From scale speed to quality efficiency, China’s economy has a higher ＂gold content＂
Editor’s note:
2020 is the year when a well-off society is built in an all-round way and the 13th Five-Year Plan ends. Looking back at China’s economic development in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, with the development mode from scale to speed to quality and efficiency gradually taking shape, China’s comprehensive national strength, economic strength, scientific and technological strength and international influence have leapt to a new level.
From now on, People’s Daily Finance launched "Looking Back ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ "I like to see new achievements" series of reports, combing the new achievements made in China’s economic and social reform and development in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, and showing the new struggle of people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead.
In 2019, China’s GDP reached 99.1 trillion yuan, contributing about 30% to world economic growth; Per capita GDP exceeded the $10,000 mark for the first time, taking a solid step towards the level of high-income countries; The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth remained around 60%, the urbanization rate of permanent residents rose to 60.6%, and the energy consumption per unit GDP decreased by 13.2% compared with 2015. In the past five years, the total number of new jobs in cities and towns in China has exceeded 60 million … …
Under the changing situation of the world economy, a series of data reflect that China’s economic strength has greatly jumped, its economic structure has been continuously optimized, its economic growth has more quality and efficiency, its people’s sense of gain, happiness and security has been continuously improved, and their understanding of the law of economic and social development has been further deepened in practice.
"Gold content" is higher
Behind the economic aggregate of nearly 100 trillion, the quality is improving.
On June 1st this year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port. In the 100 days after the announcement of the plan, there were more than 89,000 new market entities in Hainan. In the 88 days after Hainan implemented the new policy of duty-free shopping for outlying islands, the duty-free sales of the whole island reached 8.3 billion yuan.
The sustained release of the development bonus of Hainan Free Trade Port is a vivid epitome of China’s vigorous economic development during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.
From 2016 to 2019, the total economic output of China increased from 70 trillion yuan to nearly 100 trillion yuan, and the economic growth rate remained above 6%, accounting for 16% of the global economy and contributing about 30% to the world economic growth. At the same time, as the first major economy to resume growth since the outbreak of the epidemic, China’s economic influence in the world is also constantly improving.
While the economic strength has greatly jumped, the economic structure of China has been continuously optimized, the quality and efficiency have been steadily improved, and the "gold content" of economic development has become more sufficient.
In 2019, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China reached 41.2 trillion yuan, which has become the largest market in the world, and the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth remained at around 60%. In 2019, the added value of high-tech industries above designated size accounted for 14.4%, and the added value of service industry accounted for 53.9% of GDP.
At the same time, the total R&D investment ranks second in the world, and the average annual growth rate of emerging service industries such as information transmission, software and information technology services is as high as 19.4% in the past four years. With the emergence of a large number of innovative achievements such as manned space flight, lunar exploration project and quantum communication, new economic kinetic energy is constantly emerging.
Feng Qiaobin, deputy director of the Macroeconomic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said in an exclusive interview with People’s Daily Online that among the 25 main indicators identified in the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the urbanization rate of permanent residents and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population have been achieved ahead of schedule, and most other indicators are nearing completion and progressing steadily.
"More importantly, the pace of economic transformation and upgrading is accelerating, and the development mode has gradually shifted from scale and speed to quality and efficiency. The increase in the proportion of added value in the service industry is the best example. With innovation and entrepreneurship becoming a common practice in the whole society, China’s economy will be further transformed and upgraded with confidence and momentum in the future. " Feng Qiaobin said.
Pan Helin, Executive Dean and Professor of Digital Economy Research Institute of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, also believed in an exclusive interview with People’s Daily Online that the continuous deepening of the practice of high-quality development concept led to the continuous optimization of China’s economic structure, and innovation-driven development and the construction of an open economy became an important highlight of China’s economic development during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period.
Have a better sense of gain
The per capita GDP has exceeded $10,000, and there is a great livelihood in the "money bag"
In Yunshan Village, Zhutang Township, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Pu ‘er City, Yunnan Province, along the smooth cement road, brick-concrete tile houses are neatly arranged, with lush trees and flowers on both sides of the road, fragrant melons and fruits in front of the house and hidden by green mountains and green waters, the picture of beautiful countryside unfolds vividly.
In China, more and more "Yunshan Villages" are moving from poverty-stricken mountainous areas with a poverty incidence rate as high as 70% to villages inhabited by ethnic groups, to a new model of "infrastructure+industrial development+quality improvement".
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, decisive results were achieved in tackling poverty: more than 50 million poor farmers were lifted out of poverty, and the per capita net income of poverty-stricken households with established files nationwide increased from 3,416 yuan in 2015 to 9,808 yuan in 2019.
In 2019, China’s per capita GDP exceeded 10,000 US dollars, and the per capita disposable income of the national residents reached 30,733 yuan, an increase of 39.9% over 2015, and the scale of middle-income groups continued to expand.
At the same time as income increases, the concept of "great people’s livelihood" continues to deepen.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China vigorously implemented the employment priority policy, 2016— In 2019, the total number of new jobs in cities and towns reached 53.78 million, and the number of people participating in pension, medical care, unemployment, work injury and maternity insurance continued to increase, and the construction of affordable housing projects was accelerated.
In 2019, the proportion of excellent days in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level was 82%. Among the 337 monitored cities at or above the prefecture level, 46.6% of the cities met the air quality standards, an increase of 25 percentage points over 2015. By the end of 2019, of the nine binding indicators in the field of ecological environmental protection clearly defined in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", seven have completed their target tasks ahead of schedule.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, with the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and regional coordinated development strategy, the income level of rural residents and residents in the central and western regions of China continued to increase, and the income ratio of urban and rural residents decreased from 2.73 in 2015 to 2.64 in 2019.
Pan Helin believes that under the general environment of global instability and uncertainty and downward pressure on the international economy, China has stabilized the basic livelihood by tackling poverty and stabilizing the basic income sources of employment. At the same time, actively promote the construction of public service systems such as medical care and education, which has effectively improved the living standards and happiness of China people.
“‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ The continuous improvement of people’s livelihood and well-being in the period benefited from the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core insisting on taking the people as the center and taking the people’s sense of happiness and gain as the standard to promote reform and formulate policies. At the same time, it also benefited from the development dividend brought by China’s economic transformation and upgrading process and the pragmatic practice of the people of China. " Feng Qiaobin said.
The concept is further deepened
Respect the law of factor flow and solidly promote high-quality development.
On August 24th this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over a symposium of experts in the economic and social fields and delivered an important speech.
The supreme leader pointed out that theory originates from practice and is used to guide practice. Since the reform and opening up, we have summed up new vivid practices in time, constantly promoted theoretical innovation, and put forward many important conclusions on major issues such as development concept, ownership, distribution system, government functions, market mechanism, macro-control, industrial structure, corporate governance structure, people’s livelihood security, and social governance.
Looking back at the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the remarkable feature of China’s economic development is to enter a new normal.
Under the new normal, the main characteristics of China’s economic development are: the growth rate should be changed from high speed to medium speed, the development mode should be changed from scale speed to quality efficiency, the adjustment of economic structure should be changed from incremental expansion to adjustment of stock and optimization, and the driving force for development should be changed from relying mainly on resources and low-cost labor to innovation.
The development course of these five years has witnessed the further deepening of our understanding of the regularity of economic and social development.
Under the guidance of the people-centered development idea, we adhered to the new development concept and paid more attention to the coordination and sustainability of development: the industrial structure was continuously optimized, the coordinated development strategy of major regions was accelerated, the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and regions showed a new pattern, the number of pilot free trade zones was expanded to 21, and the pace of reform and opening up continued to accelerate.
Feng Qiaobin believes that during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China’s economy changed from high-speed to medium-high-speed growth. Under the change of objective situation, the CPC Central Committee further deepened its understanding of the regularity of economic and social development and proposed to promote high-quality development. At the same time, coordinating the two overall domestic and international situations, promoting high-level opening to the outside world, and gradually achieving higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development.
In April this year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism for the Market-oriented Allocation of Elements, clearly proposing to promote the independent and orderly flow of elements. Feng Qiaobin believes that respecting the law of independent flow of factors reflects China’s firm determination to further stimulate the creativity and economic vitality of the whole society and promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development.
"At the same time, the whole ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period ’ We have a deeper understanding of the relationship between the government and the market. Especially in the process of resolutely winning the epidemic prevention and control war, once again let us see the important role of China’s effective market and the coordinated efforts of the government. " Feng Qiaobin said.