On January 5th, 2024 (the 6th) Haikou International New Energy and Intelligent Networked Automobile Exhibition was grandly opened as scheduled. This year’s auto show was divided into four exhibition halls with a total exhibition area of 60,000 square meters, attracting nearly 90 international mainstream new energy brands to participate in the exhibition, with 500 models on display, which can be described as bursting with popularity and unprecedented pomp.

　　Saic mg

　　As a world-famous automobile brand, the development history of MG is the most important part in the process of automobile industry in Britain and even the world. The Encyclopedia Britannica uses MG to define sports cars. Under the wave of global scientific and technological revolution, relying on the advantages of large-scale and systematization of SAIC’s entire industrial chain, MG has accelerated the transformation of electrification, laid out two major tracks of "high value" and "globalization", and established its position as a world-renowned automobile brand.

　　At this auto show, MG’s highly respected Cyberster was unveiled. The car was officially launched on November 17, and three models were launched. The official guide price was 319,800-359,800 yuan. The front face design of this red sports car is very unique, the front line is pressed very low, and the side design is full of strength, thanks to its two-stage shoulder line design and the "waist-closing" line on the back side of the door panel, and the slightly upturned duck tail is very elegant. The soft-top convertible is composed of three layers of special fabric, which can be opened and closed for 8 seconds in the parking state. In addition, MG also built an exaggerated scissor door for it, with an electric opening and closing angle of 30-76 degrees. Cyberster’s battery capacity is 64kWh and 77kWh respectively, corresponding to cruising range of 501km, 520km and 580km respectively, and the shortest acceleration time can reach 3.2 seconds. It adopts front double wishbone+rear five-bar independent suspension and is equipped with Brembo four-piston brake calipers.

　　Saic roewe

　　Roewe has brought six different new models, and the new Roewe D7 EV just listed at the end of 2023 has become the focus of everyone’s attention.

　　The official guide price of Roewe D7 EV is 149,800-176,800 yuan. The new car is based on the exclusive platform of SAIC Xingyun pure electricity, positioning the pure electric medium-sized car, and also adopting the brand-new design language of Roewe brand. The overall shape of Roewe D7 EV is generous, the middle net is designed in a closed way, and the shape of the light strip is in a blade style, which increases the exquisiteness of the front face, and the side of the car body presents a high smoothness. The existence of the hidden door handle further highlights the attributes of the tram, and the interior adopts the popular minimalist shape. In terms of power, Roewe D7 EV adopts VGA six-in-one motor with a maximum power of 145kW/155kW. In addition, Roewe D7 EV is also equipped with a brand-new Rubik’s Cube battery, which provides two cruising ranges of 510km and 610km under CLTC working conditions.

　　Faw Toyota

　　2023 is a milestone in the electrification of FAW Toyota, and its sales of pure electric vehicles increased by 17 times year-on-year. Among them, bZ pure electric series sold a total of 33,094 vehicles, and bZ3, the "Toyota’s first pure electric car" listed in April, sold 25,927 vehicles, making it one of the outstanding joint venture pure electric cars. There is no doubt that this auto show, pure electric bZ3 attention.

　　The original design that is modern enough gives bZ3 an avant-garde appearance. At the same time, bZ3 also has a wind resistance as low as 0.218. Based on this, the power consumption of bZ3 is as low as 11 degrees per 100 kilometers. In addition, bZ3 has also achieved a longer cruising range. Combined with ultra-low rolling resistance tires, the resistance of the whole vehicle is reduced by 22%, so that the vehicle has a cruising range of 616 kilometers under CLTC working conditions. Today, with the rapid development of intelligence, bZ3 adopts a 12.8-inch floating multimedia navigation system and uses a vertical design, which will be more in line with the user’s habit of using vertical screen mobile phones. The growing AI smart partner "Xiao Fei" can also support Mandarin, Cantonese and Sichuan dialect recognition, and support wakeup-free and 120-second continuous command and natural voice input in various scenarios, which is more convenient to use.

　　Dongfeng Honda

　　Dongfeng Honda also participated in almost all the exhibitions this time, with a total of as many as 9 heavy models on display. Among them, INSPIRE e：PHEV, CRV e：PHEV, E: NS1 and other models are particularly eye-catching.

　　The most worth mentioning is E: NS1. E:NS1 is driven by the front axle motor and the ternary lithium battery pack provided by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, and the pure electric cruising range corresponding to CLTC test conditions is 420km and 510km respectively. In addition, e:NS1 is also equipped with Honda CONNECT 3.0 intelligent guidance interconnection system, which provides AI voice assistant, car home interconnection, OTA upgrade and other functions. The new car will also provide streaming media rearview mirror and DMC driver status awareness, which is a relatively rare hard-core configuration in its kind. At the 2021 Honda China electrification strategy conference, Honda (China) officially released a brand new pure electric vehicle brand — — E:N, and this e:NS1 is the first mass-produced model in this series, which represents the brand’s latest understanding of future travel modes and user demands.

　　smart

　　Since its birth, smart has always led the innovative practice of urban travel, embraced the development and transformation of electrification and intelligence in the automobile industry, and is the first automobile brand in the industry to be fully transformed into pure electricity. At this auto show, smart brought a total of two electrified models #1 and #3.

　　The orange-colored # 3 stands out from the crowd. # 3 launched a total of four models, including Pro+, Pulse four-wheel drive version, Premium and BRABUS performance version, among which BRABUS performance version will be sold in limited edition in 2023. Smart#3 adopts the design style of "new luxury sports aesthetics" and the posture of low-lying coupe SUV, which has both surging muscle tension and elegance and sexiness. The new smart#3 is equipped with a dual-motor intelligent four-wheel drive system. In the "ejection mode", the BRABUS performance version only takes 3.6 seconds to accelerate. In the professional test site, the test score of the new smart Elk #3 reached 82.7km/h, and its smart Pilot Assist driving system can realize 23 intelligent assisted driving functions (including L2+ level).

　　Lincoln

　　The new trend represented by electrification and intelligence is changing consumers’ definition of luxury. As a traditional luxury brand, Lincoln is also facing challenges. On the Lincoln booth, the new Lincoln Navigator hybrid version became the "most beautiful boy". The new Lincoln Navigator hybrid version locates the large-scale American luxury SUV in the whole scene, and the official price range is 368,800-468,800 yuan, claiming to build a "super-long-life luxury car in history".

　　The brand-new Navigator hybrid version has an atmospheric appearance and the shape of air guides on both sides below the elegant light group, highlighting the identity of new energy. With the embracing cockpit design, the 23.6-inch embracing ultra-high-definition screen +11.1-inch central control screen fills up the sense of luxury technology, and integrates the SYNC+3.0 intelligent interconnection system. Thanks to the blessing of FNV3 intelligent interconnection network architecture platform and the help of Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip example, it brings smooth operation. It is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine+motor. The maximum power of the engine is 207kW and the maximum torque is 407 N m. The permanent magnet synchronous motor is used. The total power of the motor is 140kW, the total torque of the motor is 320N·m, the WLTC has a battery life of 1,129 kilometers and the fuel consumption is 6.64 liters per 100 kilometers.

　　BMW

　　At the BMW booth, pure electric BMW i7 and innovative pure electric BMW i5 are highly concerned. These two models are also BMW’s masterpieces in the field of electrification.

　　BMW i7 is the 5th pure electric product brought by BMW Group in China market, and the first pure electric luxury flagship car of BMW in the world. The fifth-generation BMW eDrive electric drive system is applied to the BMW i7, with a battery height of 110 mm and a net capacity of 101.7 kWh. Take i7 xDrive60L as an example, the cruising range under CLTC standard is 650 kilometers. The model is equipped with an upgraded magic carpet intelligent air suspension system, in which the active comfort and anti-tilting function is first applied to BMW models. The innovative pure electric BMW i5 is expected to be officially launched at the end of January. The appearance of the new car continues BMW’s elegant temperament, adopts the popular screen design, and reveals some east wind charm in details. According to previous news, the domestic long-axis i5 will launch four models, namely, i5 eDrive35L luxury suit, i5 eDrive35L M sports suit, i5 eDrive35L exclusive luxury suit and i5 eDrive35L exclusive M sports suit. The new car will be equipped with a rear single motor with a maximum power of 340 HP, and the CLTC will last for 567 kilometers.

　　Dongfeng Nissan

　　At this auto show, Dongfeng Nissan attended with all its new energy vehicles, bringing a total of 12 new cars. Among them, Qichen VX6 and Ai Ruiya ARIYA occupy C position.

　　As a new car that went on the market at the end of 2023, Qichen VX6 positioned itself as a "home pure electric SUV" and launched three models, with the price range of 141,900-159,900 yuan. The new car is based on the Qichen Ve Concept concept car and is positioned as a "home pure electric SUV". In appearance, the closed grille on the front face of the new car is highly recognizable with penetrating light strips. In terms of power, the car is built on the original pure electric platform under the Dongfeng quantum architecture, equipped with an output motor with a maximum power of 160 kW, and the pure electric cruising range under CLTC conditions is 520km. If Qichen VX6 is aimed at the home market, then ARIYA’s positioning is even higher. This model was introduced to the market earlier, and the market guidance price is 272,800-342,800 yuan. The car was born in the cloud image intelligent pure electric platform developed by Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance, and its value lies in the full link self-developed three-electricity technology.

　　For traditional car companies, it is more important to understand the development trend of the industry than to update the car-making technology, and it is more important to tap their unique competitive advantages than to introduce advanced models. Under the background of the accelerated arrival of electrification and intelligence, Nissan released the NISSAN NEXT enterprise transformation plan in May 2020. This plan is to put the company back on the right track of development, and to rebuild a complete system of career reform plan for the next 10 years of development. Among them, NISSAN NEXT’s first global strategic model, ARIYA, has become the key to the electrification era of Dongfeng Nissan.

　　Haval, Great Wall Gun

　　At this auto show, all brands of Great Wall came, and Haval, Great Wall Cannon, Tank and WEY all attended, bringing a total of 20 new models.

　　At Haval’s booth, two new cars, Haval Raptor PHEV and Haval Xiaolong MAX PHEV, attracted wide attention. Among them, as the leader of new energy off-road SUV, Haval Raptors popularized the charm of off-road SUV to the mass market with its super strength and price within 200,000 yuan. The new car has two battery versions of 27.54kWh- Ferrous lithium phosphate and 19.09kWh- Ferrous lithium phosphate to choose from. It adopts the hard-core design concept and is equipped with "1.5THi4 rear axle differential lock", which combines off-road with new energy, which not only meets the users’ demand for green travel, but also enjoys the fun brought by off-road.

　　The Great Wall Gun brought star models such as PHEV. PHEV of Shanhai Gun inherits the Chinese aesthetic design concept of Shanhai Gun Passenger Edition, giving people a powerful visual impression. In terms of motor, the vertical 9-9HAT transmission is integrated with P2 motor, with a maximum power of 120kW and a torque of 400Nm, with an efficiency of over 96%. The total battery capacity is 37kWh, which can meet the requirements of pure battery life of 110km and comprehensive battery life of 900km, and its comprehensive strength is good.

　　Wei brand, tank

　　In the tank booth, star models such as tank 400 Hi4-T caught the audience’s eye.

　　The tank 400 Hi4-T was launched in September 2023, with 2.0T+9HAT gold power combination, 120kW high-power P2 motor and oil-electric dual drive, so that the comprehensive power of the tank 400 Hi4-T system is as high as 300kW, the comprehensive torque is 750N·m, and the zero acceleration takes only 6.8s s. The 37.1kW·h high-energy Dayu battery has a pure battery life of over 105km under WLTC condition, and it only takes 24 minutes to charge from 30% to 80%. Outdoor optional packages including front axle electronically controlled differential lock, AT tire, traction qualification, etc. can also be selected to meet the user’s full-scene off-road needs.

　　WEY brought a number of new cars such as Alpine MPV. The design of the front face of the mountain MPV is domineering, creating a strong sense of momentum, and the use of a large number of chrome-plated materials enhances the luxury of the vehicle itself. The overall design of the interior is relatively simple, using a 27-inch ultra-wide screen, supporting voice control, online navigation and other functions to meet various daily use scenarios.

　　FAW Hongqi

　　Hongqi released its sales performance in 2023. According to the data, in 2023, the retail sales of new energy in Hongqi exceeded 85,000 vehicles, up 135% year-on-year, and the penetration rate of new energy sales was 23%, ranking first among traditional luxury brands. Hongqi E-QM5 and Hongqi E-HS9 contributed a lot, with a total sales volume of 85,000 units, up 135% year-on-year, accounting for 23% of the total sales volume of Hongqi brand in 2023. At this auto show, Hongqi E-HS9 was also highlighted.

　　When it was first listed, the official guide price of Hongqi E-HS9 was 509,800-729,800 yuan, which made Hongqi E-HS9 one of the most expensive domestic pure electric SUVs, and also meant that Hongqi E-HS9 began to lead the Hongqi brand to launch an impact on the high-end pure electric field. Red flag E-HS9 "flagship" is full of color. Not only does the size exceed the Tesla Model X, but the momentum of the whole vehicle is not much better than that of Cullinan. The listing of Hongqi E-HS9 is of great strategic significance for Hongqi brand in terms of technological breakthrough, brand development and new energy market expansion. According to the "531" plan of Hongqi brand, by 2028, the planned total sales volume of Hongqi brand will exceed 1 million vehicles, of which the sales volume of new energy vehicles will exceed 700,000 vehicles. As a flagship product, Hongqi E-HS9 will play an important role.

　　Mercedes-Benz

　　Facing the goal of "double carbon", the electrification process of major automobile enterprises has been accelerated in an all-round way, and Mercedes-Benz has also responded positively, bringing seven models of products, including EQE 350 Progressive, Mercedes-Maybach S580 e and EQB 350 4MATIC, among which EQB 350 4Matic has attracted much attention.

　　The new EQB front grille adopts the "Night Star Wing" closed front grille of Mercedes-Benz pure electric EQ family, and the headlights and taillights are decorated with LED strip, adding a sense of technology. EQB is equipped with dual screen and MBUX human-computer interaction system, which provides a variety of intelligent configurations, such as 64-color atmosphere light, head-up display, Berlin sound, customized navigation in Gaode, etc. At the same time, it also adds color matching of Shuiyue silver car paint, giving users more choices. EQB 350 4MATIC is driven by front and rear dual motors, with a maximum power of 292 HP, a peak torque of 520 Nm, a battery capacity of 73.5 kWh, and a cruising range of 512 km under CLTC.

　　Volvo

　　In 2023, Volvo’s new energy vehicles blossomed in many aspects in the global market, all of which maintained a year-on-year growth trend. Among them, the European market took the lead and sold a total of 154,000 vehicles; The United States and other markets have also maintained more than 30,000 vehicles. In the China market, Volvo has also invested heavily. At this auto show, Volvo brought S90, XC90 and other popular new energy vehicles, providing fans with a wealth of car choices.

　　As a Nordic luxury flagship car, the newly upgraded version 2.0 ergonomic luxury seat of the 2023 Volvo S90 was jointly built by orthopedic surgeons and Volvo engineers. The seat design fits the back curve, which can give the occupant zui good coverage and support. And the seat can be adapted to 150cm— 200cm with different heights, meeting 99% of the passenger’s body shape. At the same time, the seat also adopts a new headrest shape and better leg support, which lengthens the cushion by 37-mdash; 40mm, increased by 10mm, reduced the height of backrest, increased the height of lumbar support, and brought first-class comfortable riding experience. In addition, the 2023 Volvo S90 has also upgraded a very humanized detail, that is, the rear row has introduced a 15W wireless charging device and the rear row has dual Type-C interfaces, which can make smart devices fully charged at any time and place, so that business elites can calmly handle work matters, and it is simply not too intimate.

　　Saic Audi

　　SAIC Audi’s first pure electric medium and large SUV based on MEB platform & mdash; — Audi Q5 e-tron made a grand appearance at this auto show. At first glance, the appearance of the Audi Q5 etron is very recognizable, with a fierce front posture. The large-size silver armor mesh model reveals a majestic atmosphere, and the eyes on both sides are sharp and imposing. The triangular diversion grooves are connected by decorative strips, which has a visual folding effect. The front lip adopts a hollow design, which is exquisite and ensures the wind resistance coefficient.

　　Thanks to the design foundation of the pure electric platform MEB, the Audi Q5etron has a wheelbase of 2965mm, providing a six-seat version of 2+2+2 and a seven-seat version of 2+3+2, which is convenient for different consumers to choose. The central area of the six-seat version retains the aisle, and at the same time, it adopts the design of hidden handrails, which is convenient for the passengers in the third row to get in and out, greatly reducing the difficulty of getting on and off. Audi Q5etron offers two different pure electric endurance versions, namely 550km and 560km. At the same time, it is equipped with MobileyeEyeQ4 driver assistance system chip, 3 millimeter-wave radars, 12 ultrasonic radars, 4 panoramic cameras and 1 multi-function camera, which can realize L2+ level driver assistance.

　　Jaguar Land Rover

　　Jaguar Land Rover has brought two new energy vehicles this time, namely, the new Discovery Sport P300e plug-in hybrid version and the new Land Rover evoque L P300e plug-in hybrid version.

　　The brand-new Discovery Sport P300e plug-in electric hybrid version inherits the DNA design elements of Discovery Family, and incorporates the Tiger Claw ornaments on the front face to visually show the sense of movement that is ready to go. Equipped with luxurious Windsor perforated leather seats, the front seats are electrically adjustable in 14 directions, and equipped with a 12.3-inch full LCD virtual instrument panel, creating a refined and luxurious interior cabin atmosphere. The comprehensive maximum power is 309 horsepower, the maximum torque is 540 Nm, and the cruising range of pure electric mode WLTC is 53 kilometers.

　　The new Land Rover evoque L P300e plug-in hybrid vehicle inherits the neo-modernist design concept and shows its distinctive personality. Front seat 14-way electric adjustment (including 4-way electric lumbar support) with heating and ventilation, rear seat heating with backrest angle electric adjustment, and rear flying wing headrest with soft pillow and other functions, bringing more comfortable driving experience. Equipped with Terrain Response® second-generation intelligent all-terrain feedback adaptive system and all-terrain process control system, it can easily cope with various extreme weather or terrain changes.

　　Faw Audi

　　From 1988 to 2023, from fuel vehicles to new energy vehicles, from Audi 100 to the first product Q6 e-tron prototype of PPE platform appeared … … After entering China for 35 years, FAW-Audi has witnessed the rise and growth of China’s automobile industry. Now, facing the surge of electrification and intelligence, FAW-Audi "embraces change with evolution". E-tron, Q4 e-tron and e-tron GT have all been put into China market — — Audi’s electrification strategy has been fully accelerated. At this auto show, none of these key models were absent.

　　Facing the wave of electrification transformation in the automobile industry, Audi is accelerating the pace of launching PPE pure electric platform products. The new Q6 e-tron production version is scheduled to be officially released in the summer of 2024, and the A6 e-tron series models are scheduled to be officially released in the autumn of the same year. At the same time, Changchun Audi FAW new energy vehicle production base for China market is also under construction in an orderly manner, and domestic Q6 e-tron and A6 e-tron series vehicles will be put into production in 2025. As the first luxury car brand with localized production in China, FAW Audi is committed to bringing a brand-new experience beyond expectations to more users who love Audi brand by shaping the vision of high-end mobile brand in the future. (Source: 2024 (6th) Haikou International New Energy and Intelligent Networked Automobile Exhibition)

　　[Global Times correspondent in Nigeria Jiang Xuan Global Times reporter Ding Yazhi] On the evening of the 8th, US Secretary of State Blinken called on the coup soldiers in Niger to "immediately release" President Bazoum and his family. On July 26th, a coup took place in Niger, which is only the latest case of frequent coups in West Africa and Sahel countries in recent years. Since the 1960s, this region has become one of the regions with the most coups in the world, even known as the "coup belt". This phenomenon is caused by various reasons within the countries in the region, as well as the influence of big country games and foreign interference. Some analysts said that coups in West Africa and the Sahel have brought great challenges to the security and economic development of the region, but there is no quick solution to stabilize the regional security situation.

　　West Africa usually refers to the western part of Africa, bordering Lake Chad in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Gulf of Guinea in the south and the Sahara Desert in the north, including 16 countries including Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Niger and Nigeria, and British overseas territories Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The word "Sahel" comes from Arabic and literally means "coast". Some media also said that this word means "edge" and refers to a zone from sub-Saharan to grassland. The Sahel in a broad sense extends from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the Red Sea. It is a zone with a total length of over 5,400 kilometers and a width of up to 1,000 kilometers, including at least 14 countries including Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria and Chad. In a narrow sense, the Sahel countries are the Group of Five, which refers to the five core countries in the region, namely Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mauritania. Many countries belong to both West Africa and Sahel. Because of frequent coups, some media and analysts refer to the Sahel, West Africa, or West Africa and Sahel as "coup zones".

　　In the 1950s and 1960s, more than 30 countries in Africa achieved independence. Powell, an associate professor in university of central florida, and other American researchers found that there have been more than 200 coups in Africa since 1950s. From 1960 to 2000, there were four coups or attempted coups in Africa every year on average. Australia’s "Dialogue News Network" and other media said that in the 1960s and 1970s, there was a coup every 55 days in Africa, and more than 90% of African countries had a coup experience. After 2000, the number of coups and attempted coups in Africa decreased significantly. However, since 2017, of the 17 coups recorded in the world, all occurred in Africa except one in Myanmar. Powell said that Sudan is the country with the largest number of coups in Africa. The latest coup in the country was in 2021, which triggered an explosive military conflict and recently turned into a full-scale war.

　　West Africa and the Sahel are among the regions with the most coups in Africa and the world. The British "New African" magazine bluntly said that in Africa, coups are more common in West Africa and the Sahel than in other regions; In West Africa, this situation is more common in French-speaking countries than in English-speaking countries. According to Australia’s "Dialogue News Network", some studies show that from 1958 to 2008, the number of coups in West and Central Africa and the Sahel was the highest in the African continent every 10 years, accounting for 44.4%. Research by Nigerian scholar Suleiman shows that since 2010, there have been more than 40 coups and attempted coups in Africa, of which 20 occurred in West Africa and the Sahel.

　　Spain’s "World Order" website recently issued a document saying that since 2020, there have been about 10 coups in eight West African and Sahel countries. It is worth noting that some countries in the region even staged coups several times in a short period of time. There were coups in Mali in 2020 and 2021, and the country’s transitional government also defeated a military coup attempt in 2022. Coups in Guinea-Bissau, Gambia and other countries failed, while in Guinea, Chad, Sudan, Burkina Faso and Niger recently, the coups succeeded in overthrowing civilian governments and establishing military governments, and they are still in power.

　　Has become the center of global terrorism.

　　He Wenping, a researcher at west asia and africa Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with Global Times that the military coup in Niger is the latest case in the "coup resurgence" in West Africa and Sahel countries in recent years. A number of media said that the frequent coups in the region were the result of the combined effects of internal and external factors. Governance problems, unsatisfied civil rights, public dissatisfaction and deteriorating security situation in countries in West Africa and the Sahel are the main internal causes of frequent coups. "Considering the turbulent years experienced by African countries after independence, this (frequent coups) is not surprising." Powell said: poverty and economic backwardness have caused some African countries to have a breeding ground for coups.

　　According to the information of Spanish "World Order" news network, American think tank Brookings Institution and other media and think tanks, countries in the Sahel region have been plagued by extreme poverty and political corruption since the 1960s. After analyzing the data of the World Bank, some scholars found that during the period from 1990 to 2021, the average annual growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) in West Africa after deducting inflation was 4%, but due to the rapid population growth, the per capita GDP growth rate during this period was only 1.3%. By 2021, the human development index of West Africa has just exceeded 0.5, which lags far behind other regions. Many people in some countries in West Africa and the Sahel need humanitarian assistance. For example, the extreme poverty rate in Niger is over 40%, while about 1/5 of Burkina Faso’s total population, that is, 4.7 million people, need humanitarian assistance this year, and it is necessary to raise 877 million US dollars to meet the country’s emergency needs.

　　"The flawed system is the root of the coup." According to the analysis of New African magazine, in recent years, people in West Africa and the Sahel have almost always responded positively to the coup, which shows that the coup is a "symptom" of the system failure in these countries. According to the magazine, the mantra of "military rule is not good, civilian rule is good" is often imposed on African countries, as if the complex problems of the African continent can be solved by a simple formula, and many elected officials have corruption problems, while the level of administrative governance is not high, and there are few public services provided to the people, which makes many people very dissatisfied. The Associated Press said that the coup leaders in the region accused the government of failing to meet the people’s expectations for the "democratic dividend", so they will solve these problems by forming a new government.

　　The deterioration of the regional security environment is also an important reason for the frequent coups in West Africa and the Sahel. According to a recent report on Spain’s "World Order" website, in the past 10 years, branches of extremist organizations such as Al Qaeda and Islamic State (IS) have taken advantage of social dissatisfaction and weak links in state governance in the region to establish their own spheres of influence and launched activities in many countries. According to the Global Terrorism Index report of the Australian Institute of Economics and Peace, the Sahel region has surpassed the Middle East and South Asia to become the center of global terrorism. In 2022, global terrorist attacks killed 6,701 people, and the Sahel region accounted for 43% of them. The Associated Press said that violent activities carried out by extremist organizations in West Africa and the Sahel are increasing, which in turn leads people to oppose the government.

　　In addition, You Tao, a researcher at the Research Center of the Economic Community of West African States of Hohai University, previously wrote that the national boundaries of West African countries were randomly demarcated by previous colonists, which separated the people and their territories of long-formed tribes, kingdoms or empires. This practice of colonialists led to internal division of West African countries after independence, frequent regional conflicts, and border and territorial disputes became the fuse of some military coups. In addition, tribal politics has a great influence in some countries in West Africa and Sahel region. The powerful tribes often support each other with domestic political parties, and the struggle between tribes has further evolved into a nationwide military coup. In some areas, traditional tribal forces are also integrated with religious forces, inciting tribal people’s emotions through beliefs or interests and making excuses for political struggles.

　　He Wenping believes that the frequent military coups in West Africa and the Sahel in recent years are due to the difficulties in life and the intensification of terrorist activities caused by crises such as the COVID-19 epidemic, and the dissatisfaction of coup soldiers with the former regime (including the former coup military authorities). The coup d’ é tat in Niger is also related to the transmission and demonstration effect of frequent coups in countries in the region in recent years, especially the previous coups in Mali, Burkina Faso and other countries and the final success of the coup soldiers, all of which have had an "incentive" effect to some extent.

　　There are traces of foreign interference.

　　Foreign interference and the game between big powers have also increased the possibility of coups in West Africa and the Sahel. Some media said that since the coup in Niger on July 26th, a group of supporters of the military government appeared on the streets of Niamey, the capital. Many of them waved Russian flags and shouted slogans condemning France, the former colonial sovereign state. This phenomenon is not the first time, and similar situations have occurred in Mali and Burkina Faso. The New York Times quoted analysts as saying that this does not mean that Russia is behind the coup in Niger and other countries, but it reflects how Moscow has positioned itself as an anti-Western "torchbearer" in Africa in recent years. There are also views that this shows that the "coup belt" in Africa has become a wrestling field between the West and Russia.

　　Li Wentao, executive director of the Institute of African Studies at the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told the Global Times reporter that there were frequent coups in West Africa and the Sahel, in which the big countries played fiercely and the geographical competition was strong. He Wenping said that Russia has increased its diplomatic and military ties with African countries in recent years. At the diplomatic level, in 2019, Russia held the first Russia-Africa summit in Sochi, focusing on the cooperation between Moscow and African countries in the fields of economy and security. In terms of military and security influence, nearly half of African countries import military equipment from Russia. Big buyers and long-term importers of Russian weapons include Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco and Uganda. After the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Russia stepped up its African diplomacy in order to break the western diplomatic containment. At present, it seems that the "French retreat to Russia" staged by countries such as Mali and Burkina Faso may only be a "prelude", and I am afraid it will not "end" soon.

　　Australia’s "Dialogue News Network" and other media said that just like after the wave of independence in Africa, the coups in West Africa and the Sahel in recent years also showed traces of foreign interference. For example, in media reports, the coups in Mali in 2020 and 2021 and the coup in Burkina Faso in 2022 all mentioned Russia. The organizers of the two coups in Mali reportedly also received training and assistance from the United States. Some media also said that since 2008, American-trained officers have carried out at least nine coups in five West African countries. As France colonized many countries in West Africa and the Sahel, the influence of Paris on the political development in this region is almost established. It is reported that coups in some countries in the region have also received support from France. According to statistics, since 1960, France has carried out more than 10 military interventions in African countries.

　　There is no quick solution.

　　According to the BBC, military coups have occurred from time to time in the decades after the independence of African countries, but now people are worried that coups may become more frequent. Oxford University scholar Collier told The New York Times: "I am very worried that the Sahel will collapse." The British "Economist" magazine reported that the coup in Niger triggered an unprecedented crisis, and the most worrying thing now is that this may trigger a regional war. Even if this danger is avoided, this coup will almost certainly have an impact on the action against extremists. The Association for Foreign Relations, an American think tank, recently warned that the situation in Niger may undermine illegal immigration and human trafficking in Europe, because the country is located on the main route to the Mediterranean.

　　According to the British "Guardian" report, the stability of Niger is crucial to the future of West Africa and the Sahel, which is crucial to the future of the African continent. Problems in West Africa and the Sahel will affect countries in southern and northern Africa, such as Libya, Algeria and Egypt. The coup d’ é tat has brought great influence and obstacles to the economic, social and social development of West African countries, resulting in the displacement of people and the breeding of unstable factors such as terrorism.

　　Chatham House, a British think tank, previously issued a document saying that there is no quick solution to stabilize the security situation in the Sahel. In the foreseeable future, the insecurity in the Sahel needs regular policy attention. The agency suggested that the frequent coups in this region should be dealt with through institution building, improving government governance, providing better security for the people and investment. Australia’s "Dialogue News Network" said that the conditions for the coup are constantly changing. In order to avoid future coups in West Africa and the Sahel and deal with the current coups, it is necessary to completely change the coping methods. With the help of regional and global partners, countries in the region must solve the governance deficit.

1905 movie network news　As of 9: 30 on February 3, the real-time box office of directed movies has reached 3.67 billion yuan, surpassing (3.652 billion yuan) and rising to the ninth place in the box office list of Chinese movies. The cumulative number of people watching movies exceeded 72 million.

In the just-concluded Spring Festival file, "Man Jiang Hong" won the box office title of the Spring Festival file in 2023 with a box office score of over 2.5 billion. At the same time, the film also broke the box office record set by China Film History in the Spring Festival. "Man Jiang Hong" has a cat’s eye score of 9.5, a Taobao Film score of 9.4 and a douban score of 7.4, which can be described as a double harvest at the box office.

The perfect combination of suspense and comedy elements in the film, multiple reversals and unconventional dense jokes make many viewers still full of interest after watching the movie. The location in the ancient county town of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province has quickly become a punching place in online celebrity, attracting many viewers to experience an immersive walk in the narrow lanes of a deep house and see all kinds of props in the play.

The film "Man Jiang Hong" is directed by Zhang Yimou, starring,,,,,,,, starring, and friendship, with Wei Xiang, Zhang Chi and Huang Yan as special actors. It tells the story of Qin Gui’s meeting with the State of Jin in Shaoxing during the Southern Song Dynasty, four years after Yue Fei’s death. On the eve of the talks, the envoy of the State of Jin died in the prime minister’s residence, and the secret message he carried was also missing. A soldier and the deputy commander of the pro-barracks were caught in this huge conspiracy by coincidence, and Prime Minister Qin Gui ordered them to find the murderer and the truth story.

Top ten in China’s box office list:

157.75 million

256.94 million

354.13 million

450.35 billion

546.88 million

645.23 million

742.5 billion

8. Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake is 4.067 billion yuan.

9. "Man Jiang Hong" 3.67 billion (in release)

10. Operation Red Sea 3.651 billion.

　　In June last year, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) authorized Lianggao to carry out the pilot work of quick adjudication procedure of criminal cases in 18 cities. Now, the pilot project has been completed for one year, and the criminal speedy trial has achieved remarkable results, and some exposed problems are gradually being solved. The full protection of the rights and interests of the defendant has always been the core of the system design.

　　　　

　　Beijing Fengtai District Court held a trial of a criminal quick-cut case cui wei/photo

　　"Do you voluntarily apply the expedited procedure?"

　　Since June last year, in a year’s time, defendants suspected of dangerous driving, traffic accidents and theft in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and other cities will be asked such questions by public prosecutors if the facts are clear and they voluntarily plead guilty and meet the applicable conditions of the expedited procedure.

　　When the defendant learns that he will be sentenced in less than one year, and there is also the possibility of applying control, criminal detention, probation and a single fine, the defendant will generally continue to ask the prosecutor: "To what extent can I reduce the punishment?" "Is it possible to suspend the sentence?"

　　In the case of quick adjudication, not only the defendant’s concern is different from that of ordinary procedural cases, but also the prosecutor’s handling mode and tradition are different.

　　The pilot has been completed for one year.

　　How do judges locate the value of quick adjudication?

　　On June 27th, 2014, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) authorized Lianggao to carry out the pilot work of criminal case quick adjudication procedure in 18 cities. According to the relevant plan, the facts are clear and the evidence is sufficient, the defendant voluntarily pleads guilty, and the parties concerned have no dispute about the applicable laws, such as dangerous driving, traffic accidents, theft, fraud, robbery, injury, and crimes of stirring up trouble, and the cases that may be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of less than one year, criminal detention, public surveillance according to law, or cases that are only fined according to law, will further simplify the relevant litigation procedures stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Law.

　　The practice of handling cases by the procuratorial organs in the pilot areas over the past year shows that the establishment of the speedy adjudication procedure greatly shortens the time for trial and adjudication of cases, and the defendants in criminal cases who are detained can be tried quickly, and the litigation rights of the parties are fully guaranteed in the process of handling cases. Taking Nanjing as an example, as of July 5, 2015, the city’s grass-roots procuratorial organs have prosecuted 351 criminal cases with quick adjudication, and the courts have decided 258 cases with quick adjudication procedures. The value of expedited procedure in litigation efficiency has been fully reflected. The average review and prosecution period is only 5.8 days, and the average trial time is 3 minutes to 5 minutes, which greatly improves the litigation efficiency. In the cases that have been adjudicated quickly, the prosecution opinions and sentencing suggestions of the procuratorial organs have been adopted by the court. Up to now, only two cases have been appealed by the defendants because they want to stay in the prison, and all the other parties have recognized the court’s judgment, and the defendant’s confession rate is high.

　　Han Bing, chief of the Public Prosecution Section of the Procuratorate of Xinzhou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, said in an interview that the speedy trial procedure of criminal cases omits the cross-examination of evidence and the court debate, which limits the defendant’s right of defense in court to a certain extent. Therefore, how to fully protect human rights in the process of applying the speedy trial procedure and make it "simple" but "undiminished" is an important topic for the judiciary.

　　Repeated reminders of three contents

　　Special treatment of suspects in quick adjudication cases

　　On the surface, the quick cutting procedure is simplified; In fact, before the simplification of the trial, such cases have to go through more detailed public prosecution work. "The prosecutor will especially inform the suspect of some key points, which is more than what he has to do and say in handling ordinary procedural cases." Huang Jie, Director of Public Prosecution Division I of Fangshan District Procuratorate, told the reporter that there are three important contents that should be carefully explained and repeatedly confirmed with the suspect.

　　"Do you voluntarily apply the expedited procedure?" This is a question repeatedly confirmed by the public prosecutor during the questioning of suspects. Fangshan District Procuratorate requires the prosecutor handling the case not only to deliver a written Notice of Rights and Obligations to the suspect, but also to explain the applicable provisions and legal consequences of speedy adjudication to the suspect on the spot.

　　On June 30, Dong Ying, deputy director of the Public Prosecution Department of Fangshan District Procuratorate, explained to Hu, a criminal suspect suspected of dangerous driving, the application of the expedited procedure. "If you plead guilty, agree with the prosecutor’s sentencing proposal and are willing to apply the expedited procedure, there will be no court investigation and court debate at the court session. You have the right to make a final statement, and the prosecutor will supervise the court to ensure that you complete the final self-statement link. " Dong Ying told reporters that the strict right to inform is to ensure the authenticity of the parties’ willingness to cut quickly.

　　"You can apply for the lawyer on duty to provide legal assistance", which is a warm reminder given by the public prosecutor of Fangshan District Procuratorate when interrogating each suspect.

　　According to Huang Jie, Fangshan District has set up duty lawyers in detention centers and courts. Once the suspect asks for legal help, the lawyer on duty will be in place the day after the application, which is the slowest situation. "Once requested by the suspect, the undertaker immediately fills in the Application for Providing Legal Aid and sends it to the lawyer on duty on the same day, so that he can have a deeper understanding of the case and provide legal help as soon as possible". Huang Jie said that according to the program design, when the public security organ transfers it for review and prosecution, it will send a copy of the Prosecutions Opinion with the special seal for the expedited procedure to the detention center, and the detention center will then send the document to the lawyer on duty for filing. Theoretically speaking, the lawyer on duty in the detention center can grasp the overall situation of the cases in hand in time on the same day.

　　"We will tell the suspect what the range of sentencing is." Dong Ying told reporters that at this stage, Fangshan’s main practice is to explain to the suspect the statutory punishment, the heavier punishment points and the lighter punishment points involved in the crime, so that he can have a basic understanding of his sentence, and then inform him of the floating range of sentencing. "For cases that apply ordinary procedures, prosecutors generally do not clearly inform the scope of sentencing recommendations."

　　After detailed explanation and repeated confirmation, if the suspect agrees to apply the expedited procedure, the public prosecutor will continue to review according to this procedure; If the suspect expresses his unwillingness to apply at any time, he will be rejected by one vote and the case will be transferred to the ordinary procedure. However, Fangshan has not yet encountered the latter situation.

　　From approval to court appearance

　　Key links in the process of quick adjudication of public prosecution

　　The most powerful support for completing the review and prosecution of quick-cut cases within 8 days is a smooth and fast handling mechanism. In terms of mechanism construction, the Nanjing Procuratorate, together with the Municipal Court, the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Judicial Bureau, signed the Implementation Measures for Handling Criminal Cases by Quick-cut Procedure, and formulated the Working Rules for Handling Quick-cut Cases by Procuratorial Organs (hereinafter referred to as the Working Rules) according to the actual procuratorial work, making the operating rules for handling quick-cut cases clear, specific and detailed.

　　According to the procedure design of Nanjing, within the procuratorial organs, the power of examination and approval for applying the expedited procedure lies with the person in charge of the public prosecution department or the chief prosecutor. The Working Rules also carefully considered the special situation of the victims. Huang Zhijian, the main maker of the "Working Rules" and the deputy director of the Second Public Prosecution Division of the Nanjing Procuratorate, told the reporter that for crimes such as minor injuries, theft and fraud, the victim is either physically injured or his property is lost. If the quick ruling procedure is applied, the defendant may be given a lighter punishment; However, the judicial rights and interests of the victims must also be protected according to law, so in these cases, we all ask the public prosecutor to find out whether the defendant and the victim have reached a mediation or reconciliation agreement.

　　According to the "Working Rules", in addition to the examination and approval of whether the expedited procedure is applicable, the sentencing proposal must also be examined and approved by the head of the public prosecution department or the chief prosecutor. Moreover, if it is recommended to be sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention or fixed-term imprisonment, the recommended sentencing range should not exceed one month in principle. Then, why should Nanjing set the scope of sentencing suggestions so accurately?

　　Huang Zhijian told reporters that there is indeed the consideration of "strengthening trial supervision", and more accurate sentencing suggestions can limit judges’ discretion and prevent judges from breaking the legal bottom line of mitigating punishment in order to handle cases quickly. "The" Working Rules "has been tried out for more than five months. The public prosecutor found in handling the case that the range of one month is really narrow, and the judicial organ also hopes to have some discretion. At present, we have revised the sentencing suggestion interval to 1 to 2 months."

　　Huang Zhijian said that, in essence, there is a plea negotiation between the defendant and the prosecution in the speedy trial procedure. In order to restrain the judiciary from keeping the legal bottom line of sentencing, the Nanjing Municipal Law Committee made it clear in the guidance of the speedy trial that the judicial organ should reduce the sentence by less than 20% on the basis of the proposed sentence calculated by the sentencing guidance of the people’s court, and then determine the pronounced sentence as appropriate. However, if there is no statutory mitigating circumstances, it shall not be lower than the sentencing range stipulated in the criminal law.

　　During the trial, Hu Jing, director of the Public Prosecution Division I of Chaoyang District Procuratorate, told the reporter that the court applied the expedited procedure to hear the case. If the defendant pleaded guilty in court, agreed to the sentencing proposal and applied the expedited procedure, no court investigation and debate would be conducted, but the defendant’s final statement should be heard before the judgment was announced. The reporter found that Nanjing’s "Working Rules" was based on simple procedures, but it still requires the public prosecutor to read the indictment in summary, show the evidence list briefly, and directly express the public prosecution opinions on the conviction and sentencing of the case when attending the court.

　　Huang Zhijian pointed out that Nanjing did not oversimplify the way of court hearing: the court hearing was based on the indictment, and since the court hearing was held, the judge’s trial, lawyer’s defense and the suspect’s self-defense should all revolve around the indictment. We stipulate that the indictment should still be read in summary in court, summarizing the main facts and listing the main evidence that confirms the facts. These general contents should be read. In order to inform both the facts and the evidence, it not only builds the basis of cross-examination, but also fully explains the basis of sentencing suggestions.

　　Build a special case-handling office

　　Please open postal procuratorial express mail.

　　It is a consensus on the construction of case-handling organization to set up a special department and handle cases quickly by special personnel to ensure quality and improve efficiency. But from imagination to reality, there are many practical difficulties. Fengtai District, Beijing is one of the first pilot areas to turn this basic understanding into a realistic operation mode.

　　At present, the public security, procuratorial work and courts in Fengtai District have set up specialized institutions (personnel) to handle cases of quick adjudication. In public security organs, full-time legal examiners are responsible for screening cases that can be applied to quick adjudication; In the court, there are fixed judges who specialize in speedy cases; In Fengtai Procuratorate, seven prosecutors from the Third Public Prosecution Office are specially responsible for quick adjudication of public prosecutions. In addition, the hospital has also set up a full-time case-handling team in the Public Prosecution Department, which is responsible for screening out cases that can be applied to quick adjudication among all cases transferred according to ordinary procedures. The prosecutors of this case-handling team review and prosecute the screened cases, appear in court for public prosecution, and "take responsibility to the end". Zhao Cheng, deputy director of the third department of public prosecution of the hospital, told reporters that since the pilot, the connection with public security and court professionals, as well as the internal connection and cooperation of procuratorial organs, has been relatively smooth. It is common that a case can be reviewed and prosecuted in two to three days, and this pace will enable the suspect to get a fairly quick trial.

　　At the beginning of this year, Yang was arrested after the theft in Fengtai. After a comprehensive investigation, Zhao Cheng, the public prosecutor, intends to make sentencing suggestions for him to apply probation. Therefore, Zhao Cheng sent a social investigation letter to the judicial office of a county in Zhoukou City, Henan Province, where Yang lived, using "postal procuratorial express mail". A few days later, the judicial office replied to confirm that Yang had the conditions for community correction. Subsequently, the court recognized the sentencing recommendations of the procuratorate and announced the application of probation to Yang.

　　Cui wei, director of the Third Public Prosecution Division of Fengtai District Procuratorate, told the reporter that the main prerequisite for the defendant to apply probation in a quick ruling case lies in the degree of social investigation and evaluation. According to Fengtai District’s plan, the social investigation of criminal suspects (defendants) who are not in custody is initiated by procuratorial organs. Fengtai Procuratorate signed a cooperation agreement with China Post EMS, which opened a special procuratorial express channel for the hospital, and realized the unit-to-unit postal mode. "The recipient only needs to write to the unit and does not need a specific recipient, thus avoiding the embarrassment that the specific recipient of the foreign judicial administrative organ cannot be found and the document cannot be mailed. Let the social investigation documents be sent to the foreign judicial bureau as soon as possible, so that it can arrange social investigation matters as soon as possible. "

　　The procuratorial special delivery mode initiated by Fengtai has solved the dilemma of difficult receipt of ordinary express delivery and difficult delivery of legal documents. The Beijing Municipal Procuratorate is gradually promoting this practice throughout the city.

　　Quick trial

　　The prosecutor in court focuses on legal supervision?

　　The speedy adjudication procedure cancels the court investigation and court debate, and the presiding judge is the sole judge, so the legal supervision function of the public prosecutor has been promoted to a new height. Han Bing, chief of the Public Prosecution Section of Xinzhou District Procuratorate, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, believes that the focus of supervision lies in the fact that the defendant denied the crime and questioned the facts and evidence alleged in the indictment during the trial, and disagreed with the charges; Defenders plead not guilty and change the nature of the case; After new evidence needs to be verified and the victim objects to the application of the expedited procedure, the court shall resume the legal supervision of the ordinary procedure trial.

　　When a court in a certain district of Nanjing tried a dangerous driving case by applying the expedited procedure, it happened that the defender once again asked for a lighter punishment: the defender had no objection to the facts and evidence identified by the public prosecution agency, but only disagreed with the sentencing suggestion range of the public prosecutor’s detention for 2 to 3 months, and suggested that the public prosecutor should be detained for 1 month, thus asking the court for a lighter sentence again. This brings a question worthy of discussion, that is, if the defendant’s self-appointed defender disagrees with the sentencing circumstances or the sentencing proposal of the public prosecution agency in court, is it necessary to hold a court debate or reconfirm the defendant’s willingness to apply the expedited procedure?

　　Huang Zhijian told reporters that the whole trial should focus on the defendant, and his rights and interests should be fully protected. If the defender’s defense opinion is inconsistent with the negotiation reached by the public prosecutor and the defendant, the public prosecutor shall remind the presiding judge to confirm whether the defendant agrees to continue to apply the expedited procedure for trial. If the defendant does the work through a lawyer, he will no longer accept the summary judgment and change it to the ordinary procedure, then the prosecutor should protect his right. In the case of changing to ordinary procedure, the defendant will no longer enjoy the lighter sentencing range given by the public prosecution agency based on the quick ruling procedure. If the defendant refuses the lawyer’s defense opinion and still insists on applying the quick adjudication procedure and accepting the prosecutor’s sentencing suggestion, then the court should also respect his opinion.

　　"At present, it is up to the judge to ask whether the defendant voluntarily accepts a quick ruling and whether he has any opinions on the indictment and sentencing suggestions. I think it is more appropriate for the public prosecutor, as the prosecutor and the legal supervisor, to be responsible for confirming these issues. " Han Bing said that at present, there are different practices in the trial procedure of expedited cases in different places, and there is no unified trial standard procedure.

　　"In addition to sentencing, whether the defendant’s exercise of the final statement right is complete is also an important part of the public prosecutor’s legal supervision." Han Bing said.

　　Should the parties be allowed to appeal again after the judgment of the expedited case? This has happened in practice in Nanjing. The parties to the two cases appealed after the judgment, and when the procuratorial organ received the appeal, the protest period had passed. The reasons for the two defendants’ appeals have nothing to do with the facts, evidence and sentencing of the cases involved. The parties claimed that they wanted to continue serving their sentences in prison, so as to delay the time.

　　Huang Zhijian told reporters that at present, in operation, the defendant’s right to appeal is fully guaranteed.

　　From the legal point of view, after the defendant in the case of quick adjudication appeals, can the procuratorate lodge a protest? If the procuratorial organ does not protest, due to the limitation of the principle of no additional punishment on appeal, will it make the defendant use the expedited procedure as a means to mitigate punishment, and then abuse the right of appeal, which will have the effect that the expedited procedure cannot be "expedited"?

　　"If these two cases have not passed the protest period when they receive the appeal, we will certainly lodge a protest. Because the defendant is given a lighter punishment of less than 20%, the basis is the way he voluntarily pleads guilty, accepts sentencing suggestions and accepts a quick trial. When the defendant disagrees with the result of the summary sentencing and requests to enter the appeal trial procedure, then the lighter punishment range of less than 20% based on the summary sentencing procedure loses its foundation of existence. The procuratorial organ should protest against the result of the light sentence in the first instance. "

　　……

　　The pilot of quick cutting is still being explored. All kinds of operation methods and doubts that are constantly emerging will gradually build consensus through the continuous cycle of discussion and practice.

　　After Robert O ‘Young, the proponent of "acid-base constitution" in the United States, was awarded US$ 105 million in compensation by the American court, and admitted in court that the "acid-base constitution theory" was a scam, some media questioned the "sixth element" of "promoting acid-base balance" produced by Jiangsu Shuanglin Marine Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and the company subsequently issued a statement, which pushed the debate to a climax. When investigating the products marked with "acid-base balance", Beijing Youth Daily reporter found that these terms have occupied the commanding heights of the market and become star elements across food and beverage, beauty and skin care, massage and health care industries.

　　focus

　　Others are artificial "acid-base constitution"

　　Scam platform

　　Recently, some media have questioned the "sixth element" alkaline health care products produced by Jiangsu Shuanglin Marine Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., which claims to "promote acid-base balance", and the chairman of the company is Liang Shuanglin, who is known as the "father of acid-base physique in China".

　　"The father of China’s acid-base constitution" publicly cries foul.

　　Official website, a reporter from Beijing Youth Daily, inquired about Jiangsu Shuanglin Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and found that Liang Shuanglin was the first advocate of the theory of "human health and acid-base balance" in China. He clearly pointed out that acidic constitution is the new killer of health and the source of all diseases, and strongly appealed for the prevention of acidic constitution.

　　On November 2nd, Robert O ‘Young, the father of the American "acid-base theory", was awarded $105 million in compensation by the American court, and admitted in court that the "acid-base constitution theory" was a scam. However, in the health care products market in China, the "acid-base constitution theory" is still very popular. Liang Shuanglin, who claims to have put forward this theory at the earliest in China, has introduced his own alkaline product "the sixth element". On November 9, Liang Shuanglin argued in an interview with the media: "It is Americans who distort the theory, and the acid-base theory can’t be wrong!" Subsequently, the media interviewed a number of experts from top three hospitals, who did not recognize this theory.

　　On November 12th, official website of Shuanglin Marine Life Company published a letter to a media reporter, issued 12 statements, and uploaded 11 materials as "evidence" to safeguard the validity of the acid-base theory and the "sixth element", and claimed that "the lawyer’s letter was subsequently sent to the newspaper".

　　However, at the time of the press release of Beiqing Daily, its official website had withdrawn the above 12 statements. The prominent position of official website has two contents: statement and relevant materials, and the publication dates are 15th and 13th respectively.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that there was something like this in the statement: "Through Google search and investigation by American journalists, Robert O ‘Young was not a professional doctor, and he did not carry out medical consultation in regular medical institutions. Illegal medical practice led to the death of cancer patients. The US court sentenced him to 105 million US dollars for illegal medical practice, but did not judge him ‘ Acid-base constitution ’ Theory is guilty, and there is no judgment on him ‘ Acid-base constitution ’ Theory is pseudoscience, and he himself has not admitted that his theoretical system is pseudoscience. "

　　The laboratory denied that it had ever issued a report for Shuanglin Company.

　　Both sides focus on whether chitosan (the sixth element) can adjust the "acid-base balance". Some media pointed out that compared with the materials provided, it was found that the most critical report was a test for cells.

　　Supplementary materials provided by official website of Shuanglin Company show that the Experimental Report on Chitosan (the Sixth Element) Regulating Cell Acid-base Balance was made by the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology of Nanjing University on October 20th, 2005, and the experimental report was stamped with the words "Special Seal for Science and Technology Contract of Nanjing University".

　　The research report shows that cells from different sources were used in the experiment, including mouse lung fibroblast L929 cells, mouse monocyte macrophage Raw264.7, human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVEC and so on. The experimental results show that "for all kinds of cell lines used in the experiment, when the cells are in acidic culture environment for a certain period of time, and the growth situation is abnormal or even begins to die, adding chitosan can effectively adjust the pH value of the culture environment and make the cell growth situation obviously improve."

　　However, some doctors questioned that simply proving chitosan can improve the pH value of the cell culture environment for cells cannot prove that the human body can achieve the same effect by taking it. In order to prove that chitosan can change the acid-base environment of human body, clinical tests should be conducted directly for people. In addition, as the provider of the research report, the researchers of the Medical Biotechnology Laboratory of Nanjing University responded to the media and said that when studying chitosan, they did do experiments on the effects of acid and alkali on cells, but they did not do experiments on animals and people, which is different from the theory of human acid and alkali discussed now, and this research has not been published later. All academic achievements in the laboratory are mainly papers. Laboratory access to relevant records shows that no company or product has been identified in the name of the laboratory.

　　Expert: There is no data and investigation on "acid-base level" in China.

　　In the 12 statements issued by official website of Jiangsu Shuanglin Marine Biological Company, it was repeatedly emphasized that the "acid-base theory" won the support of famous experts in many countries, and six experts and scholars, including Chen Keji, academician of China Academy of Sciences, Professor Bian Zhiqiang, chief physician of China-Friendship Hospital, Professor Feng Weiquan, an expert in sports biochemistry, and Professor He Guojiang of Peking Union Medical College, were clearly named.

　　According to media reports, these experts and scholars were interviewed in the report "The New Killer of Acid-base Imbalance Health" published in Science and Technology Daily on September 4, 2001, and made a full-page report. However, none of the above experts said that chitosan (the sixth element) can maintain the acid-base balance of human body. In this report, it was Liang Shuanglin, then general manager of Nantong Dongting Shuizhi Shuanglin Bio-engineering Co., Ltd., who clearly put forward that the sixth element can promote the acid-base balance in the body. At that time, the report quoted his two explanations about the mechanism of improving the acid constitution and promoting the acid-base balance in the body.

　　Chen Keji, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, said that at present, there is no research on the acid-base level of large population in China, let alone the specific relationship between the acid-base level in blood or urine of China population and human health or diseases. "At present, there is no such data and investigation in China. It is not good for us to directly put forward the theory of acid-base constitution, and it will not be recognized. We still need to look at the data. Without data, it is not good to express our opinions."

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed in the investigation that in 2002, Robert O. Yang Gang put forward the theory of "acid-base constitution", and in 2003, this theory had spread to China. Since then, products and markets around acid-base constitution have started to flourish. Wang Huixing, a national registered dietitian, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that acid-base balance and acid-base constitution theory are two completely different concepts, which are easily confused. Robert O ‘Young, an American, put forward not the theory of "acid-base balance" but the theory of "acid-base constitution". Acid-base balance means that under normal circumstances, the acidity and alkalinity of human body are in a dynamic equilibrium state. The human body has a specific buffering mechanism, which can keep the blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Of course, because different parts of the human body have different acidity and alkalinity, what we generally call acid-base balance refers to the acid-base balance in the internal environment.

　　pay close attention

　　What other goods are there?

　　Under the banner of "acid-base constitution"

　　Take the most common soda biscuits and soda water in the market as an example, which are very popular products in recent years. In the investigation, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that the soda biscuits and soda water on the market are the basic biscuits and weakly alkaline water. When it enters the stomach for digestion, it will be neutralized by gastric juice and lose its original alkalinity, because the pH value of gastric juice is between 0.9 and 1.5, which is strongly acidic. In this way, when food is digested by the stomach and absorbed by the small intestine and enters the blood, it has no original alkalinity, and of course it will not change the acidity and alkalinity of the blood. That is to say, no matter what food it is, it will not change the acidity and alkalinity of blood. On the one hand, the acidity and alkalinity of blood is the result of comprehensive balance of various metabolites, and the acidity and alkalinity of food will not change the acidity and alkalinity of human body. On the other hand, food is digested in the stomach, even if it is alkaline, it will be neutralized by gastric juice and will not play a role.

　　Relying on the fashion label of "acid-base balance", the soda water market in China has expanded to several billion shares. According to media statistics, from 2010 to 2014, the average growth rate of soda water market was 14.8%, and the market scale increased from 2.07 billion to 3.59 billion yuan. Search for major brands of e-commerce can find that there are more than 30 soda brands that have cut into the market today, and their prices range from 2 to 5 yuan.

　　When the reporters of Beiqing Daily entered Taobao and JD.COM websites, once they searched for soda cookies, they would jump out of quite a few brands, and the origin, raw materials, taste and price became more and more detailed, with a wide variety of patterns and samples, which made people simply don’t know how to choose. According to rough statistics, most of the 500G soda biscuits have become the main products, ranging from 10 yuan to 100 yuan, and the imported brands in Europe and America are obviously more expensive than domestic brands.

　　In the investigation, the reporter of Beiqing Daily also found that those who joined the "acid-base balance" camp also included skin care, whitening beauty and massage to lose weight.

　　Official website of a Hebei group, which is famous for its concept of "acid-base balance", shows that its products include three series: oral series, external series and instrument series. Take the external use series as an example, including 15 kinds of beauty and skin care products, including DDS revitalizing cream, anti-wrinkle eye cream, repair essence, hydrating facial cleanser, whitening body hand cream and isolation cream.

　　Massage chairs are also eyeing the concept of acid-base balance. Some manufacturers claim that its function is chemical action, and it contains a large number of alkaline elements, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, which are all positively charged, while acidic metabolites in cells, such as phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine, are negatively charged. According to the principle of opposite charge attraction, alkaline elements will neutralize acidic negative ions and excrete them through blood circulation, thus correcting acidic constitution.

　　There are also pharmaceutical companies that have introduced alkali kangsu, saying that women now encounter a big problem because of excessive pressure or unreasonable diet structure, that is, it is difficult to conceive children. At this time, the most important thing is that their body pH needs to be adjusted. Only when the body is in weak alkaline health conditions can women who want children get pregnant easily, especially when they are pregnant with boys. Similar questions have long been answered by doctors, and there is no relationship between them.

　　observe

　　Cut off the interest chain of the rumor of "acid-base constitution"

　　The incident of American Robert O ‘Young, the founder of the theory of acid-base constitution, being fined and compensated, has continued to ferment recently. On November 13th, People’s Health Network published an article pointing out that the rumor of "acid-base constitution" is hard to break, which is related to its bundling with industry. These days, Liang Shuanglin declared to the media that the theory of acid-base constitution is "infallible", which is enough to prove the difficulty of removing the residual poison of this theory. The article said that it is urgent to cut off the connection chain between rumors and interests in combating rumors in health and wellness.

　　In the investigation, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found that the theory of "acid-base constitution" has gone through about 15 years from its birth to today, and its products span many fields and the market scale is growing. Just like the most common-sense problem of giving birth to boys and girls, some established pharmaceutical manufacturers deliberately blur it, which is undoubtedly driven by huge interests. Whether it is food and beverage, whitening skin care or even massage health care, once the label of "acid-base balance" is inserted, the value is immediately extraordinary. For example, an essential oil can be sold for 358 yuan in a small bottle of 10 ml, and a bottle of 90 capsules can be sold to 280 yuan. When introducing the product, the company said that its raw materials are rich in organic active alkali, which can quickly eliminate the acid toxicity in the body and make the human body reach an acid-base balance.

　　The "acid-base physique" incident is not over yet. During the dispute, the media strongly questioned that the company made a high-profile statement, which is right and wrong. At the critical moment, it is especially necessary for the authoritative department to speak out and shoot, and to give the market a fair, product an attitude and consumers a statement.

　　Text/reporter Liu Shenliang

　　point out

　　How to distinguish food, health care products and medicines?

　　In the investigation, the reporter of Beiqing Daily also found that it seems to be a fashion to promote products under the banner of "changing the acid-base balance of the body". Industry insiders told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that if it is a holiday, it is understandable as a gift or a health care product for visiting patients. It is worth noting that some institutions or companies are focusing their attention on middle-aged and elderly people and promoting health care products.

　　For middle-aged and elderly people to buy health care products or similar products, Wang Huixing told the reporters of Beiqing Daily that the first thing is rational consumption and identification of false propaganda. Food or health food cannot replace medicine, nor can it be used for disease prevention and treatment. If there is something wrong with your body, you should choose a regular hospital to consult a doctor instead of blindly believing in health care products, so as not to delay your illness. Secondly, for the elderly who just want health care and improve immunity, make sure that the products you buy are produced by regular manufacturers, with the blue hat logo, and the products are within the validity period; Also make sure that the purchased products are found in official website, State Food and Drug Administration. Third, for children, understand why parents buy products frequently and in large quantities. Fear of illness or fear of loneliness. Because many people sell products, at the same time, there are more salespeople who provide good services, even more companionship than their children.

　　Now whether it is food, drink or health care products on the market, it is possible to exaggerate publicity. How should the public distinguish between food, medicine or health care products?

　　It is understood that the food production license number begins with SC, and food only provides energy and nutrients needed by the human body, so as long as it belongs to food, it has no therapeutic effect. The approval number of health food is national food health word, which begins with g. The approval number of the drug is National Medicine Zhunzi, H stands for chemical drugs, Z stands for proprietary Chinese medicines, B stands for health care drugs, S stands for biological products, T stands for in vitro chemical diagnostic reagents, F stands for pharmaceutical excipients, and J stands for imported sub-packaged drugs.

　　How to check whether the health care products you bought meet the national standards? Log in to official website, china food and drug administration (now the State Administration of Market Supervision) and enter the notation number on the left side of the "Health Food" column, such as G20180001. Information such as the corresponding product and approval time will appear on the website. If it is not found, there may be something wrong with the product you bought.

Recently, a love affair in the entertainment circle has aroused widespread concern. It is reported that Dylan, a popular young student, made a phone call to actress Esther Yu in a live broadcast. This move immediately triggered heated discussion and speculation among fans.

Dylan was promoting a new play recently, but in the live broadcast that night, he suddenly took out his mobile phone and seemed to be calling someone. Although the person on the other end of the phone didn’t make any noise, fans wondered whether this mysterious caller was Esther Yu.

Speaking of the fun of CP powder eating sugar, sometimes the sugar they choose is true, but the goal is wrong. These sweets don’t belong to the CP they made up, but to real lovers. This is really a heartbreaking moment for CP fans.

The news of this relationship has caused fans to fall into crazy speculation. Some fans think that this is the exposure of the love affair between Dylan and Esther Yu, while others think that this is just a coincidence. However, no matter what the truth is, this live event has successfully attracted a lot of attention and has become a hot spot in the entertainment industry recently.

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Editor in charge:

Cycling has many benefits.

It has become

A choice for many people to relax and exercise.

While the "cycling fever" continues to explode,

We should also pay attention to

Scientific riding style

What’s good about cycling?

one

Improve cardiovascular function

When riding a bicycle, the movement of the legs can squeeze the blood from the end of blood vessels and transport it back to the heart, which is called "collateral circulation" in medicine. Long-term and regular cycling exercise can make people’s myocardium contract strongly, enhance heart function, and promote microcirculation of peripheral blood vessels. Therefore, cycling is one of the best exercises to prevent heart disease.

2

Strengthen lung function

Cycling exercise can increase the contraction ability of lung muscles and lung ventilation, and long-term exercise can significantly increase vital capacity. At the same time, because riding is an outdoor exercise, people riding in a better air quality environment will obviously improve the respiratory function of the lungs.

three

Prevent brain aging

Cycling is an exercise dominated by different sides, with both legs pedaling alternately, which can develop the left and right brain functions at the same time and prevent premature aging and neglect of the brain. Cycling will also speed up people’s blood circulation and help the brain take in more oxygen.

four

Enhance limb coordination

When riding, people alternately pedal their legs and master the handlebars in their upper limbs, which can enhance the coordination of their limbs to a certain extent, thus promoting the coordination of their muscles.

five

Lose weight and shape

Cycling is a periodic aerobic exercise, and exercisers can consume more energy, burn more fat and build tight muscles.

six

Conducive to sexual harmony

Riding a bicycle for 4 to 5 kilometers every day can stimulate the secretion of androgen or estrogen and contribute to the harmony of sexual life between husband and wife.

seven

Promote mental health

Cycling regularly can help relieve psychological stress, relieve anxiety and depression, and cultivate an optimistic and positive attitude.

Scientific riding

What should I pay attention to?

1. Special people, including patients with severe hypertension, high myopia and patients with severe joint diseases of lower limbs, are not suitable for cycling.

For patients with severe hemorrhoids, long-term riding may cause perianal itching, pain and other uncomfortable symptoms.

2. When buying a bicycle, you must choose a suitable bicycle according to your height and weight.

3. Riding posture is very important. When the cyclist leans forward excessively, in order to observe the road ahead, he must raise his head and lift his neck. This is a compulsive posture, which can cause tension in the neck muscles. The posture of over-flexion of the waist when riding a bicycle will increase the burden of lumbar intervertebral disc, which will increase the risk of lumbar muscle strain and lumbar disc herniation over time.

4. Insist on exercising step by step. If you suddenly ride at high speed or long distance without long-term training, it will do harm to your body, which may seriously lead to joint effusion, inflammation and even cartilage and meniscus damage.

Tips:

Riding may have the risk of trauma and traffic accidents, so you should plan your route before riding, don’t choose bumpy roads, obey traffic rules and wear a helmet to avoid brain trauma and fractures.

I hope all cycling enthusiasts.

Scientific movement

Safe riding

Declare the information source network, and only use it for popular science publicity, such as invasion and deletion.

Original title: "What are the benefits of riding a popular science? Healthy cycling is very important! 》

Read the original text