Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 13th 　News analysis: ChatGPT, change and risk

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Peng Qian Huang Kun

　　ChatGPT, the big language model of American artificial intelligence company OpenAI, has reached 100 million monthly active users in January about two months after its launch, making it the fastest growing consumer application in history. Relevant experts predict that ChatGPT is not only a breakthrough of a new generation of chat robots, but also will bring great changes to the information industry. However, the risks brought by it, such as academic fraud, technology abuse and public opinion security, cannot be ignored.

　　The prototype of a new generation operating system platform

　　Write imaginative poems in multiple languages, write operational programs, quickly generate abstracts of papers, automatically make data tables, correct grammar and expression errors in articles, and write a news summary of the week … … ChatGPT can not only understand many human problems and instructions, but also smoothly carry out many rounds of dialogue, and also show its ability to solve a variety of general problems in more and more fields.

　　ChatGPT also easily passed some professional-level tests that are difficult for human beings: it recently passed the Google Code L3 (entry-level) engineer test; Passed the final exam of MBA in wharton school and the postgraduate exam of four courses in the University of Minnesota with B and C+ respectively; Passed the qualification examination of American medical practitioners … … The industry described its birth as an "iPhone moment" in the era of artificial intelligence, which means that artificial intelligence has ushered in a revolutionary turning point.

　　"The success of ChatGPT should not only be regarded as a breakthrough of a new generation of chat robots, but also pay attention to the revolution it has brought to artificial intelligence and even the entire information industry." Huang Tiejun, dean of Beijing Zhiyuan Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, said in an exclusive interview that the past decade in the field of artificial intelligence was a decade of deep learning, but there was no outbreak of mobile Internet and cloud computing level in the industry as a whole. "The emergence of ChatGPT is epoch-making, and the big model +ChatGPT has formed the prototype of a new generation of operating system platform."

　　Huang Tiejun said that ChatGPT adopted the route of "big data+big computing power+strong algorithm = big model" in the technical path, and explored a new paradigm in the direction of "basic big model+instruction fine-tuning", in which the basic big model is similar to the brain, and instruction fine-tuning is interactive training, and the combination of the two realizes language intelligence approaching human beings. ChatGPT applies the training mode of "reinforcement learning based on human feedback", and uses human preferences as a reward signal to train the model, which makes the model more and more consistent with human cognitive understanding mode.

　　"This kind of AI can help human beings to make real creation, especially to help human beings improve their creative efficiency, such as improving the efficiency of obtaining information or putting forward novel ideas, and then people can solve their authenticity problems. The improvement of creative efficiency will have great benefits and various influences, which can change the world information pattern. " Chen Xiaoping, director of the Robotics Laboratory of China University of Science and Technology, told reporters.

　　Initiate a new round of artificial intelligence technology competition

　　The advent of ChatGPT is triggering a new round of science and technology competition in the field of artificial intelligence. In the early morning of February 8th, Beijing time, Microsoft launched the latest version of bing search engine and Edge browser supported by ChatGPT, and announced that it would "reshape search". All products such as Microsoft’s Office and Azure cloud services will be integrated with ChatGPT across the board.

　　In the early morning of February 7th, Beijing time, Google also released Bard, the next generation dialogue AI system based on Google LaMDA model. On the same day, Baidu officially announced that the large-scale model project "ERNIE Bot" under development is scheduled to complete internal testing in March and then open to the public. China enterprises such as Alibaba and JD.COM also indicated that they are developing or planning to develop similar products.

　　The global competition in the field of artificial intelligence big model has become increasingly fierce. Huang Tiejun believes that ChatGPT is expected to evolve into a new generation of operating system platform and ecology in the future. This change is similar to the transformation of mobile Internet from personal computer to mobile phone, and most of the computing load will be taken over by the new generation information infrastructure with big model as the core. This new paradigm will affect all levels from application to infrastructure, causing great changes in the whole industrial structure. The ecological dispute between the big model and its software and hardware support system will become the focus of the information industry in the next decade.

　　It is worth noting that ChatGPT sometimes "talks nonsense in a serious way", and there are many problems such as factual errors, blind spots in knowledge and common sense deviations. It also faces the general risks of artificial intelligence such as compliance of training data sources, bias in data use, generation of false information and copyright disputes. Many world-renowned academic journals have updated their editorial guidelines, including that any large-scale language model tool will not be accepted as a signed author of research papers.

　　"The signed author of an academic paper must meet at least two conditions. One is to make ‘ Substantive contribution ’ The second is to be able to bear relevant responsibilities. At present, these two conditions ChatGPT (and other AI systems) are not satisfied. " Chen Xiaoping said.

　　ChatGPT also has the potential to be used in public opinion information warfare. The research team of McGill University in Canada used the previous generation model GPT-2 of ChatGPT to read about 5,000 articles about the COVID-19 epidemic broadcast by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and then asked it to generate "counterfactual news" about the crisis. Even OpenAI warns users who use ChatGPT that it "may occasionally generate incorrect information" and "generate harmful instructions or biased content".

　　"In order to solve these problems, we need to control the application boundary of ChatGPT while developing technology, establish the management regulations for the content generated by artificial intelligence, and evade the use of artificial intelligence to generate and disseminate false and bad content. At the same time, strengthen the development of governance tools and identify the content generated by artificial intelligence through technical means. This is an important prerequisite for content detection and work confirmation. " Tang Jiayu, vice president of Beijing Ruilai Smart Technology Co., Ltd. said.

　　Recently, some media said that more than 70 counties and cities in China have explicitly cancelled the GDP assessment, and China is bidding farewell to the "GDP-only era".

　　For a long time, GDP has been the most concerned measure of economic development. The scale and growth rate of GDP are related to a country’s economic scale, employment and people’s living standards. However, "too much is too late", once GDP is overemphasized, it will fall into a misunderstanding. In some places, GDP is the leader, and at the expense of ecological environment, "the merit is for a while, but the crime is for a long time", which has left indelible pain for the place; In some places, in order to pursue GDP, some achievements projects and face projects have been launched, which may even bring endless hidden dangers to society, such as violent demolition and land acquisition disputes.

　　Reform is bound to go through pain. In the eyes of some local politicians, changing the previous mode of economic growth may face development problems such as unemployment and falling investment rate, or, to put it bluntly, the problem of "leaders can’t face it." However, for the long-term, sustainable and coordinated development of economy, society and ecology in China, the old idea of "only following GDP" must be changed.

　　From Fujian to Zhejiang, and then to the top leaders, the top leaders have very rich and comprehensive opinions and discussions on GDP. By reading these expositions of the Supreme Leader, we can understand the new ideas of China’s future economic development and adapt to the "new normal". Today, the study group sorted out the discussion of the supreme leader on this issue for all the aspiring team members, especially those in leadership positions, to study seriously.

　　1. It depends on GDP, but it cannot be "GDP only"

　　It depends on GDP, but not only GDP. The rapid growth of GDP is a political achievement, and ecological protection and construction are also political achievements; Economic and social development is political achievements, and maintaining social stability is also political achievements; Immediate development is political achievements, laying the foundation is also to solve problems in economic development, and solving people’s livelihood problems is also political achievements.

　　-Zhijiang New Language (February 8, 2004)

　　2. "Don’t simply talk about heroes by GDP"

　　With such a large country and such a large population, we must still firmly adhere to economic construction as the center. At the same time, it is necessary to fully understand the relationship between sustained and healthy development and GDP growth, and prevent development from being simplified to increasing GDP, and blindly rank the heroes by GDP. The mode of transformation and structural adjustment are the hurdles that we must overcome in our development process. If we want to change and adjust, we must control the speed within a reasonable range. Otherwise, resources, funds, markets and other relationships are very tight, and we will not be able to change and adjust. At all levels, we should pursue the real GDP without moisture, and pursue effective, quality and sustainable economic development.

　　—— On November 5, 2013, I visited Hunan.

　　We no longer simply talk about heroes based on the growth rate of GDP, but emphasize on improving the quality and efficiency of economic growth. Facts have proved that this policy is responsible, not only for China itself, but also for the world.

　　-Speech at the APEC CEO Summit on October 7, 2013

　　3. Both GDP and green GDP are needed.

　　We should correctly handle the relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection, firmly establish the concept that protecting the ecological environment means protecting productive forces, and improving the ecological environment means developing productive forces, and more consciously promote green development, circular development and low-carbon development, and never exchange temporary economic growth at the expense of the environment.

　　—— On May 24th, 2013, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held the sixth collective study.

　　Development and innovation are the requirements of the sustainable growth of the world economy. Relying solely on stimulus policies and large-scale direct government intervention in economic growth will only cure the symptoms, not the root cause, while growth based on a large amount of resource consumption and environmental pollution will be even more difficult to sustain. We should improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth and avoid talking about heroes simply by GDP growth rate. All countries should stimulate market vitality and enhance economic competitiveness through active structural reforms.

　　-Speech at the APEC CEO Summit on October 7, 2013

　　Development is the top priority of our party in governing and rejuvenating the country. We have entered a new stage of development, and the current development is not only to solve the problem of food and clothing, but to accelerate the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way and basically realize modernization ahead of schedule; We should not only pursue speed, but also pursue the unity of speed, quality and benefit; We should not blindly develop and pollute the environment, leaving a heavy burden on future generations, but do a good job in population, resources and environment in accordance with the requirements of coordinating the harmonious development of man and nature. To this end, we need both GDP and green GDP.

　　-Zhijiang New Language (March 19, 2004)

　　Environment is productivity, and a good ecological environment is GDP.

　　-Excerpt from the speech of the Supreme Leader during his investigation in Lishui City on August 8, 2003.

　　4, change the cadre assessment methods.

　　To improve the assessment methods and means, we should look at both development and foundation, both outstanding achievements and potential achievements, and take indicators and achievements such as improvement of people’s livelihood, social progress and ecological benefits as important assessment contents. We can no longer simply talk about heroes by GDP growth rate. It is necessary to establish a strong sense of talent, look for talents, be eager for talents, find talents as treasures, recommend talents in an eclectic way, and use talents to their best.

　　-Speech at the National Organizational Work Conference on June 28, 2013

　　It is necessary to scientifically formulate evaluation indicators for cadres’ political achievements and form a correct employment orientation and employment system. The actual situation in different places is different, and the requirements and emphasis of measuring political achievements should also be different.

　　-Zhijiang New Language (February 8, 2004)

　　5, not one-sided pursuit of GDP

　　The concept of political achievements is closely related to the concept of development. What kind of outlook on political achievements, what kind of outlook on development, and vice versa. For some time, some cadres have had misunderstandings on the issue of "development", taking "development is the last word" as "economic growth is the last word" and simplifying economic development to GDP determines everything. Under the guidance of this one-sided view of development, some places have a one-sided view of political achievements based on economic data and economic indicators, and even engage in "image project" and "political achievements project", which has brought burdens and hidden dangers to local development and triggered many social contradictions and problems.

　　-Zhijiang New Language (August 26, 2004)

　　As a requirement for the quality and benefit of economic development, "good" mainly runs through the binding indicators represented by energy saving, consumption reduction and emission reduction; As an emphasis on the speed of economic development, "fast" is more reflected in the expected indicators represented by GDP growth. Under the current conditions, it is more difficult to achieve "good" than "fast". This requires us to further implement Scientific Outlook on Development in formulating and implementing the work plan, and not to pursue the GDP growth rate unilaterally.

　　-Zhijiang New Language (January 10, 2007)

　　6. GDP is not the ultimate goal.

　　We should know clearly what is the ultimate goal of material civilization construction and spiritual civilization construction. GDP, fiscal revenue and residents’ income are some important indicators, but they are not the ultimate goals. Their ultimate goal is to promote people’s all-round development, including improving people’s material life, enriching people’s spiritual life, improving people’s quality of life, improving people’s ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality.

　　-Zhijiang New Language (December 27, 2004)

　　Development can not be separated from the "people". We still need GDP, but economic growth is not equal to development. We must also make it clear that economic development is not the ultimate goal, but people-centered social development is the ultimate goal. First of all, development can not be separated from the "people".

　　-Speech at the Ninth Session of the Ninth Standing Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Political Consultative Conference on December 28th, 2004.

　　7. Not only GDP, but also GDP.

　　To insist on Scientific Outlook on Development’s development, we should first accelerate it, not stop it or slow it down. Scientific Outlook on Development is not only about GDP, but it also needs GDP. In order to speed up development, we must develop better. If we can’t grasp the law of development, we will be more haste, less speed, and it will be impossible to speed up development. Maybe our good wishes will fail, or our good wishes will be counterproductive. If we try our best to speed up development, go against the law and rush for success, or follow the old road and don’t follow Scientific Outlook on Development’s requirements, it will be impossible to speed up development. This dialectical relationship should be clarified, and people-oriented and comprehensive coordination should be adhered to.

　　-Speech on January 27th, 2005 in Huzhou.

　　Http://star.news.sohu.com/20140814/N403430138.shtmlstar.news.sohu.com false People’s Daily Online (Editor: UN639) Original title: Media interpretation of how the supreme leader views GDP.