitted.

July, 2007: XFEL device was officially started.

March 2009: The accelerator building and the building where the undulator is located were completed.

April 2009: Installation of electron gun, accelerating tube and undulator began.

May 2010: The construction of the experimental building was completed.

2.XFEL facilities

SPring-8′ s X-rays can produce light 10 billion times brighter than the sun, while XFEL produces light 1 billion times brighter than SPring-8, and the pulse is 1000 times shorter than the existing X-ray source. The higher brightness light source enables scientists to observe the three-dimensional structure of atoms and their ultra-fast motion more realistically.

Design parameters:

Electron beam energy: 8 GeV

Electron beam diameter: 40 um

X-ray wavelength: > 0.06 nm

X-ray peak power: 5 GW

X-ray pulse length: < 100fsec

X-ray peak brightness: 1033 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1% b.w. 。

The original quality of electron beam determines the quality of free electron laser. Scientists have specially designed an ultra-high voltage thermal electron gun, which uses a single-crystal cerium-hexabromoboride cathode (CEB 6) to emit a fine, highly collimated and stable electron beam. Then, it is transported into the electron beam compression system, and the peak current will be strengthened to several thousand amperes.

The electron beam energy is rapidly increased to 8GeV by a C-band linear accelerator, and then transported into a vacuum undulator to generate intense XFEL radiation.

　　Electron gun and CeB6 emitter

　　Left: linear accelerator and C-band acceleration structure right: vacuum undulator

C-band linear accelerator was developed by SPring-8 and KEK. C-band acceleration gradient (35MeV/m) greatly shortens the length of the accelerator. The total length was originally an accelerator structure with a precision of 1282mia and micron, and it was finally installed in a tunnel with a length of 400m.

　　C-band linear accelerator

　　Vacuum internal undulator

3. Create new technologies

Coherent X-ray imaging technology: Microscopic images of various materials at atomic level can be obtained.

Imaging process: X-ray laser → sample → coherent scattering mode → phase recovery → clear structure image.

XFEL’s ultrashort pulse can detect the ultrafast motion of matter in femtosecond.

Protein Structure Analysis: The analysis of new materials will surely lead to the birth of new functional products in biology and medicine.

Living cell biology: Real-time data acquisition will open a new way for the study of living cells.

Nanotechnology: Ultra-short wave XFEL will help to create new functional materials.

With XFEL, scientists can observe extreme phenomena in astronomy, plasma science and basic physics.

The Institute for Molecular Science, Niigata University, Nagoya University and JASRI/RIKEN of the National Research Institute of Japan jointly studied the intense ultraviolet free electron laser irradiated to argon atoms, and successfully analyzed the specific process of multi-electron emission.

In order to accurately measure the fluctuation in free electron laser, scientists analyzed all the electronic energy of argon atom irradiated by laser pulse at the speed of 20 pulses per second. They found that the absorption of electrons and multiphotons only occurs when the light intensity is very high, and clarified the importance of resonance state in multiphoton absorption. The research results show that the research of nano-science, nano-technology and material preparation can be promoted by using X-free electron laser on the basis of selecting appropriate laser wavelength and corresponding resonance conditions. The paper was published in american physical society’s scientific journal Physical Review Express on September 24th, 2010.

Chinese academy of sciences institute of high-energy physics scientific research Chu Chinese academy of sciences scientific apparatus office

The information comes from http://www.spring8.or.jp/en/.

On the afternoon of December 13th, the unveiling ceremony of Academician Studio of China University of Science and Technology and the symposium on the construction of Academician Studio were held in the lecture hall on the fifth floor of the East Teacher-Student Activity Center of our school, which was presided over by Vice President Dou Xiankang. Academician Yang Xueming, Academician Li Yadong, Academician Wan Weixing, Secretary Xu Wu, President Hou Jianguo and Vice President Changfei Zhu attended the event. Yang Jinlong, Executive Dean of School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Chen Xiaofei, Executive Dean of School of Earth and Space Science, Chu Jiaru, Minister of Human Resources, Luo Xisheng, Director of Science and Technology Division, and members of the academician’s studio attended the event.

　

　

President Hou Jianguo first delivered a speech, welcoming three academicians to join the family of China University of Science and Technology. He pointed out that China University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a university full of vitality and strong academic atmosphere, and has formed a fine tradition of "giving priority to academics and respecting talents" in the long-term running process. The personnel and scientific research departments of the school will provide all-round support for the construction of academician studios and actively do a good job in service. Academician’s Studio will become a characteristic platform for scientific research and personnel training in our university. The three academicians will use this platform to actively promote the development of related disciplines in our university, further enhance the characteristics and advantages of disciplines, effectively unite the research strength of relevant departments, and play a leading role in the construction of talent teams in related fields, leading them to the forefront of international science.

　

　

Subsequently, Secretary Xu Wu and President Hou Jianguo jointly unveiled the Academician Studio. After the unveiling ceremony, Vice President Dou Xiankang presided over a symposium on the construction of academician’s studio. Speaking as a representative of the Academician Studio, Li Yadong pointed out that China University of Science and Technology is a well-known institution at home and abroad, with a good style of study, high-quality students, a down-to-earth atmosphere and interdisciplinary advantages. It makes us feel honored to work in the University of Science and Technology. We have had a long-term cooperative relationship with HKUST before, and the establishment of academician studio will help to better combine our respective team resources with the high-quality resources of HKUST. We regard HKUST as a place to realize our dreams, and will actively contribute to the development of HKUST with our colleagues, strive to enhance the international influence of related disciplines, strive to occupy the high point of the international frontier, and strive to create some new research directions.

　

　

　

　

　

On behalf of their college, Yang Jinlong and Chen Xiaofei indicated that they would fully support the construction of academician’s studio, actively provide follow-up services and cooperate with academicians in all aspects.

　

　

Secretary Xu Wu made a concluding speech. He thanked the three academicians for their long-term support to our school. He emphasized that China University of Science and Technology is an institution that can make hard-working scientific researchers realize their dreams, and the establishment of Academician Studio of China University of Science and Technology embodies the school-running purpose of "academic priority", and the school will give all-round support. We expect the three academicians to lead the members of the academician studio to work together to enhance the international influence of related disciplines in our university in the next few years, and to play a leading role in the international frontier fields, so as to truly realize our common scientific dream.

　

　

　　　　　　　(Human Resources Department/Culture, Press Center/Photo)

　

　

Attached to the academician’s studio and profile:

　

1. Advanced Research Center of Chemical Physics-Academician Yang Xueming’s Studio:

　 Center for Advanced Chemical Physics

　

Chemical physics is a unique traditional dominant discipline in China University of Science and Technology. The newly established Advanced Research Center of Chemical Physics of China University of Science and Technology-Academician Yang Xueming’s Studio will take advantage of the important opportunity of building a national major scientific instrument project-vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser, combine the superior disciplines of chemical physics of HKUST, increase the attraction of high-level young researchers, explore new modes of personnel training and teamwork, develop internationally advanced dynamic experimental methods and technologies based on advanced spectroscopy methods, and promote the construction of chemical physics with important international influence.

　

Introduction of Academician Yang Xueming:

　

　

Physical chemist. Researcher, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Born in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province in October 1962. He graduated from the Physics Department of Zhejiang Normal University in July 1982, obtained a master’s degree from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences in January 1986, and received a doctorate from the University of California, Santa Barbara in August 1991. He was a lifelong researcher at Taiwan Province Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences. He is currently the editor-in-chief of China Chemical Physics and the senior editor of the Journal of Physical Chemistry (JPC) of the American Chemical Society. In 2011, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. He is mainly engaged in the experimental research of chemical reaction kinetics, and has won the Asian Achievement Award of the Overseas Chinese Physics Society, the second prize of the National Natural Science Award, the Chen Jiageng Chemical Science Award and the Humboldt Research Award.

　

2. Nanocatalysis Research Center-Academician Li Yadong’s Studio:

　Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis

The microstructure and size, adjustable morphology, unique electronic structure and surface-interface effect of nanocrystals make it possible for them to be used in catalytic reactions, which may have excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in theory. The newly established Nano-catalysis Research Center of China University of Science and Technology-Academician Li Yadong’s Studio will conduct research on the design and preparation of new catalytic materials such as metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds nanocrystals and metal clusters, aiming at opening up new research fields of nano-metal organic catalytic reactions, establishing the essential relationship between traditional homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis of metal complexes, discovering new catalysts and their catalytic new reactions and revealing their mechanisms. Strive to build a domestic nano-catalytic research center with core competitiveness and influence in three years, and develop into an internationally renowned nano-catalytic research center within five years. Through interdisciplinary and team building, a group of outstanding young talents will be trained.

　

Brief introduction of Academician Li Yadong:

　

　

Inorganic chemist. Professor Tsinghua University. Born in November 1964 in susong county, Anhui Province. He graduated from the Chemistry Department of Anhui Normal University in July 1986, and received his master’s degree and doctor’s degree from China University of Science and Technology in July 1991 and June 1998 respectively. He is currently the director of Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry, the deputy editor-in-chief of Nano Research and the deputy editor-in-chief of Science Bulletin. In 2011, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Mainly engaged in the research of synthetic chemistry of inorganic nano-materials, and won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award.

　

3. Ionospheric Advanced Research Center-Academician Wan Weixing’s Studio:

　 Advanced Research Center for Ionospheric Science

　

With the progress of space science and technology, human activities have expanded from near-earth atmosphere to earth space and outer space, so it is very important to further understand the influence of space environment on human space activities. Academician Wan Weixing’s Studio, the newly established ionospheric advanced research center of China University of Science and Technology, is a center for ionospheric observation, research and application based on the superior disciplines of the middle and upper atmosphere, the sun and the magnetosphere of HKUST, combined with the new development of ionospheric research and ionospheric exploration in the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, and made use of the advantages of "combination of departments" to carry out collaborative innovation. Strive to use about five years to build it into an ionospheric research center with international influence and the highest research level in the world, and cultivate a research team led by outstanding young talents.

　

Brief introduction of Academician Wan Weixing:

　

　

Space physicist. Researcher, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, China Academy of Sciences. Born in Tianmen City, Hubei Province in July 1958. He graduated from the Department of Space Physics of Wuhan University in 1982, received a master’s degree from Wuhan Institute of Physics of China Academy of Sciences in 1984, and received a doctorate from Wuhan Institute of Physics of China Academy of Sciences in 1989. In 2011, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Mainly engaged in basic research in the fields of ionospheric physics, ionospheric radio wave propagation, upper atmospheric physics, etc., and made important breakthroughs and series of achievements in the research of major scientific issues such as the coupling between ionosphere and atmosphere.

Bulletin of Chongqing Health and Health Commission, October 5, 0&mdash; At 2400 hours, there were 13 newly confirmed local cases in Chongqing, including 3 cases in Shapingba District, 1 case in Wanzhou District, 1 case in Jiulongpo District, 1 case in Hechuan District and 1 case in Tongliang District, all of which were found among the quarantine control personnel. There were 6 cases in Wushan county, 5 cases were found among the isolation and control personnel, and 1 case was converted from asymptomatic infection to confirmed case. There were 24 new cases of asymptomatic local infections, including 5 cases in Xiushan County, 3 cases in Pengshui County, 2 cases in Nan ‘an District, 2 cases in Bishan District, 2 cases in Fengdu County, 2 cases in Wushan County, 1 case in Yubei District, 1 case in Changshou District, 1 case in Hechuan District and 1 case in Tongnan District, all of which were found among the quarantine control personnel. 4 cases in Dianjiang county were found in nucleic acid detection of key personnel. Medical observation on relieving a native asymptomatic infected person (Shapingba District).

As of 24: 00 on October 5th, there were 32 confirmed cases in Chongqing (1 case in Beibei District, 1 case in jiangjin district, 2 cases in Nan ‘an District, 2 cases in Fuling District, 1 case in Banan District, 3 cases in Pengshui County, 2 cases in Wanzhou District, 6 cases in Shapingba District, 2 cases in Qijiang District, 1 case in Nanchuan District, 1 case in Bishan District, 1 case in Rongchang District, 6 cases in Wushan County and 9 cases in Jiulongpo). At present, there are 48 local asymptomatic infected people (2 cases in Shapingba District, 3 cases in Changshou District, 1 case in dadukou district, 1 case in jiangjin district, 1 case in Liangping District, 1 case in Beibei District, 5 cases in Hechuan District, 1 case in Dazu District, 3 cases in Fengdu County, 6 cases in Xiushan County, 6 cases in Yubei District, 5 cases in Pengshui County, 1 case in Yuzhong District, 3 cases in Nan ‘an District, 2 cases in Wushan County, 2 cases in Bishan District, and 3 cases in Yubei District.

October 5th 0&mdash; At 2400 hours, there were no newly imported confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected persons in Chongqing.

As of 24: 00 on October 5th, Chongqing has imported 10 confirmed cases (3 from Italy, 1 from Spain, 4 from Singapore, 1 from Hong Kong, China and 1 from Thailand) and 11 asymptomatic infected persons (1 from Italy, 1 from Hong Kong, China, 3 from Singapore, 5 from Spain and 1 from Laos).

The basic situation of newly confirmed local cases and asymptomatic local infected people in Chongqing on October 5 is as follows:

I. Wushan County

The confirmed cases 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in Wushan County are all returnees from key areas outside the city. On October 5th, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as COVID-19 confirmed cases (light cases) after consultation by the expert group.

The 6 confirmed cases in Wushan County are asymptomatic infected persons reported in Wushan County on October 4th. On October 5th, due to the change of illness, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 after consultation by the expert group.

2 asymptomatic infected persons and 3 asymptomatic infected persons in Wushan county are all returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people after consultation by the expert group.

Second, Xiushan County

Asymptomatic infected persons in Xiushan County 2, asymptomatic infected persons 3, asymptomatic infected persons 4, asymptomatic infected persons 5 and asymptomatic infected persons 6 are all close contacts of asymptomatic infected persons 1 in Xiushan County. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people after consultation by the expert group.

Third, Dianjiang County

Asymptomatic infected persons in Dianjiang County 1, asymptomatic infected persons 2, asymptomatic infected persons 3 and asymptomatic infected persons 4 are all returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people after consultation by the expert group.

4. Shapingba District

Confirmed cases 4, 5 and 6 in Shapingba District are all returnees from key areas outside the city. On October 5th, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as COVID-19 confirmed cases (light cases) after consultation by the expert group.

V. Pengshui County

Asymptomatic infected persons in Pengshui County 3, asymptomatic infected persons 4 and asymptomatic infected persons 5 are all returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people after consultation by the expert group.

VI. Nan ‘an District

2 asymptomatic infected persons and 3 asymptomatic infected persons in Nan ‘an District are all returned to Chongqing from key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people after consultation by the expert group.

Seven, Hechuan District

The confirmed case 1 in Hechuan District is a person who returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5th, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 after consultation by the expert group.

There are 5 asymptomatic infected people in Hechuan district, who are returning to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, the patient was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection after consultation by the expert group.

Eight, Bishan District

Asymptomatic infected persons in Bishan District 1 and asymptomatic infected persons 2 are all returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people after consultation by the expert group.

Nine, Fengdu County

2 asymptomatic infected persons and 3 asymptomatic infected persons in Fengdu County are all returnees from key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging characteristics and clinical symptoms, they were all diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people after consultation by the expert group.

X. Wanzhou District

The confirmed case 2 in Wanzhou District is a person who has returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5th, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 after consultation by the expert group.

Xi. Jiulongpo District

The confirmed case 1 in Jiulongpo District is a person who returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5th, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 after consultation by the expert group.

XII. Yubei District

There are 6 asymptomatic infected people in Yubei District, who are returning to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, the patient was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection after consultation by the expert group.

Thirteen, longevity area

There are 4 asymptomatic infected people in Changshou district, who are returning to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, the patient was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection after consultation by the expert group.

XIV. Tongliang District

The confirmed case 1 in Tongliang District is a person who returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5th, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 after consultation by the expert group.

Fifteen, Tongnan District

No.1 asymptomatic infected person in Tongnan District is a person who has returned to Chongqing in key areas outside the city. On October 5, according to the laboratory examination results, imaging features and clinical symptoms, the patient was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection after consultation by the expert group.

In the infusion room of Ningxia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, there are many small patients treated by infusion.

From November 24th to 25th, the reporter visited many hospitals in Yinchuan and found that the pediatric consulting rooms and infusion rooms of major hospitals were crowded with children with fever and cough. Among them, many children have "mycoplasma pneumonia" which has been frequently searched recently. Many citizens are worried about this: what disease is mycoplasma pneumonia? How to prevent and treat it? The reporter interviewed pediatric experts from relevant institutions and hospitals.

The incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection by disease control experts this year did not exceed the level in 2019.

Gong Rui, chief of the infectious disease prevention and control department of Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said in an interview that mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is a common respiratory pathogen and a microorganism between virus and bacteria. Its incubation period is relatively long, and most of the symptoms are mild, and only a few people will develop into severe diseases. "This disease has a periodic epidemic every three to seven years. Our tests on some sentinel hospitals have found that the incidence rate this year has indeed increased compared with last year, but it has not exceeded the level in 2019."

"In community-acquired pneumonia, this is a common pathogen, not a new and rare disease, nor a terrible pneumonia. Therefore, this is just a common disease, and it is a common disease. You don’t have to panic. " Gong Rui said that at present, mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is on the rise. One of the reasons is that in the process of fighting the COVID-19 epidemic in the past three years, the people have done a relatively good job in respiratory protection measures such as wearing masks, and the overall incidence of respiratory infections has shown a downward trend. After the epidemic control is released this year, it is inevitable that mycoplasma infection will increase in autumn and winter when respiratory diseases are on the rise. Most people infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae are children over 5 years old. This kind of respiratory infection will cause great infection in the population. If there is close contact and no corresponding protective measures are taken, children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae will also transmit this mycoplasma to adults.

Pediatric experts have a good effect in treating mycoplasma pneumonia with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

"Since July this year, the number of children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae has gradually increased, especially in the past month, the number of children with mycoplasma pneumonia has increased significantly. There are 150 beds in the fourth-floor ward of general pediatrics in our hospital, and all of them are full at present, most of them are children with respiratory tract infection, and more than half of the children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. " Li Lei, deputy director of the General Pediatrics Department of Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, said that the symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are similar to those of most pneumonia, with fever and cough as the main clinical symptoms, accompanied by headache, runny nose, sore throat and earache. At present, the training and treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia are standardized, and there are scientific guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, which can be accepted by many secondary hospitals and community hospitals.

"Some children have severe immune reactions and mixed infections, which will cause refractory diseases. But don’t worry, there are still many ways to treat the symptoms. If it is refractory mycoplasma pneumonia, such as azithromycin resistance, we can change the dressing and replace it with other types of antibacterial drugs. If it is a compound infection, other antibacterial drugs can be added. If it is caused by abnormal immune response, it can be treated with glucocorticoid, and if necessary, it can be treated with immunoglobulin. " Li Lei said that infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae does not necessarily cause pneumonia, and only when mycoplasma pneumoniae invades the lower respiratory tract can mycoplasma pneumonia occur.

The reporter saw in the pediatric clinic of Ningxia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine that there were also many children who came to see a doctor. Wang Huimin, the chief pediatrician of the hospital, said that there is no need to panic about mycoplasma pneumonia in children, and Chinese medicine has some special treatments. "For mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, as well as high fever, cough, pneumonia, etc., Chinese medicine combined with children’s physique, using decoction or external treatment, can achieve good results." Wang Huimin said that the 2023 edition of "Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children" mentioned that according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, mycoplasma pneumonia can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine such as clearing heat and dispersing lung. In addition to oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine, there are many distinctive external treatments for mycoplasma pneumonia and other respiratory infectious diseases. For example, massage for children, acupoint application, cupping by suction, fumigation and washing with traditional Chinese medicine, pricking collaterals and bloodletting. "If the child has mycoplasma pneumonia, azithromycin should be used. Chinese medicine believes that antibiotics belong to cold substances, and cold is easy to hurt the spleen and stomach. You can take some dietotherapy to care for your child’s spleen and stomach and improve your resistance. " Wang Huimin said.

The hospital takes many measures to alleviate the problem of difficulty in seeing a doctor and hospitalization

At present, mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is not only threatening, but also the season of high incidence of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory diseases. Pediatric clinics in major hospitals are overcrowded. Many parents are worried that if they go to the hospital now, they will not be able to see the disease and live in the hospital. In this regard, the reporter learned that at present, all major hospitals in Yinchuan have taken active measures to deal with the peak of pediatric visits.

Zhao Guiqin, chief physician of pediatrics and deputy director of general pediatrics of the First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan City, told the reporter that autumn and winter are the seasons of high incidence of respiratory infections every year, and the hospital has prepared four countermeasures in advance. First of all, in the outpatient clinic, the appointment registration method is adopted, and the plus sign is added at any time according to the number of patients. Secondly, increase the number of pediatric clinics and sitting doctors, increase the previous general pediatric clinic to two general pediatric clinics in the morning and two general pediatric clinics in the afternoon, and have a pediatric specialist clinic every day. The pediatric emergency department of the hospital is also open 24 hours a day. Third, in order to improve the patient’s medical environment and make the people feel less crowded, the hospital expanded the waiting area on the second floor of pediatrics; In order to solve the problem of pediatric infusion, the hospital transferred the work of adult infusion to the community, and all the infusion rooms on the second floor of the emergency building gave way to pediatric patients; In order to solve the shortage of pediatric hospitalization, on the basis of the original 41 beds, 24 beds were added on the seventh floor, and they were adjusted at any time according to the situation of children. Fourth, in recent years, hospitals have opened holiday clinics and evening clinics to meet the medical needs of the masses on weekends and after school.

On the morning of November 25th, Wang Aiping, deputy director of general pediatrics department of Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, was busy in the clinic. She told reporters that in order to cope with the peak of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the hospital has increased the number of outpatient clinics and the number of doctors since September. All the doctors in the children’s health department of the hospital are involved in the work of pediatric outpatient clinics. At present, the number of pediatric outpatient clinics has increased from 9 to 15. In mid-October this year, the hospital started the evening clinic again, and it was normal from 18: 00 to 22: 00. With the increase of hospitalized children, on the basis of 140 conventional beds in pediatrics, 14 beds on the first floor have been added, and at the same time, beds in pediatric wards have been appropriately increased according to the situation to meet the needs of hospitalized children as much as possible. "We have also increased the number of observation beds in the emergency department. If the patient is seriously ill and cannot be admitted to the hospital for a while, he will be temporarily placed under observation in the emergency observation room. The next day, the doctor in the pediatric inpatient department will go to the emergency observation room to evaluate, and those who need to be admitted to the hospital will be given priority to ensure that the children who need hospitalization will be admitted to the hospital as soon as possible. In short, we are ready for a long-term battle and go all out to cope with the peak of medical treatment. Parents don’t have to be too anxious. " Wang Aiping said.

In addition, the reporter learned that in order to facilitate the residents to seek medical treatment nearby, the Health and Wellness Committee of the Autonomous Region has collected and sorted out the medical institutions that can provide pediatric diagnosis and treatment services in the whole region, and published a list of 81 medical institutions on the official website and WeChat WeChat official account, including the addresses of branches of 3A hospitals and hospitals in cities and counties, whether there are outpatient and emergency services, whether they can be hospitalized by infusion, etc., so as to facilitate the people to choose a suitable hospital nearby for timely treatment. (Reporter Shang Lingbin/Wen Wei Guochang/Figure)

DecreeNo. 220th of the People’s Government of Yunnan Province "Measures for the Administration of Rural Water Supply in Yunnan Province" has been adopted at the 100th executive meeting of the 13th Provincial People’s Government on February 8, 2021, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of May 1, 2021.

Provincial Governor Wang Yubo

February 27, 2021

Measures for the administration of rural water supply in Yunnan Province

Chapter I General Principles

the first　In order to strengthen the management of rural water supply and ensure the safety of rural drinking water, these measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Law, the Regulations on the Management of Water Conservancy Projects in Yunnan Province and other laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation of this province.

the second　These Measures shall apply to rural water supply planning, engineering construction management and protection, water source protection and water quality guarantee, water supply and water use and related supervision and management activities within the administrative region of this province.

The term "rural water supply" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the activities of supplying domestic water to rural residents and units by using rural water supply projects outside the coverage of urban water supply network. Rural water supply projects include centralized water supply projects and decentralized water supply projects.

Article　Rural water supply adheres to the principles of government leadership, social participation, unified planning, strict economy, safety and hygiene, and promotes public service, large-scale development, standardization construction, market-oriented operation and professional management.

Article 4　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the leadership of rural water supply, implement the responsibility system of the chief executive for rural drinking water safety, incorporate rural water supply into the local national economic and social development plan, increase investment, and improve rural drinking water conditions.

Article 5　The water administrative department of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and management of rural water supply within their respective administrative areas.

The departments of development and reform, finance, natural resources, ecological environment, agriculture and rural areas, housing and urban construction, sanitation and health, forestry and grass of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the work related to rural water supply in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

Township (town) people’s governments and sub-district offices shall be responsible for the relevant work of rural water supply management within their respective administrative areas in accordance with regulations.

Article 6　People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments should strengthen the propaganda work of water source protection and water conservation, and improve the awareness of drinking water safety of rural residents.

Article 7　All units and individuals have the obligation to protect rural water supply sources and water supply projects, and have the right to stop and report illegal acts that pollute water quality and destroy rural water supply projects.

Chapter II Planning and Construction

Article 8　The water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the departments of development and reform, finance, natural resources, ecological environment, agriculture and rural areas, housing and urban construction, sanitation and health, forestry and grass, prepare rural water supply plans, organize their implementation after approval by the people’s government at the same level, and report them to the water administrative department of the people’s government at the next higher level for the record.

Rural water supply planning should be linked with land spatial planning, urban water supply planning, village planning and other relevant planning. In accordance with the principle of overall planning, focusing on key points and adapting to local conditions, centralized water supply should be given priority to and decentralized water supply should be supplemented to improve rural water supply system, strengthen water source protection and water quality guarantee, and promote the integrated development of urban and rural water supply.

When the approved rural water supply planning needs to be adjusted, it shall be approved by the original approval authority in accordance with the procedures for the preparation of rural water supply planning and reported to the original filing authority for the record.

Article 9　New construction, renovation and expansion of rural water supply projects shall conform to the rural water supply planning, and the project declaration and approval procedures shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the province.

Article 10　Rural water supply project is a public welfare infrastructure. The construction of rural water supply projects is mainly based on government investment, and social investment, donations and labor are encouraged to build rural water supply projects.

Article 11　The survey, design, construction and supervision of centralized water supply projects shall be undertaken by units with corresponding qualifications and conform to relevant national and provincial technical standards and norms.

Pipes and equipment used in rural water supply projects shall meet the requirements of relevant national standards on product quality, health and safety, environmental protection and energy conservation.

Article 12　The construction land of rural water supply project is used as the land for public welfare infrastructure, and the people’s governments at or above the county level shall give priority to ensuring the supply of land and go through the relevant formalities in accordance with the provisions.

Article 13　After the completion of the rural water supply project, it shall be accepted in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the province, and shall not be put into use without acceptance or unqualified acceptance.

Chapter III Management and Maintenance

Article 14　The rural water supply project shall determine the property right according to the principle of who invests and who owns it or according to the wishes of the investor.

The people’s governments at or above the county level or their authorized administrative departments shall, in accordance with the law, register the ownership and use right of rural water supply projects and issue ownership certificates.

Article 15　Under the premise of not changing the basic purpose of the project, the centralized water supply project can be separated from the management right, and the owner can determine the water supply unit through contracting, leasing and entrusted management according to law, and be responsible for the project management and maintenance.

Encourage the formation of regional and specialized water supply units, and implement unified management and maintenance of rural water supply projects.

Article 16　The transfer of the right to operate rural water supply projects whose property rights are owned by the state shall conform to the relevant provisions of the supervision and administration of state-owned assets.

The income from the government investment in rural water supply projects shall be earmarked for the construction and management of rural water supply projects.

Article 17　The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the provisions, give preferential treatment to the operation of rural water supply projects in terms of electricity consumption and taxation.

Article 18　The water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, jointly with relevant departments, organize the delineation of the management scope and protection scope of rural water supply projects, which shall be announced after approval by the people’s government at the corresponding level.

The management scope and protection scope of the approved rural water supply project shall be marked with boundary markers and bulletin boards by the owners or water supply units of the rural water supply project.

Article 19　Within 30 meters of the purification and disinfection facilities, pumping stations and reservoirs of centralized water supply projects, it is forbidden to pile up garbage and other pollutants, and it is forbidden to build seepage toilets, seepage pits, sewage channels and other living and production facilities that affect water quality.

Article 20　Engaged in engineering construction or other activities, which may affect the safety of rural water supply projects, the construction unit shall negotiate with the water supply unit and take safety protection measures according to the requirements of the water supply unit. If the water supply project is damaged, the water supply unit shall organize the emergency repair, and the expenses required shall be borne by the responsible person; If losses are caused, the responsible person shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Chapter IV Water Sources and Water Quality

Article 21　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall reasonably arrange and distribute rural water supply sources, and allocate water supply sources according to the principle of unified dispatching and development of surface water and groundwater and priority of surface water.

Article 22　People’s governments at the county level shall set up clear geographical landmarks and obvious warning signs at the boundary of drinking water source protection areas to strengthen the protection of rural water supply sources.

Article 23　People’s governments at or above the county level shall organize ecological and environmental departments to investigate and evaluate the environmental conditions and pollution risks of drinking water source protection areas, recharge areas of groundwater drinking water sources and surrounding areas of water supply units, screen possible pollution risk factors, and take corresponding risk prevention measures.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments of ecological environment, water administration, health and other departments to monitor and evaluate the drinking water safety status of rural water supply sources, water supply units and tap water quality of water users within their respective administrative areas, and take timely measures if any abnormality is found.

Article 24　The ecological environment, water administration, health and other departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen cooperation, establish an information sharing mechanism, share information about rural water supply projects and water quality monitoring, and jointly do a good job in rural water supply source protection and water quality monitoring in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

The water quality testing institutions affiliated to the health and water administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall bear the expenses for carrying out water quality testing according to the plan, and shall not charge water supply units.

Article 25　Water supply units shall set up water purification and disinfection facilities, use water supply safety products and disinfection products that meet the national standards, establish and improve the water quality testing system, and ensure that the water quality meets the national drinking water hygiene standards.

Water supply units should do a good job in water quality testing of water intakes and outlets. If it is found that the water quality of the water intake does not meet the drinking water source quality standard or the water quality of the water outlet does not meet the drinking water hygiene standard, it shall take corresponding measures in time and report to the water administrative department of the local people’s government at the city or county level.

Water supply units that do not have the ability to detect water quality shall entrust institutions with corresponding qualifications to conduct regular testing.

Chapter V Water Supply and Water Use

Article 26　The centralized water supply project implements the paid use system for water supply. The water supply of decentralized water supply project shall be determined separately according to the actual situation and the principle of one thing and one discussion.

Article 27　The water price of domestic water in rural areas shall be reasonably determined according to the principle of cost compensation and fair burden, and shall be reasonably adjusted according to factors such as water supply cost, cost change and water users’ affordability. Where conditions permit, a two-part water price system can be gradually implemented, which collects water charges according to the basic water quantity and the practical water quantity exceeding the basic water quantity.

Article 28　The people’s governments at the county level shall increase the investment in the maintenance of rural water supply projects and subsidize rural water supply projects with water prices lower than the operating costs.

Article 29　If centralized water supply project really needs to stop water supply due to construction or equipment maintenance, the water supply unit shall notify the water users 24 hours before stopping water supply. If it is estimated that the normal water supply cannot be restored for more than 48 consecutive hours, the water supply unit shall take emergency water supply measures to ensure the domestic water demand of water users. If the water supply is interrupted due to natural disasters or emergencies, the water supply unit shall immediately take disposal measures and notify the water users.

Article 30　Water supply units shall comply with the following provisions:

(a) regular maintenance and maintenance of water supply facilities to ensure the safety and stability of water supply;

(two) to take measures to ensure that the water supply quantity, quality and water pressure meet the national standards;

(3) Metering and collecting water charges according to the approved or agreed price;

(four) the establishment of water supply accident emergency telephone, and announced to the public, accept the supervision of water users.

Article 31　Water users shall perform the following obligations:

(a) to pay water charges in accordance with the provisions, and shall not be in arrears or refuse to pay;

(two) shall not misappropriate water supply or change the nature of water use without authorization;

(three) shall not be removed or damaged without authorization, such as water meters and other metering equipment.

Article 32　City and county people’s governments shall organize the preparation of emergency plans for rural water supply emergencies.

The water supply unit shall, according to the local rural water supply emergency plan, formulate the corresponding emergency plan, report it to the local city and county people’s government for the record, and conduct regular drills.

Article 33　Water pollution accidents occur in rural water supply sources, or other unexpected events that may affect the safety of drinking water occur. Water supply units shall take emergency measures, report to the local people’s governments at the city and county levels, and make them public. The relevant people’s government shall, according to the situation, start the emergency plan in time and take effective measures to ensure the safety of water supply.

Chapter VI Legal Liability

Article 34　Staff of people’s governments at all levels and relevant departments who neglect their duties, abuse their powers or engage in malpractices for selfish ends in rural water supply work shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 35　In violation of the provisions of article nineteenth of these measures, the water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to stop the illegal act and make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, a fine of 5000 yuan or more and 20 thousand yuan or less shall be imposed.

Article 36　Violation of the provisions of these measures, these measures have not been punished, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 37　The meanings of the following terms in these Measures:

(1) Centralized water supply project refers to a water supply project that takes water from a water source in a centralized way, and after necessary purification and disinfection, it is uniformly transported to water users or centralized water supply points through a water distribution network;

(2) Decentralized water supply projects refer to water supply projects in which scattered households use simple facilities or tools to directly take water from water sources.

Article 38　These Measures shall come into force as of May 1, 2021.

　　Cctv newsOn October 27th, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Xiangtan City, Hunan Province reported the investigation and handling of the illegal payment of subsidies for Tianjin by the No.1 Commercial Office, the Vegetable and Meat Office, the Catering Office, the Electronic Office, the Light Industry Office and the Machinery Office. Twelve leading cadres at or above the deputy division level involved in the case violated the relevant regulations and paid subsidies for Tianjin in the name of duty subsidies, subsidies for maintaining stability and conference fees for restructuring work during the "two sessions", and were put on file for review and punished by party discipline and discipline.

　　How to issue subsidies, subsidies or benefits is not a violation of discipline? Let’s make clear the difference between these concepts &mdash; &mdash;

　　salaryRefers to the labor remuneration paid by the employer to the laborer in the form of money according to the relevant provisions of the state or the labor contract.

　　allowanceRefers to the form of wage supplement to compensate employees for labor consumption and extra expenses of living expenses under special conditions.

　　subsidyIt is a variety of subsidies paid to ensure that the wage level of employees is not affected by price increases or changes.

　　Simply put, allowances and subsidies are included in wages. There is no difference between subsidies and subsidies in essence, but subsidies are subsidies for daily living expenses, focusing on life; The allowance is the compensation for extra and special labor consumption, focusing on productivity.

　　How to pay the allowance without violating the rules?

　　high subsidies

　　According to the Management Measures for Heatstroke Prevention and Cooling Measures revised in 2012, if the employer arranges the workers to engage in outdoor open-air operations in high-temperature weather above 35℃ and cannot take effective measures to reduce the workplace temperature below 33℃, it shall pay high-temperature allowance to the workers.

　　Overtime allowance

　　Overtime pay is a legal obligation set by the law to the employer, but overtime allowance is different. It is a welfare system set by the employer to the employees of the enterprise. There is no mandatory requirement for overtime allowance by the law. The employer can decide whether to set up and implement the overtime allowance system according to the business characteristics and the needs of the enterprise.　

　　Overtime allowance shall be subject to the principle of "no refund for more and no compensation for less"When the actual overtime pay is higher than the overtime allowance, the employer shall pay it according to the actual overtime pay; When the actual overtime pay is lower than the overtime allowance standard, the employer can pay according to the overtime allowance standard stipulated in the enterprise.

　　The question is, is there any overtime allowance for civil servants who work overtime? According to the provisions of Article 76 of the Civil Service Law, if civil servants work overtime outside the statutory working days, they shall be given corresponding compensatory time off, unless otherwise specified. Except for police, court and procuratorate staff.

　　In other words, civil servants (except the public security system) do not pay overtime pay for overtime work, but can arrange compensatory time off; The staff of police, courts and procuratorates can be subsidized according to the regulations if they work overtime.

　　Night shift allowance

　　Night shift allowance is an allowance standard to ensure the health of workers engaged in production at night and arouse the enthusiasm of frontline workers. Night shift usually refers to the situation in which an enterprise arranges workers to work for 2 hours or more from 22: 00 to 6: 00 the next day.

　　With regard to the night shift allowance, the state has not issued any relevant regulations, and various localities have issued corresponding standards, but the situation is uneven. Some provinces and cities, such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Fujian and other places, still implement the standards of the 1990s. Some provinces and cities, such as Tianjin, adjusted the night shift allowance standard in time according to social development.

　　Maternity allowance

　　Maternity allowance is the salary paid by maternity insurance fund to female employees during childbirth, that is, maternity leave salary. During the period of maternity leave, the unit may not pay their wages, and the wages during this period will be paid by the maternity insurance fund.

　　If the maternity allowance is higher than my maternity leave wage standard, the employer shall not deduct it; if the maternity allowance is lower than my maternity leave wage standard, the difference shall be made up by the employer. The amount of maternity allowance is directly related to the average monthly salary of workers in the unit where they work last year. The calculation method is:Maternity allowance = (the average monthly salary of employees in the previous year) ÷30× the specified number of holiday days.

　　old age allowance

　　Old age allowance is a social security system for the elderly. At present, most provinces in China have introduced the subsidy policy of old age allowance, and most provinces issue old age allowance or nutrition fee to local registered elderly people over 80 years old.

　　What other benefits are available?

　　In July 2014, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Funds Revenue and Expenditure of Grass-roots Trade Unions, proposing that grass-roots trade unions can distribute a small amount of holiday condolences to all employees on holidays. Not long ago, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued the Supplementary Notice, which made more explicit provisions on some practical issues. For example, for the first time, it was made clear that "New Year’s Day" refers to seven statutory holidays stipulated by the state, including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Labor Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day.

　　According to the regulations, the following benefits can be paid:

　　These expenses can’t be!

　　At the same time, it is clear that the following expenses cannot be:

　　1. Buy shopping cards, vouchers, etc., and engage in activities such as treating guests and giving gifts;

　　2, illegal spamming allowances, subsidies, bonuses;

　　3. Pay for high-consumption entertainment and fitness activities;

　　4. Set up a "small treasury" in violation of regulations;

　　5. Incorporate the trade union account into the unit administrative account, which makes the trade union expenditure out of control;

　　6. Interception and misappropriation of trade union funds;

　　7. Participate in illegal fund-raising activities or provide economic guarantee for illegal fund-raising activities;

　　8. Reimbursement of expenses unrelated to trade union activities.

　　BEIJING, May 16 (Xinhua) Title: Guqin producer in Guangxi farmhouse: Going to Taiwan Province to bring his craft back to his hometown.

　　Author Liu Juncong Huang Lijie

　　In a field manor in Liujiang District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, firewood for cooking by the fireside is sizzling. At this time, Wei Xing held a brush and skillfully painted the guqin blank with "big paint" over and over again. This is a natural paint made from plants, and only the traditional guqin production will go through this important process step.

　　Born in 1985, Wei Xing is a guqin producer who has been studying guqin production for more than three years. She studied guzheng in the Conservatory of Music at the university, and never imagined that she would get involved with the guqin one day and become the inheritor of the production skills of this ancient musical instrument.

　　In the 2008 Olympic Games, an ethereal guqin piece "The Legacy of Taikoo" echoed over the "Bird’s Nest" Stadium, attracting the attention of the whole world, including Wei Xing, who just graduated from college. "At that time, I was fascinated by its unique timbre. Before the song of the Olympic Games was played, almost no one knew guqin, and many people would mistake guqin for guzheng, so it was very difficult to learn it. " Wei Xing said.

　　As a last resort, Wei Xing at that time could only teach himself to play guqin with the help of relevant textbooks. With the rapid development of playing skills, Wei Xing became more and more fond of this ancient instrument. In 2015, while visiting relatives in Taiwan Province, Wei Xing met Lin Lizheng, a well-known local guqin producer. This coincidence made guqin completely change Wei Xing’s life.

　　"At that time, I wanted to worship Master Lin as a teacher and learn the production process of Guqin. But master Lin watched a girl film of mine, but he didn’t agree anyway. In the end, it was a long time before the master reluctantly accepted me as an apprentice. After I really got started, I discovered that guqin production is not an easy task. " Wei Xing said.

　　Wei Xing said that the production of guqin should strictly follow the tradition and the process is complicated. Just the process of painting surface polishing needs to be polished step by step and repeatedly by hand. "The key point of this process is not to use force, but to polish it gently. Brothers and sisters joked that they should’ not eat for three days’ before starting polishing, so the intensity is just right. " Weixing laughed.

　　The tedious and boring production process, coupled with the master’s high-standard production requirements, made this girl who had left her hometown once think of giving up. However, an extremely harsh rebuke from the master made Wei Xing’s psychological defense completely collapse.

　　"At that time, I immediately wanted to pack my bags and go home. But then I calmed down and thought about it carefully. If I don’t learn this skill, then this instrument is very likely to be lost in the future. " With the comfort of brothers and sisters, Wei Xing picked up the carving knife again. "Learning to make guqin is also tempering and practicing, which has taught me meditation." She said.

　　Three years later, Wei Xing bid farewell to his master and classmates, and returned to his hometown successfully. Wei Xing, who had a "garden dream" since childhood, rented a farmhouse quadrangle in the suburbs of Liuzhou and engaged in guqin production in a beautiful and secluded environment every day. She said that it takes one to two years to make each guqin. At present, she has completed a number of customized guqin works, and the price ranges from 10,000 yuan.

　　It is understood that the history of guqin can be traced back to the pre-Qin period, and it has a history of at least 3,000 years. Its timbre is low and its aftertaste is long. As a musical instrument with high cultural status in ancient China, Guqin has been a bridge for many scholars to exchange ideas since ancient times, and it is known as "scholars never withdraw their harps and instruments without reason".

　　After years of silence, Guqin has once again attracted the attention and love of China people, and has gradually become one of the teaching subjects in major music colleges in recent two years. "The domestic environment is slowly getting better, and more and more people are beginning to learn about this ancient musical instrument from me. I am glad to see that it has not been forgotten." Wei Xing said.

　　At present, Wei Xing has also opened guqin playing classes for adults and teenagers, so that more people can feel the charm of the voice of the ages. "Everyone likes it very much, and I will try my best to teach them playing skills. I don’t want this instrument to be lost in our generation." Wei Xing said. (End)