Since I came into contact with cycling, I have been fascinated by it all day. Many relatives and friends around you who don’t know much about this sport will always ask you some questions that will make you die in minutes. Have you been recruited?

　　Since riding a bike, I have taken selfies with my car for several days every day. My relatives and friends can’t help but always comment below: "Didn’t you go to work today?" "Are you going to be an athlete?" "Riding a bike again? Resigned? " .

　　There are also some cycling friends who are not very familiar with me: "I envy you so much. I just ride a bike every day without going to work."

　　Most cyclists are ordinary students and white-collar workers like you and me. Every day, we are busy studying and working. The photos were taken before, and the class has to continue. I just spend all your time playing mobile phones and brushing friends’ circle on what I love.

　　I went home for dinner with my family on holiday. After riding to the hotel, my seven aunts and eight aunts always asked me when I came by bike: "Your bike looks very good, isn’t it thousands?" At this time, you want to smash your LW wheelset and plum blossom steel frame in their faces, but you hold back and answer with a smile: "Well, yes, 2000 yuan."

　　What I am most afraid of when riding a bike is waiting for the traffic lights at the same time as the electric car. They will always blow some incredible cows with you. "I also rode a bike when I was young, the kind of 28-bar. At that time, I rode at an average speed of 40, but I could only ride for one hour continuously. Can you ride to 60 kilometers per hour? "

　　Punch your chest with a fist! The average speed of the Tour de France is only over 40. How fast can a bicycle ride? Do you really have no X number in mind?

　　Bicycles and Sichuan and Tibet do not have to be equated, and Sichuan and Tibet are not the common pursuit of everyone. Cyclists either pursue speed or distance, but as a girl whose endurance and explosiveness are not very good, I only superficially pursue whether my equipment looks good or not, and whether it is handsome to ride.

　　I prefer to take my bike from the small Swiss town of Melingen to enjoy the scenery along the way, or visit every inch of the beach on the island of San Juan in the United States.

　　Pursuing difference, that’s all.

　　"I watched TV yesterday, and a marathon runner died suddenly." "Yesterday, it was said on the Internet that someone had an accident by bike." ….. Parents and friends around us will worry about our lives from time to time. We have to admit that everyone who rides a bike will be injured to some extent, but as long as it is scientific training and real-time physical examination, the probability of accidents is very low. What’s more, we may have accidents when walking on the road. How can we give up 99% happiness because of 1% accidents?

　　Make money? It’s just a joke. Only those big PROs that we can’t reach can really make money by playing games, and the games that normal riders participate in are more riding than competitive games with bonuses. Not only can’t we make money, but we also have to spend registration fees, insurance premiums, travel expenses, accommodation fees, etc … Do you think it’s incredible that we spent so much money on a bicycle? However, I think, compared with the money spent in the hospital waiting in line to see a doctor and charging cards in the game to buy skin, the money is worth it.

　　Many people contact bicycles with the slogan of "losing weight". Of course, many people insist that riding really flies to the branches and becomes a phoenix, becoming Gao Fushuai. They constantly break through in sports and feel the vitality brought by sports.

　　But more people, after riding a bike, take part in one corruption game after another with their riders. Fortunately, they will not gain much weight after eating calories. It is also good to be a fat man who loves cycling.

　　Most people will definitely answer you: What boyfriend/girlfriend do you need to ride a bike? But I want to tell you that many people around me get to know each other by riding a bike. They have the same language and hobbies in their lives, and they are happier than others!

　　But I still want to shout: there is not enough time to ride a bike! What else!

　　If your friends around you have had these suffocating operations on you, I suggest you tell him directly.

From October 11th to 13th, a think tank meeting, which has always been known as the authority of China urban rail development, will be held in Shenzhen, "China Urban Rail Transit Owners’ Leaders Summit 2021" to help build a smart urban rail and a strong transportation country.

Taking this opportunity, as the organizer of this conference, Shenzhen Metro will also hold a TOD brand launch conference with the theme of "Arriving at Unlimited Possibility" on October 13th, sharing the pioneering experience of how to use the "track+property" model to continuously feed back the construction and operation of rail transit and build a three-dimensional, efficient and intensive urban ecological space.

Behind the TOD model, which has aroused heated discussion in the industry, there are exciting blueprints:

By the end of 2020, 29 cities in China have carried out TOD comprehensive development, with a total land reserve of nearly 50 million ㎡ and an income increase of about 17 billion yuan. According to the international experience, almost all prosperous areas have central cities as their main platforms, and a strong rail transit network is often their important infrastructure. For example, the rail transit and TOD layout extending in all directions in San Francisco Bay Area, new york Bay Area and Tokyo Bay Area are examples.

In contrast, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is still in the initial stage of TOD territory expansion in metropolitan area, but Shenzhen, the core city, has made a breakthrough from it, explaining the story of urban double engine with urban rail construction and TOD development mode.

Race with the Times: China Urban Rail Transit Towards the New Blue Ocean

As the saying goes, "If you want to be rich, build roads first".

The road is clear, and all industries are prosperous. From China’s first urban rail line, Beijing Metro Line 1, on October 1, 1969, the 8,449-kilometer urban rail transit line that has been put into operation in 49 cities now ranks first in the world (including 6,641 kilometers of subway lines); From being a hundred years behind (the world’s first urban rail was the London Metro, which was opened to traffic in 1863) to becoming a new national business card, the China urban rail has completed a leap-forward development at a speed that shocked the world.

Image source: bigemap map

This criss-crossing urban rail crossing mountains and seas is a symbol of urban roads in the new era, and it also carries the dreams of hundreds of millions of people in China, and embodies the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to go far away and reach infinite possibilities.

According to incomplete statistics, in 2020, the domestic urban rail network completed a total of 17.59 billion passenger trips, which is equivalent to carrying the total population of the earth more than twice. In the same year, the proportion of urban rail transit passenger traffic in the total public transport passenger traffic nationwide was 38.7%, up 4.1 percentage points year-on-year; Among them, the passenger traffic of urban rail in six cities, including Beishangguangshen Ningrong, accounts for at least half of the country.

Data source: China Urban Rail Association, calculated from the monthly passenger traffic data of central cities published by official website, Ministry of Communications.

Today, China’s economy continues to develop steadily, but the traffic congestion problem is becoming increasingly serious. Undoubtedly, the construction of urban rail transit has been strongly supported by national policies, and it has moved from a big urban rail country to a strong urban rail country.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the development of urban rail transit was included in the plan development outline for the first time at the national level, and it was regarded as a major strategy to stimulate the sustainable development of the national economy, especially the economy of big cities.

In 2019, the country launched a new infrastructure strategy. Among the seven key infrastructure areas, the construction of "urban rail transit" is impressively listed;

In the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the Draft Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-term Target in 2035 also proposed that the mileage of urban rail transit in China will increase by 3,000 kilometers during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and it is estimated that the cumulative passenger traffic will exceed 100 billion passengers during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and the accumulated investment is expected to reach 1,818.8 billion yuan.

Even if the policy dividend is put aside, urban rail is still a transportation system that competes with the times and has strong endogenous development momentum.

First, from the demand side, even if China is stronger than first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, its urban rail density still lags far behind that of international metropolises.

Under the background of deepening urbanization, the formed urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas will further release the transportation needs such as logistics and people flow, followed by the continuous increase in the number of private cars, with traffic congestion as a typical urban disease. This means that in the foreseeable future, domestic urban rail transit construction still has a large room for growth.

Second, from the supply side, as of the end of 2020, the network planning of 61 cities nationwide has been approved and under construction, with a line length of 6,797.5 kilometers, accounting for 80% of the total line length currently in operation. Take Shenzhen as an example. According to the plan put forward by the Municipal Transportation Work Conference, by 2025, Shenzhen will build "640 kilometers of urban rail+220 kilometers of railway".

Source: Wind, CITIC Construction Investment

On the other hand, there are more than 100 cities in China that are planning rail transit, and more cities that meet the requirements for subway declaration still have no subways, which means that more supply reserve troops are ready to go. Therefore, it can almost be concluded that with the promotion of "urban integration", the national urban rail system will continue to gain development momentum.

Urban rail, which blooms everywhere, is changing the space-time layout of a city by means of point-to-line and line-to-network, and also broadening the road for the city to a better future.

The orderly operation of a modern city depends on public transportation, and urban rail transit is the first choice for public transportation. Further exploration, the aorta of domestic urban rail transit is the subway.

Source: China Urban Rail Transit Association, as of June 30, 2021.

As an important part of the urban public transportation system, if the basic function of making travel more convenient and faster is put aside, the construction and operation of the project will also promote the development of property and commerce along the surrounding areas, and often form a unique "subway economic belt".

After all, travel is not an end, but arrival.

Exploring the "city" in the city: TOD model empowers the diversified and efficient development of the city

"People come to cities to live, and people live in cities to live better." -Aristotle

China’s urban rail construction has entered the fast lane of speeding up. From a subway to rail transit in major cities all over the country, innovation is still going on, and China’s wisdom is creating the future. Then the soul torture is coming. Besides providing increasingly convenient and fast transportation, what kind of surprises will the urban rail bring to people’s lives?

Due to different personal preferences, the answers are bound to be varied. But the TOD project will be one of the popular answers, which represents people’s yearning for a better life in the era of urban rail transit.

What new species is TOD?

In the past, the development of domestic cities was mainly based on spatial expansion, but now the logic has changed to spatial optimization.

Take Shanghai, where the density of domestic urban rail is at the forefront, when the domestic TOD project has not been introduced, because the subway line construction has been spreading in various districts of Shanghai, the real estate is often developed wherever the rail is built, that is, the "subway house" in the usual sense. Although in this mode, Line 1 has driven Xinzhuang, Line 9 has driven Songjiang and Line 11 has driven Jiading … But this simple and rough development mode is obviously not a long-term solution for big cities with increasingly insufficient land space and increasingly congested cities, and new urban planning urgently needs a dose of "TOD medicine".

When it comes to TOD, I believe that the deepest impression of most people is "the subway is covered". In the ordinary urban rail depot, vehicles used to park in the open air. If a large concrete cover is added on it, then this "cover" is equivalent to re-creating a valuable building land. Under the cover, new properties are built on the cover, which is commonly known as "superstructure property (subway roof)". This creative development idea, on the one hand, solves the problems of land shortage and housing difficulties, on the other hand, realizes the property feeding back to the urban rail and ensures the sustainable development of the urban rail property.

Comparison of the effect of "building property"

It should be noted that the "superstructure" only reflects one aspect of the TOD project, not the whole picture. In the early years, the United States took the lead in proposing a new mode of urban development TOD: transit-oriented-development, that is, an urban development mode centered on public transportation hubs, and establishing a central square or city center with a radius of 400-800 meters. It is no exaggeration to say that the standard TOD is a "mini city center". You can stay in it for a long time, but you can always easily communicate with the outside world.

Therefore, the TOD concept project is by no means equivalent to a subway house. It is not a single residential/commercial area built on the urban rail, nor a simple combination of various formats, but a fusion of life scenes: office, business, residence and other public buildings and landscape environments are integrated into one project, and people can enjoy a suitable street network pattern, work and living space.

Image source: Shenzhen Railway Real Estate

How is the excellent TOD practiced?

In the Shinjuku subway area of Tokyo, there are 17 rail lines gathering here, with 3.64 million people entering and leaving the gate/day, and there are 178 subway exits, the number of which is staggering. It has long been certified by Guinness World Records as the subway station with the largest number of users in the world.

In order to strengthen the link between the station and the surrounding commercial facilities, the developer upgraded the whole area into a more diversified "international exchange city". For example, in the aspect of transfer planning, the seamless connection of underground station, station business, above-ground station and above-ground business has been achieved; In terms of staying experience, more green nodes such as green terraces are added to "embellish" it.

It is not only the newly planned administrative and commercial center in Tokyo, but also a commercial district where department stores and commercial streets gather, and there are many famous enterprise headquarters, which makes the purchasing power of the huge floating population and the empowerment of the city have been qualitatively improved.

Looking back to China, the TOD project has a longer cycle than ordinary property development projects. According to the 3-4 year cycle, the number of follow-up plans, investment demand and business income of the sector may be fed back during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. In addition, many late-developing cities, such as Guiyang, Nanchang and Lanzhou, are still in the initial stage of rail transit construction, and the lines have not yet been networked. The primary and secondary linkage of land business and TOD project planning have not yet been carried out due to the scale of rail transit. However, in the long run, with more and more urban rail transit plans approved, the market prospect of TOD project development is very broad.

In recent years, many mainland cities have also taken the lead in emerging a number of high-quality TOD projects.

Shanghai’s largest transportation hub, Dahongqiao, is home to airports, high-speed rail, urban rail and expressway. The Vanke Sky City project, which is entrenched here, draws lessons from the Japanese TOD model. Around Xuying Road Station of Line 17, the core of planning is the concept of 15-minute life circle mentioned in Shanghai 2035.

At the moment when the subway construction is in full swing, the TOD exploration road of Shenzhen Railway Real Estate, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shenzhen Railway Group, also has many remarkable points.

Innovating "Track+Property" Mode and Practicing TOD Development Concept

In the eyes of the industry, TOD requires developers’ overall consideration ability and comprehensive coordination ability because it involves many stakeholders and the design scheme is complex. At present, there are few enterprises that have successfully implemented TDO mode in China, and Shenzhen Railway Real Estate, a subsidiary of Shenzhen Railway Group, is one of the few leading explorers.

The essence of the "track+property" development model of Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd. is the synchronous planning, synchronous design and synchronous construction of superstructure (Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd.) and subway line construction (Shenzhen Railway Construction Co., Ltd.), and provides financial support for the sustainable development of urban rail transit through the development of subway superstructure.

Image source: Shenzhen Railway Real Estate

Perhaps it is also due to the deep coupling with the parent company Shenzhen Metro Group in business collaboration. Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd., which covers two core businesses of property development and hub, has won the top three of the "Top Ten Comprehensive Strength of Shenzhen Real Estate Development Industry" for five consecutive years, and achieved sales of over 10 billion yuan for six consecutive years. As of September, 2021, Shenzhen Railway Property Co., Ltd. has obtained the comprehensive development right of 16 superstructure projects along the track, with a total development scale of 11.07 million ㎡, of which the built delivery area is about 3.9556 million ㎡, the construction area is about 5.44 million ㎡, and the construction area is about 1.666 million ㎡.

Source: Shenzhen Railway Real Estate.

The major TOD projects under Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd. have been completed one after another, which actually reflects the new changes in the development model of TOD in recent years.

First, from "single station independent development" to "district overall planning, station-city integration"

Take the Qianhai International Hub Project of Shenzhen Railway as an example. The planned hub and superstructure projects of this project have a total land area of 20 hectares and a total construction area of about 2.159 million ㎡. Upon completion, it is estimated that the total passenger flow will reach 750,000.

The planning of the project skillfully adopts the design concept of "integration of stations and cities". From the overall planning, Qianhai Hub connects Guangdong and Hong Kong with five lines, and the three-dimensional public transportation is seamlessly connected with the high-end urban complex, so as to build an intensive and three-dimensional 24-hour dynamic community based on Shenzhen Qianhai and radiating the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, shape the image of an international modern city window, and form the landmark and regional core of Qianhai District.

In terms of traffic design, on the premise of ensuring efficient transfer of internal pedestrian traffic, it is also connected with surrounding buildings or plots through underground, ground and second-floor pedestrian systems to realize fast and convenient pedestrian contact between the project and the surrounding areas.

Finally, the property and hub implement the concept of "integration" in the whole process of the project through integrated design management, planning, construction and operation.

In the future, in such a comprehensive community with mixed functions, the subway is carrying dreams to shuttle day and night. On the one hand, there are endless trains, on the other hand, there are bustling commercial and office areas, and on the other hand, it is a peaceful and quiet livable place.

Schematic diagram of station-city integration of "Shenzhen Railway Qianhai Transportation Hub"

Second, the transformation from "spatial planning" to "functional planning, spatial planning and integrated design"

The Jin Shang Garden of the subway, jointly presented by two state-owned enterprises, Shenzhen Railway Group and Zhenye Group, is seamlessly connected with Liuyue Station of Metro Line 3, and is a large-scale complex covering residential, apartment, commercial and sports parks.

The project innovatively combines the two values of "subway" and "park", and is adjacent to a large sports park in functional planning, including tennis courts, basketball courts, circular jogging tracks and other facilities; In space planning, brand businesses such as Boxma Xiansheng, China Film International Cinema, Starbucks and Decathlon are gathered to build a metropolis experience.

Third, the transformation from "space design around the site" to "characteristic scene creation" serving people’s life, travel and work needs.

The Shenzhen Railway Reading Mountain Garden Project can be said to have left a rich and colorful stroke for the construction of TOD characteristic scenes of Shenzhen Railway Real Estate. The project is positioned as an ecological zone of universities, a subway metropolis and an elite quality residential area. It is a high-grade elite quality community integrating housing, schools and supporting businesses. Because it is adjacent to well-known universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua and south university of science and technology of china, it has successfully created a characteristic scene of a humanistic university with mountains.

Fourth, change from "development and construction" to "comprehensive operation"

As the first masterpiece of urban high-end residential buildings created by Shenzhen Railway Property, Shenzhen Railway Yifu Project is a 750,000 ㎡ humanistic and ecological complex integrating high-end residential buildings, colorful businesses, sports parks and nine-year education facilities. From the beginning of the design, the project was based on the thinking of comprehensive operation, instead of relying too much on one subway station, it was built on four subway stations: Antuo Mountain, Shenkang, Qiaocheng North and Shenyun. The Antuo Mountain area is connected with Xiangmi Lake and OCT, and it is expected to become a new sample of urban mountain residence.

Schematic diagram of Shenzhen Tieyi Mansion

From "Qianhai International Hub Center" to "Shenzhen Railway House", it is a brand-new exploration and breakthrough again and again for the younger Shenzhen Railway home buyers in the young cities. Relying on the deep accumulation of Shenzhen Railway Group for more than 12 years, Shenzhen Railway Real Estate will continue to deepen the TOD model and build a more anticipated "track+property" map.

Of course, beyond the transformation, we need more persistence. Many TOD classic concepts, such as people-centered, efficient land opening and efficient accessibility, have always run through the long journey of Shenzhen Railway to help residents on the urban rail reach infinite possibilities.

    On May 18th, 2023 commercial guns of Great Wall Intelligent Luxury commercial pickup truck were listed in Huanxin, Guangzhou. The official guide price of gasoline models was 99,800-135,800 yuan, and the official guide price of diesel models was 106,800-142,800 yuan. At the same time, users enjoyed four major car buying gifts: financial gift, replacement gift, service gift and recommendation gift.

    The front face of the new car is completely refreshed, with a large area of V-shaped mesh matrix mesh, which is fashionable in atmosphere. The interior is fully upgraded, with a smart floating screen design, equipped with a 12.3-inch Zhilian large screen and a large area of soft materials; There are also intelligent equipment such as keyless entry, one-button start, automatic parking, electric sunroof and automatic headlights.

    Equipped with a new generation of intelligent car networking, it supports AI intelligent voice, vehicle remote control, FOTA wireless upgrade, online map, smart parking and other functions, and is convenient in technology. You can also send and receive WeChat, brush Tik Tok, K songs, etc., with rich entertainment functions.

    The 2023 commercial gun is equipped with the top ten engines of 2.0T "China Heart", with gasoline power up to 70kW/L and diesel power up to 60kW/L, with strong power; Match the 6MT/8AT transmission to form a golden power combination, which is stronger, more economical, more environmentally friendly and more reliable; Smooth shifting and fast response; Equipped with Borgwarner electronic control part-time 4wd, easy to operate.

    The new car comes standard with ESP, which integrates brake assist, traction control, uphill assist and steep slope descent. Equipped with right front blind spot monitoring, tire pressure monitoring and other configurations, optional megapixel 360 surround system to prevent accidents to the greatest extent; Equipped with four airbags, the proportion of high-strength steel in the whole vehicle is as high as 48%, high-strength cage body, high-strength door anti-collision beam, automatic collision unlocking and automatic fuel cut-off.

    Commercial guns are designed, manufactured and produced according to the standards of passenger cars. The body is made of galvanized sheet, and the salt spray test lasts for more than 1000 hours, which greatly improves the corrosion resistance of the whole vehicle. The chassis adopts high-strength trapezoidal frame and leaf spring, which improves the bearing capacity. Standard metal anti-roll frame helps to protect the safety of vehicles, and an outer rope hook is added, which makes the fixation of articles more convenient and reliable; Equipped with metal chassis guard to deal with rough road conditions; The original factory has its own traction qualification to expand diverse lives.

    Great Wall pickup truck has a complete sales and service system of pickup truck brand, with more than 2,000 sales and service outlets nationwide, which is more convenient for sales and service, and provides 24-hour rescue service, which is trusted by millions of users.

    Great Wall Gun insists on category innovation, builds category brands with category leadership, makes brands the representative of categories, and leads the category value to jump in an all-round way.

    In 2019, Great Wall Gun created a new category of fashionable commercial pickup trucks, led the technical upgrade of commercial pickup trucks, and took the lead in promoting the application of core technologies such as 8AT, intelligent network connection, intelligent four-wheel drive and ESP body stability system in commercial pickup trucks, which promoted the commercial pickup trucks in China to be multi-purpose, high-quality and high-safety, and changed the image of low-end tool trucks for pickup trucks.

    When the 2023 commercial gun went on the market, Great Wall Gun joined hands with Guangdong Commercial Federation to present the plaque of the member unit of "Guangdong Commercial Federation" for the outstanding representative of commercial gun owners, so as to jointly empower the elites from all walks of life to create wealth, expand new formats, innovate businesses and help industrial upgrading.

    The cumulative global sales of Great Wall pickup trucks have exceeded 2 million. The Great Wall Gun has been on the market for more than three years, with a cumulative sales volume of over 10,000 in 32 months.

    Relying on the 2023 commercial gun, Great Wall Gun will continue to deepen the pickup market segment to better help users have a good business and a better life.

　　What impact will the "301" list put forward by the United States twice have? It is worth further analysis from the data. The full text is about 6600 words.

　　Michael Kinsley, a columnist in Washington Post, once imagined the following scenario when introducing the game theory of Thomas Schelling, a great game theory scholar and Nobel laureate in economics:

　　"You are standing on the edge of a cliff, with chains around your ankles, and your opponent is locked at the other end of the chain. As long as your opponent gives up, you will be released and win a big prize. Here’s the thing: your only means is to threaten to push him off the cliff — — But that means you’ll be shattered, too. So, how can you persuade your opponent to give in? "

　　Schelling’s answer is: "You start dancing and get closer and closer to the edge of the cliff. In this way, you don’t need to convince your opponent that you are crazy — — Take him and yourself out of the abyss. All you need to do is convince your opponent that you are more willing to take the risk of falling off the cliff out of control than he is. If you can do this, you will win. "

　　Schelling’s thoughts have influenced a generation’s understanding of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Fortunately, or unfortunately, after the end of the Cold War and the development of globalization for nearly 30 years, we may have to turn back to the old paper pile to find the wisdom of our predecessors.

　　The reality is that after at least two rounds of negotiations and a "consensus" were reached between China and the United States, President Trump once again opened the trigger insurance for the Sino-US trade war. On May 29th, Trump announced that he would continue to seek to impose punitive tariffs on China’s imports. On June 15th, another boot that the market has been waiting for fell, and the Office of the US Trade Representative published a list of goods worth about $50 billion for China. Compared with the preliminary list published on April 6, the new list has undergone two changes: First, 818 of the 1,333 8-digit HS-coded commodities listed in the preliminary list have been retained. As the first batch of commodities in the final list, they have already faced 25% additional tariffs from the US Customs on July 6, and this batch of commodities is worth about $34 billion. Second, a second batch of goods has been added to the final list, including 284 goods worth about $16 billion, which will be taxed after the hearing procedure.

　　The President of the United States, who is well versed in "the art of trading", did not give the market a breathing space. On July 10th, the President announced that he planned to impose a 10% tariff on a new batch of China goods worth $200 billion, and held a hearing in late August. Another boot hangs high, waiting to land … …

　　Almost at the same time, the Trump administration also announced a tax on steel and aluminum products exported to the United States by the European Union, Canada and Mexico. Trump’s capricious and all-round "fighting style" has left his opponents (and perhaps some of his ministers) at a loss. This repeated change (let’s call it "Trump uncertainty") may reflect his firm belief in fulfilling his promise to voters, or perhaps the game between the two forces of hawks and doves in his cabinet. We don’t know. But one thing is certain: the Trump administration’s eyes have always been fixed on containing the future potential of China’s economic development. "Made in China 2025", which was issued by the State Council in 2015 and the China version of "Industry 4.0" plan, finally became a household name with the Sino-US trade dispute in 2018.

　　Then, what kind of impact will the "301" list put forward by the United States twice have? It is worth further analysis from the data.

　　Analysis of tax list

　　First of all, considering the "232" list of steel and aluminum products in March, the "301" list of $50 billion imported goods in June, and the "301" list of $200 billion added in July, at present, the scope of US taxation on goods from China is close to 50% of all its imports. We use the import data published by the US Bureau of Statistics in 2017, so the actual amount involved is slightly different from the target amount announced by the US government. Interestingly, the list in July involved goods worth nearly $200 billion, covering 6,031 goods with HS8-digit codes, while the remaining goods that have not yet entered any list, worth nearly $260 billion, accounting for more than half of the US imports from China, only contained 3,313 goods with HS8-digit codes. In other words, there are real "big guys" who are not involved in the "trade war". Judging from the share of these goods in the total imports of similar goods in the United States (column [6] of Table 1), it can also be clearly seen that with the spread of the "trade war", China goods listed in the tax list in July accounted for 23.2% of the total imports of similar goods in the United States, far exceeding the two lists in June (7.7% and 14.7% respectively), while these goods that have not been listed account for 38% of the imports of similar goods in the United States. It can be said,Strategists who want to know what is the "pain point" of the United States and what is the real competitiveness of China manufacturing may wish to study these products that are not on the list.

　　Note: Data are from the United States Bureau of Statistics; 6— There are 51 items, 11 items and 1,030 products in the three lists in July, and the value of US imports from China in 2017 is zero. One product, aluminum products, is listed on the "232" list of steel and aluminum and the "301" list in July.

　　From the bar chart in Figure 1, we can see the distribution of different listed goods in different industries more intuitively. According to the definition of customs, we divide all commodities into 22 categories, from animal and plant products to works of art and unclassified products. According to the value of the "301" list in June, figure 1 is obtained from the highest to the bottom. Obviously, on the list in June, mechanical and electrical products, optical, medical devices, transportation equipment and other industrial intermediates and parts are the most concerned objects. By July, on the list of 200 billion yuan, electromechanical still topped the list. The proportion of miscellaneous products, especially some direct consumer goods (such as games, furniture, chairs, lamps and lighting devices, etc.) has increased significantly. More importantly, the product areas covered by the July list have also increased significantly. Among the 22 industry categories, the June list only involves 8 industries, while the July list has not been spared except for weapons and ammunition and unclassified goods. At present, products that have not been listed on the tax list are mainly concentrated in industries such as electromechanical, textile, miscellaneous products, shoes and hats.

　　Note: The above 8-digit commodities of HS do not include 330 commodities (except 76169951) worth $2.8 billion in the list of steel and aluminum 232. The list taxes steel products by 25% and aluminum products by 10%.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　So to what extent will the taxation of these goods affect the domestic economy of the United States? A simple judgment method is: If there are many competitors for a commodity and the market share of China exporters is low, then the tax on the product may have little impact, because the buyer can easily find a substitute. Therefore, in Figure 2 to Figure 4, we classify the products listed in June, July and not listed in the list according to the industry categories defined by China Customs, and calculate the proportion of the value of US imports from China in the total imports of the same category, so as to reflect the dependence of the United States on China’s exports. It can be seen that among the eight categories of goods affected by the list in June, base metal products account for the highest import share, but only 28.2%. Followed by ceramic glass products and electromechanical products (17.2% and 16% respectively). By contrast, for the July list, China is the main source of imports for the United States in a considerable variety of products. Shoes and hats exported from China account for 73.8% of the total import value of such products in the United States, and the import shares of miscellaneous products and fur products are as high as 65.6% and 60.4%.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　In this $260 billion commodity that is not listed in any list, China accounts for an even larger proportion. For example, vegetation products account for 75%, the remaining mechanical and electrical equipment accounts for 73%, and shoes and hats account for 72%. There are eight major categories of products, and the import proportion of China in the United States exceeds 50%.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　The use of goods exported from China to the United States is also very important. According to the BEC classification standard of the United Nations Statistics Department, we classify commodities into four categories according to their final use: consumer goods, capital goods, intermediate products and other four categories. Using the value data of goods imported by the United States from China in 2017, Figure 5 compares the total import value of goods listed in June, listed in July and not listed in each category. In June, the products targeted by the two lists were mainly capital goods and intermediate goods (accounting for 94.4% and 97.6% respectively). The import value of capital goods in List 1 was comparable to that of intermediate goods, both of which were more than 15 billion US dollars, while the value of intermediate goods in List 2 was twice that of capital goods, accounting for 65.2% of the total import value of List 2. The July list covers all categories, among which the value of intermediate products is as high as 94.7 billion US dollars, accounting for the highest proportion (48.1%); Capital goods ranked second, with a total import value of US$ 57.5 billion, accounting for 29.2% of the total import value in the list. What is important is that the share of consumer goods in each list has increased significantly. In June, the consumer goods involved in the two lists were worth $163 million and $339 million respectively, accounting for only 0.5% and 2.4% of the total value of their respective lists; In July, consumer goods accounted for 22.7% of the list. In 2017, the import value totaled 44.8 billion US dollars, which was more than 89 times the sum of the value of consumer goods in the two lists in June. The goods not nominated in the list mainly belong to capital goods and consumer goods, worth $120.7 billion and $98.3 billion respectively.It accounts for 46.6% and 37.9% of the import value of goods not on the list. Another $34 billion of intermediate products have not been affected by the tax list. It can be said that with the intensification of the "trade war", American consumers will inevitably be directly affected by rising prices. The manufacturing enterprises in the United States will inevitably face the pressure of rising parts costs, leading to a decline in competitiveness, which may further reduce American exports.

　　Further, in Table 2, we list the top 10 products (HS4-digit codes) imported by the United States from China in 2017, and count the amount of these 10 products affected by each list and the number of HS8-digit products respectively. Obviously, these 10 products that the United States needs most from China are not the key targets of the US tax list. These products were basically spared in the two lists in June, while the value of products taxed by the list in July for the first-ranked wireless communication equipment (such as mobile phones) was $23.6 billion, accounting for 32.9% of the total imports of such products. Automatic data processing equipment (computers) and spare parts products ranked second and third are the few products in the top 10 categories that are taxed by the June list, but they only account for 2.9% and 1.4% of the imports of their respective HS4 products. However, the list in July increased the tax value of these two kinds of products, and the import proportion of taxed products rose to 15.6% and 98.6%. Interestingly, all computer parts and components were included in the tax list, but did it lead exporters to further transfer processing and assembly to China and export finished computers? In addition, imported furniture ranked sixth and auto parts, lighting devices and suitcases and handbags ranked eighth to tenth were all wiped out in the July list.

　　Furthermore, from the point of view of HS8-digit products, Table 3 summarizes the distribution of market share of listed products in the United States. According to the import data of the United States in 2017, we calculated the share of HS8 products imported by the United States from China to similar products imported by the United States from the world. It is not difficult to find that the market share of China commodities targeted by the steel and aluminum 232 list and the two lists in June is mainly concentrated in 0-mdash; 25% and 25%— In the 50% range. In July, however, the list gradually shifted its target to commodities with larger market share, and the scope and intensity of the spread were significantly increased. The market share is at 50%— 75% and 75%— For goods within the range of 100%, the cumulative import amount taxed by the July list is 40.8% and 24.5% of the total amount of the July list respectively. Among the commodities that have not been affected by the list, the market share of commodities worth $163.3 billion exceeds 75%, accounting for 63% of the total value without tariffs.

　　Taxation and "Optimal Tariff": A Theoretical Explanation

　　From these analyses, we can know that if the scope of taxation in the United States is extended to its July list, or even further extended to products that are not listed, it will inevitably hit those products that China imports in the United States, including a large number of consumer goods and a wide range of industrial intermediates. This will not only hit China’s export enterprises, but also hurt the welfare of American consumers. In this sense, tariffs are essentially "taxes levied on domestic consumers" (Dartmouth College economist Douglas Irwin).

　　What is worrying is that "Trump uncertainty" will bring great troubles to the efficient global value chain, and force entrepreneurs to consider political factors while considering the global production layout. Even if we don’t consider the effects that will take some time to show, in the short term, tariffs will immediately increase the cost of exporters. These extra costs will force exporters in China to lower the export price and partially "share" the price increase faced by consumers (in the case of prevailing intermediate trade, consumers here are often producers in downstream industries). The part that cannot be fully shared will be "transmitted" to consumers, forming the after-tax import price.

　　Obviously, the stronger the downstream buyers (consumers), the more they can force the upstream sellers (exporters) to make concessions and lower some export prices. Consumers like you and me can’t change the market price by buying more or less. In economic terms, we are faced with infinite supply "elasticity", or the supply curve is horizontal. But big buyers are different. For example, a big supermarket like Wal-Mart can completely influence the price through the purchase volume. At this time, the supply curve is inclined upward. It is also true to further expand the analysis to the national perspective. Small countries can’t influence the world price, but they are the recipients of the price, while big countries are faced with an upward supply curve and can influence the world price. Obviously, the United States is a real big country and the largest market in the world. Therefore, it can press exporters to lower prices by imposing import tariffs. In the theory of international trade, the ratio of export price to import price is called "terms of trade", which can be improved by imposing tariffs to force the import price to decrease.

　　Therefore, for a big country, increasing tariffs will certainly lead to the loss of consumer welfare — — Because the after-tax price faced by consumers is still rising, from the welfare point of view, the improvement of terms of trade means that there is such a positive "optimal" tariff, which maximizes the net income of big countries. This may be one reason why Trump dares to wave the "tariff" stick. Specific to each product, its "optimal" tariff rate depends on the supply elasticity of the commodity (exporter). For goods with less elasticity of supply, the response to tariffs is more intense, the proportion of export price decline is more, and the optimal tariff is bigger. Therefore, international economists have abstracted a very simple formula to determine the optimal tariffs of different commodities in the case of big countries, namely: tariff rate = 1/export supply elasticity.

　　Further analysis of tariffs

　　Based on this, we summarize the original tariff level of each listed commodity in Table 4. Generally speaking, American import tariffs remain at a fairly low level. The tariff of most imported goods is less than 5%, while the tariff of quite a few goods is zero. For example, in June, 375 of the commodities involved in List 1 had no import duties, accounting for 60.9% of the list value. This proportion is 48.6% in June list 2 and 54.2% in July list. In the two lists in June, only five goods with the original tariff of HS8 were higher than 10%, and the sum of import values was less than $05 million, while in the list in July, there were 329 goods with the original tariff higher than 10% and the total import value was $3.228 billion.

　　Data source: According to the data compiled by the US Bureau of Statistics, some commodity tariff data are missing.

　　Figure 6 compares the import tariffs of the United States with those of China. We weighted the import tariffs of China and the United States according to the import value according to 22 categories of industries, and got Figure 2. Each point in the graph represents the import tariffs of the United States (horizontal axis) and China (vertical axis). Most of the points are above the 45-degree line, which shows that the tariff structure between China and the United States does have the situation that the US tariff is lower and the Chinese tariff is higher. This goes without saying, but considering the current tariff structure of the United States, it began in 1934 that President Roosevelt took the initiative to lower tariffs and sought other countries to lower trade barriers in order to promote American exports. As the country that has benefited the most from international trade, the United States led the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT, the predecessor of WTO), which advocated free trade. China, on the other hand, only started the negotiations on joining the WTO in the mid-1990s, and reduced the import tariff from an average of 43% in 1992 to around 9.8% in 2007. In addition, in Figure 6, we have not considered the import of processing trade that is common in China, which accounts for about 13% of China’s imports from the United States, and it is exempted from customs duties or refunded in the import process.

　　Figure 6 Comparison of Weighted Import Tariff (MFN) between China and the United States

　　Source: WITS (2016), compiled by Qin Ruobing.

　　According to the optimal tariff theory, we re-estimate the optimal tariff of American goods imported from China by using the elastic estimation data provided by Anson Soderbery, an economist at Purdue University. HS8-bit commodities with missing elasticity data are replaced by the average elasticity of the commodities at HS6, HS4 and HS2. Table 5 summarizes the relationship and proportion of the actual original tariff, new tariff and optimal tariff of each imported commodity. Obviously, after the tariffs were added to the three lists, the new tariffs of most commodities exceeded the optimal tariffs. In June, 71% and 48% of goods were listed in the list 1 and July, respectively, and their original tariffs were lower than the highest tariffs. After adding 25% and 10% tariffs respectively, the proportion dropped to 43% and 26%. Among the commodities targeted in Listing 2 in June, 57% of the commodities have their original import tariffs exceeding the optimal tariffs. After the tariff of 25% is added, the proportion of goods exceeding the optimal tariff will be as high as 75%.

　　Data source: The author estimates according to the elastic data provided by Soderbery (2018JIE). Some commodity tariff data are missing.

　　Game dilemma of optimal tariff

　　Since there is such an "optimal" tariff for a big country, the improvement of terms of trade brought by tariff collection offsets or even exceeds the loss of consumer welfare, why do economists actively advocate tariff reduction? This is because in this world, not only a big country, even a small country, often has the ability to influence world prices in certain industries or commodities, not to mention domestic political considerations and national sentiments, and it will not allow a country to impose tariffs on the other side without taking any countermeasures. Imagine, if there are only two countries in the world, and they all give each other a tariff attack on a specific industry according to the theory of optimal tariff, both sides have improved their terms of trade in the industry that raised import tariffs, and suffered losses in the export industry. In most cases, the result is that both sides are in a dilemma: both sides get benefits by increasing tariffs to attack their opponents, but if both sides take measures to reduce tariffs, both sides can benefit; However, the difficulty is that neither side can or will unilaterally declare a truce — — Because it means greater losses. In this way, the two countries have fallen into the common "prisoner’s dilemma" in game theory. In this game, each side acts according to the optimal strategy under given conditions, but the final outcome is "lose-lose".

　　If every country in the world acts unilaterally according to the optimal tariff strategy, or retaliates against the tax payers, then we will go back to the Great Depression in the 1930s, due to the introduction of Smoot — The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act pushed the average import tariff of the United States from 40% to nearly 60%. In just two years, the import and export of the United States fell by 40% at the same time. The world trading system has suffered a major blow.

　　Is there a solution to jump out of the "prisoner’s dilemma" of building trade barriers? History has long given us the answer. In the process of European reconstruction after World War II, Americans led the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1948, and through an external agreement, they forced the signatory countries to reduce or exempt tariffs from each other, thus jumping out of the "prisoner’s dilemma". GATT, as well as the World Trade Organization (WTO), which replaces GATT, stipulates that when a country reduces or exempts tariffs on one GATT member, it must also undertake the same duty of reducing or exempting tariffs on all other GATT members. This is the most important principle of "Most Favoured Nation" in GATT. This principle also protects many small countries that do not have the negotiating ability to share the welfare improvement brought about by trade liberalization to the greatest extent.

　　Ironically, today, with the development of globalization far exceeding the 1950s, the main founders and promoters of the international multilateral economic and trade system are working to challenge or even destroy this system, instead of improving and perfecting it. Carla Hills, an American trade representative in the 1990s, once said, "Without WTO, the world would have only the law of the jungle". I hope that the leaders of China and the United States, and even the world, will have enough courage and wisdom to lead us away from that scene.

General Office of the State Council forwarded to the Ministry of Finance.

Notice on Several Opinions on Comprehensive Agricultural Development

Guo Ban Fa [2002] No.13

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The Ministry of Finance’s "Several Opinions on Comprehensive Agricultural Development" has been approved by the State Council and is hereby forwarded to you, please implement it carefully.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the General Office of the State Council

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　February 11th, 2002

Some opinions on comprehensive agricultural development

(Ministry of Finance, February 7, 2002)

Comprehensive agricultural development is an important means for the state to support agricultural development, an effective measure to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture and improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and an important way to support China’s agriculture to participate in international competition and promote agricultural modernization. In order to sum up the experience of comprehensive agricultural development, adapt to the needs of agricultural development in the new stage and further improve the level of comprehensive agricultural development, the following opinions are put forward on comprehensive agricultural development.

I. Guiding ideology, objectives and tasks of comprehensive agricultural development

(A) the guiding ideology of comprehensive agricultural development. Adapt to the requirements of agricultural development in the new stage, focus on the main agricultural producing areas, focus on strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction, improve agricultural production conditions, improve agricultural comprehensive production capacity and protect agricultural ecological environment; Efforts will be made to promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structures, improve the comprehensive benefits of agriculture and increase farmers’ income.

(2) The objectives and tasks of comprehensive agricultural development. Adhere to the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields as the focus, strengthen the basic construction of farmland water conservancy, build high-quality, high-yield, stable-yield, water-saving and efficient farmland, enhance the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters, and improve the production capacity of basic farmland in China, especially the grain production capacity in major producing areas; Market-oriented, give full play to the comparative advantages of agricultural regions, actively cultivate rural pillar industries, develop industrialized management, promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structure, and comprehensively improve the quality of agricultural products, the degree of organization of agricultural production and the ability of agriculture to resist market risks; Implement comprehensive management of landscape fields and roads, strengthen the construction of farmland forest network, promote the conversion of farmland to forests, increase the support of ecological projects and ecological projects, control soil erosion, effectively improve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of agriculture; Actively promote the revolution of agricultural science and technology, strengthen farmers’ technical training, increase the promotion of new agricultural varieties and technologies, promote the construction of agricultural informatization and standardization of agricultural production, promote the process of agricultural modernization in the project area, and improve the international competitiveness of agriculture.

Two, the comprehensive agricultural development support scope and construction content

(A) the scope of support for comprehensive agricultural development. First, land resources development and management projects, including the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, grassland improvement and reclamation of industrial and mining wasteland, developing water-saving agriculture and ecological agriculture, and building high-quality grain bases and high-quality feed crops bases; Second, a variety of business projects, including planting, aquaculture, storage and transportation of agricultural products, preservation, processing and wholesale market construction; Third, demonstration projects, including high-tech demonstration, comprehensive demonstration of science and technology promotion, and demonstration of agricultural modernization.

(2) Construction contents of comprehensive agricultural development. It mainly includes small reservoirs, dams, irrigation and drainage stations, electromechanical wells, irrigation and drainage canal systems (below 5 flows), soil improvement, tractor roads, farming and animal husbandry machinery, grassland fences, livestock and poultry sheds, aquaculture ponds and equipment, farmland shelterbelts, improvement of agricultural support service system, workshops and equipment for agricultural products processing and production, and wholesale markets for agricultural products producing areas.

Iii. Principles to be followed in comprehensive agricultural development

(1) Highlight key points. Focus on major agricultural producing areas, especially major grain producing areas.

(2) selecting the best project. Give priority to places or projects with superior agricultural resources, great development potential, voluntary development by farmers and strong matching ability of funds, and include them in the scope of support for comprehensive agricultural development.

(3) Comprehensive development. According to local conditions, we will implement comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing, and comprehensively manage landscape fields and roads.

(4) Overall planning. Development zones and projects should be scientifically evaluated and demonstrated, carefully designed and implemented.

(5) contiguous development. Land development should follow the overall land use planning, unified planning according to the river basin or irrigation area, concentrated investment, contiguous development and management, and strive to improve the land output rate and water resources utilization rate. Focus on the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields within the basic farmland protection areas, and protect the transformed cultivated land according to law.

(6) industrialized operation. To develop diversified economy, we should give full play to the advantages of regional resources and comparative advantages, cultivate pillar industries and leading products, focus on supporting "leading" industrialization projects, and improve the level of agricultural industrialization.

(7) Science and technology and system innovation. Relying on the progress of agricultural science and technology, promoting the innovation of agricultural comprehensive development mechanism.

(8) Combination of development and protection. The development of agricultural resources is combined with the protection of agricultural ecological environment.

Fourth, the investment mechanism of comprehensive agricultural development

Farmers are the direct beneficiaries of comprehensive agricultural development. It is necessary to adhere to and improve the investment mechanism of comprehensive agricultural development with "national guidance, supporting investment, private office assistance and rolling development". In addition to the central government’s special arrangements for comprehensive agricultural development funds, local governments at all levels should implement matching funds accordingly, and farmers’ financing and labor investment should comply with relevant policies and regulations. Some financial funds will be paid for, and the repayment responsibility will be implemented according to the principle of "whoever benefits will repay" to ensure timely and full repayment. The recovered financial paid funds will continue to be used for comprehensive agricultural development.

V. Investment policies for comprehensive agricultural development

(1) Finance at all levels should gradually increase investment in comprehensive agricultural development funds. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan and in the future, the growth rate of financial funds for comprehensive agricultural development should be higher than that in the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

(two) the comprehensive factor method is adopted to allocate the central financial funds for comprehensive agricultural development. Where the comprehensive agricultural development potential is great and the development effect is good, the investment of the central government’s comprehensive agricultural development funds will be increased accordingly.

(three) clear the proportion of central financial funds and local financial funds. According to the financial situation of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and cities under separate state planning, the matching proportion of local financial funds is determined (separately stipulated). In principle, areas with good financial conditions should be provided with more facilities, while areas with financial difficulties should be provided with less facilities. The matching funds undertaken by the provincial finance shall not be less than 70% of all matching funds. If the matching funds of local finance are not implemented, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the capital input of the central government in the next year.

(four) to ensure the focus of investment in comprehensive agricultural development. In principle, 70% of the financial funds are used for land management projects and 30% for diversified business projects. According to the different resource conditions of each project area, the investment ratio can be appropriately adjusted.

(5) Increase investment in science and technology. Gradually increase the proportion of scientific and technological investment in financial funds to 10%.

(six) reasonably determine the proportion of financial funds paid and unpaid, and the repayment period of financial paid funds. In principle, the financial funds invested in public welfare shall be used for free, and the financial funds invested in non-public welfare shall be used for compensation. Effectively strengthen the management of financial paid funds to prevent the formation of debt risks.

(seven) multi-level and multi-channel financing for development. By arranging loan discount funds, we will guide banks to increase investment in agricultural comprehensive development loans. Actively explore open development, commercial development and joint-stock development, attract all kinds of social investment and foreign investment, and increase investment in comprehensive agricultural development.

Six, comprehensive agricultural development projects and fund management

(A) the organic combination of project and fund management. Determine the project scale with capital investment, and manage the funds according to the project.

(2) The project shall be organized in a unified way and managed at different levels. Agricultural comprehensive development projects should be declared step by step from the bottom up, and the national agricultural comprehensive development office (or authorized provincial agricultural comprehensive development office) will organize the evaluation, examination and approval.

(3) Improve the project supervision and management system. Strengthen scientific project establishment in the early stage, supervision and inspection in the middle stage, project acceptance and monitoring and evaluation in the later stage. We will fully implement the expert evaluation system, the project legal person system, the bidding system and the project supervision system.

(4) Strengthen the operation and management of the project. For completed projects, agricultural comprehensive development offices should be responsible for clarifying the ownership of property rights, implementing the main body of management and protection, and establishing the necessary operation management system to ensure the normal operation of the project.

(five) establish and improve the fund management and supervision system. Agricultural comprehensive development funds shall be managed by special personnel, accounted for in special accounts and earmarked for special purposes. We will fully implement the county-level reimbursement system for financial unpaid funds, the entrusted bank lending system for financial paid funds and the announcement (publicity) system for project funds. Strengthen financial inspection and audit supervision, and prohibit misappropriation of funds for comprehensive agricultural development; Those who violate the regulations should be corrected and severely punished.

(six) improve the management level of projects and funds. Establish and improve the management responsibility system combining power and responsibility and reward the excellent and punish the poor, and constantly improve the management level of comprehensive agricultural development.

Seven, the organization and leadership of comprehensive agricultural development work

Local people’s governments at all levels should earnestly strengthen their leadership over the work of comprehensive agricultural development and put this work in an important position in the whole agricultural and rural economic work. Strengthen and enrich the offices for comprehensive agricultural development. Agricultural comprehensive development offices should make plans, do a good job in comprehensive coordination, guide the preferred options, and guide and manage the implementation of agricultural comprehensive development projects. All relevant departments should support each other, cooperate closely, form a joint force and creatively do a good job in comprehensive agricultural development in the new stage.

This opinion shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Other measures or regulations for the management of comprehensive agricultural development are inconsistent with this opinion, and this opinion shall prevail.

　　The prehistoric creatures

　　Intern reporter Dai Xiaopei

　　In the evolutionary history of dinosaurs, one of the biggest mysteries is: Are there aquatic dinosaurs? Although we know that ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and canglong all live in water, according to their position on the evolutionary tree, they are not strictly dinosaurs, but only close relatives of dinosaurs. So why are aquatic dinosaurs so rare?

　　Spinosaurus is an atypical aquatic dinosaur?

　　In fact, among the dinosaur fossils found, there are not dinosaurs that did not live in water at all.

　　In 1912, people discovered a kind of theropod dinosaur in Egypt — — Fossils of Spinosaurus, which lived in the Cretaceous period from about 110 million to 93.5 million years ago.

　　According to the early data released by scientists, Spinosaurus was 12.6 to 18 meters long and weighed 7 to 20.9 tons. In recent years, more complete specimens support early research, and scientists found that Spinosaurus could grow to a length of 15 to 15.6 meters. However, the latest data estimate that its weight is 6.4 tons to 7.2 tons. Unlike most dinosaurs, Spinosaurus had some unique spines on its back, forming a sail-like structure. According to public information, the spines on the back of Spinosaurus were at least 1.65 meters long. The spine of Spinosaurus is an extension of its vertebrae, which researchers believe can help Spinosaurus regulate its body temperature or show its unique charm.

　　"After comparing Spinosaurus with crocodiles, people think that Spinosaurus may be aquatic." Xu Xing, a paleontologist at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of China Academy of Sciences, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that according to the skull shape of Spinosaurus, it was found that the skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow, similar to that of modern crocodiles. Specifically, the mouth is slender, and the direction and size of teeth help it catch fish and fix its prey in the mouth.

　　In addition, by analyzing the fossils of individual Spinosaurus, some scientists found that there were fish scale residues in the stomach contents of Spinosaurus. "This shows that Spinosaurus ate creatures in the water, and it can be speculated that Spinosaurus may live on the shore or in the water." Xu Xing said that another evidence that Spinosaurus lived in water is that studies have found that the isotopic composition of Spinosaurus bones is close to that of aquatic animals.

　　However, Xu Xing stressed that there is no very conclusive evidence that Spinosaurus must have lived in water. "Because Spinosaurus didn’t have a fin-like structure like aquatic animals such as sea lions or seals. This shows that Spinosaurus cannot live completely in water and is not a typical aquatic animal. " He said that according to the existing findings, it is not easy to judge whether Spinosaurus lived in the water or on the shore for a long time.

　　"According to the teeth and skull of Spinosaurus, people think that Spinosaurus mainly lived by eating fish, but Spinosaurus is just a kind of dinosaur with a special feeding habit, and generally speaking, Spinosaurus just goes into the water to prey and then returns to land life. Therefore, we cannot put forward ‘ Aquatic dinosaur ’ The concept. " Xing Lida, an associate professor at China Geo University, said.

　　Dinosaurs were aquatic animals?

　　Some scientists believe that dinosaurs were originally aquatic animals. This statement stems from a puzzle: how did the slender legs of dinosaurs support its huge body? Brian Ford, a cell biologist at Cambridge University in England, tried to explain that dinosaurs mainly lived in water and supported their bodies by buoyancy. He said that dinosaurs swam in the lake most of the time, and their tails provided assistance, and their footprints were printed into the mud.

　　According to Ford, it can explain why archaeologists often dig dinosaur footprints, but there are few traces of dinosaur tails. Compared with modern large animals such as elephants and rhinoceroses, dinosaurs had small legs but fat tails.

　　"It makes sense to think that dinosaurs lived in water." Ford said, "dinosaurs used water to support their weight, float their tails, regulate their body temperature and get food."

　　However, Paul Barrett, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London, believes that this statement makes no sense. He said that with the help of the principle of load-bearing structural engineering, researchers have proved that the strength of dinosaur leg muscles is enough to support its body to walk easily on land. Moreover, dinosaurs had difficulty breathing and walked slowly in the water. "They may live near water, and sometimes they go into the water to cool off, but I don’t accept the theory that they live in water." Paul said.

　　In 2007, scientists found traces of dinosaurs’ claws at the bottom of the water in the Carmelos basin in northeastern Spain, which became conclusive evidence that "dinosaurs could swim". In 2011, Chinese and American paleontologists found a group of strange footprints with only toe marks and no heels in Chicheng County, Hebei Province. Experts believe that this is the hard evidence of dinosaurs playing in the water — — Tracers leave scratches on the bottom of the lake after entering the water. As the depth of the lake increases, their feet can touch less and less water bottom, and their footprints gradually weaken, and their three toes can not be completely preserved.

　　Completely aquatic dinosaurs don’t exist?

　　Although there is evidence that some dinosaurs lived in water, Xing Lida still opposed the concept of "aquatic dinosaurs". “‘ Aquatic dinosaur ’ It is only a hypothesis put forward in recent years, but it is extremely easy to include Syngnathus, Canglong, plesiosaur, etc., confusing concepts. "

　　Xu Xing also told reporters: "According to the existing research, there are no pure water dinosaurs. Let’s just say that there is some evidence that dinosaurs lived in water for some time. The limbs of plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs or sea lions and seals will undergo height changes to adapt to life completely in water, but there is no evidence that such dinosaurs exist at present. "

　　Strictly speaking, no real aquatic dinosaurs have been found. Xu Xing believes that there are two possibilities. First, dinosaurs did not give priority to occupy the water niche in the era when they lived. At that time, the water environment might be occupied by crocodiles and other aquatic animals. Second, there may be aquatic dinosaurs, but they have not become mainstream species, and the fossils of such dinosaurs have not been preserved or discovered.

　　"In recent years, with the deepening of field trips, people have discovered more and more strange dinosaurs. The current fossil record has not fully revealed the diversity of dinosaurs. " Xu Xing said that the original fossil record is deficient, some deficiencies may be remedied, and some deficiencies may exist forever.

　　What’s the point of studying dinosaurs and even arguing about whether dinosaurs were aquatic or terrestrial?

　　"First of all, it can prove some evolutionary phenomena. Species are always changing, such as from big to small, from land to air. Scientists hope to reveal the law of change. " Xu Xing said that the current ecosystem is called the world of birds and flowers, characterized by beautiful birds and flowering plants, and this ecosystem evolved from the Mesozoic ecosystem dominated by dinosaurs. We need a lot of data and fossil records to reveal this evolution process.

　　At the same time, scientists should also reveal which factors affect the evolution of life, such as genes or environment. "It is also important for human beings to understand their own lives to understand the laws of the evolution of all things." Xu Xing said.

　　Related links

　　This dinosaur can also swim and hunt in the water.

　　At the end of 2017, research teams from Italy and other countries discovered a new dinosaur fossil in the late Cretaceous strata of Mongolia, which was roughly waterfowl-like. This new dinosaur species was named Eichzka, commonly known as "duck dinosaur". "Duck Dinosaur" has a long and curved neck, and its forelimbs are fin-shaped. It can walk on land like a duck and swim with its forelimbs. They also have many tiny teeth suitable for eating fish. Another feature of "Duck Dinosaur" is that its beak and upper jaw have many small holes, which were once filled with nerve endings. This kind of mouth has a similar structure to the beaks of some waterfowl. This shows that "duck dinosaurs" may have preyed in the water or at the bottom of rivers and lakes.

　　To adhere to the guidance of Marxism in the field of philosophy and social sciences, the core is to solve the problem of why people are. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the symposium on the work of philosophy and social sciences that if China’s philosophy and social sciences want to make a difference, it must adhere to the people-centered research orientation. Without the people, philosophy and social sciences will not be attractive, infectious, influential and vital. The vast number of philosophical and social scientists in China should adhere to the view that the people are the creators of history, establish the ideal of learning for the people, respect the people’s dominant position, focus on people’s practical creation, consciously link personal academic pursuit with the development of the country and the nation, and strive to produce more research results that can stand the test of practice, people and history.

　　Adhering to the people-centered principle is the fundamental value of philosophy and social sciences.

　　Philosophy and social science takes the existence and development of human beings and society as the research object and content, so it is both "human" and "human". From the connotation point of view, society is made up of people, with people’s activities as its content, and the main body of social history is concrete and historical people. Therefore, the existing conditions of human beings, including health, civilization, cultural and technical level, and conceptual state, are the research contents of philosophy and social science; The essence of social development is the process of continuous improvement of human beings and their modes of existence (including modes of production and lifestyles), the overall evolution and progress of economy, politics, culture and society, and the pursuit of their reasonable ideal forms by people in different historical periods. Therefore, human beings are the basic elements and power sources for social existence and development. In essence, human activities take social practice as the essence, while social practice is a material activity on the one hand, and a dynamic activity on the other. This initiative is the concentrated expression of human rational spirit, and it is the basis for the existence of self-sustaining content of social development. "History is just the activity of people who pursue their own goals." Therefore, social and historical development is essentially "human". It can be seen that social development is both "human" and "human", which makes human beings get rid of the blindness of existence and development and transition to freedom.Make the development history of human society become the history of conscious activities.

　　Philosophy and social sciences have the functions of reflecting social existence, maintaining or criticizing reality, regulating social and human activities and innovation, and the value orientation of these functions is social development and human progress. Therefore, adhering to the people-centered principle is the fundamental value of philosophy and social sciences.

　　Philosophy and social sciences reflect the cognitive function of social existence, which makes human beings as social beings truly become conscious and active subjects; The function of philosophy and social science in maintaining or criticizing reality is to maintain the social, economic and political forms that are unified with the nature of human progress, and otherwise to criticize; The adjustment and control function of philosophy and social science means that people must constantly revise and improve their activity plans and activities according to the actual situation, so that human beings can stably grasp and control their own activities and March according to reasonable plans, scientific methods and correct goals; The innovative function of philosophy and social science means that it can transcend the limitations of social reality and create new ideas, and then change social reality, create new social state and promote human progress under the guidance of new ideas. It contains huge spiritual positive energy and directly affects the current situation and future state of human society.

　　坚持以人民为中心是历史唯物主义的根本原则

　　马克思主义是广大劳动者、人民群众的学说，群众路线是马克思主义的基本观点，以人民为中心、坚持人民主体地位是马克思主义的内在要求。一个半多世纪前，马克思、恩格斯在批判鲍威尔、施蒂纳等人唯心的历史动力论和个人创造历史的错误观点中，揭示出人民主体的科学内涵及其实现途径，创立了人民主体观。

　　历史唯物主义的基本观点有两条，一是物质资料的生产是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础，二是人民群众是历史的创造者，是历史发展和社会变革的决定力量，前者从生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的辩证关系，考察了人类社会的发展进程，揭示了人民群众在社会历史发展中的主体地位，后者揭示了推动社会历史发展的决定因素，指明了人民群众是推动社会不断发展、不断改革、不断完善的根本动力。历史唯物主义的这个基本原理告诉我们，以人民为中心是社会存在和发展的客观要求和根本原则。

　　坚持以人民为中心是马克思主义中国化的基本路径

　　近一个世纪以来，中国共产党人将马克思主义的人民主体观与中国革命、建设、改革的实际相结合，孜孜追求国家的独立富强和人民的自由解放、生活幸福。

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　　Persisting in taking the people as the center is the historical responsibility of the vast number of philosophical and social scientists.

　　Philosophy and social science workers should establish the concept of learning for the people. Our party is a party that serves the people wholeheartedly, and our country is a country where the people are the masters of the country. The starting point and end result of all the work of the party and the country is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. In order to make a difference in China’s philosophy and social sciences, we must adhere to the people-centered research orientation. Without the people, philosophy and social sciences will not be attractive, infectious, influential and vital. The vast number of philosophical and social scientists should consciously link their personal academic pursuit with the development of the country and the nation, and strive to produce more research results that can stand the test of practice, people and history; We should put social responsibility in the first place, take the social effects of academic research seriously, be the pursuer and disseminator of truth, goodness and beauty, win respect with profound knowledge, lead the atmosphere with noble personality charm, and achieve self and value in making a statement for the motherland and the people.

　　Philosophy and social science workers should earnestly study and answer the issues of the times that the people are generally concerned about. Contemporary China is experiencing the most extensive and profound social changes in the history of our country. This unprecedented great practice will certainly provide powerful impetus and broad space for theoretical creation and academic prosperity. The vast number of philosophical and social science workers should carry forward the excellent traditional cultural spirit of "making a heart for heaven and earth, making a life for the people, inheriting the past and learning from the past, and opening up peace for all generations", set the tide of the times, communicate the changes of ancient and modern times, and make the first sound of ideas, and actively make comments and suggestions for the party and the people. Only by listening to the voice of the times, responding to the call of the times, caring for the people’s feelings, and seriously studying and solving the major and urgent problems that the people are generally concerned about, can we truly grasp the historical context, find the law of development, and promote theoretical innovation; Only in this way can we really study and answer the major theoretical and practical problems faced by China’s development and our party’s governance, and put forward the correct ideas and effective methods to solve the problems; Only in this way can we truly distinguish between essence and phenomenon, mainstream and tributary, and put forward objective, accurate and testable views and conclusions; Only in this way can we truly not forget the original, absorb foreign countries and face the future, not only deeply study major issues related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, but also actively explore major issues related to the future and destiny of mankind, and scientifically reveal the great logic and trend of the development of the times.

　　The leadership and management departments of philosophy and social sciences should strengthen the construction of social science talents. To construct philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, we should start with people and make contributions for a long time. We should take good care of, cultivate and use the five armies of philosophy and social sciences, focus on discovering, cultivating and gathering a group of thinkers, theorists, academic leaders and young and middle-aged academic backbones, and build a talent system of philosophy and social sciences with complete categories and echelon connection; We should conscientiously implement the party’s intellectual policy, respect labor, knowledge, talents and creativity, and achieve full political trust, active ideological guidance, create conditions at work, care for them in life, and do more practical things, do good deeds and solve difficult problems for them; We should respect the hard work and research achievements of philosophy and social science workers, take the initiative to deal with experts and scholars, make friends, and often listen to their opinions and suggestions; It is necessary to let talents with both ability and political integrity play a role in important posts, form a good incentive mechanism for cultivating talents in philosophy and social sciences, and promote the continuous growth of outstanding talents.

　　In short, adhering to the people-centered research orientation is the inherent requirement of the development of philosophy and social sciences, the soul and direction of upholding and developing Marxism, and the historical responsibility and working principle of the prosperity and development of China’s philosophy and social sciences under the new situation. We must not be afraid of hardships, work hard, care for the public and watch for the people, and jointly promote the prosperity and development of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics.

　　(Author: Chen Huaxing, chief expert of Zhejiang Gongshang University Base, theoretical system research center of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, Zhejiang Province, dean of Marxism College of Zhejiang Gongshang University)

CCTV News:According to the statistics released by the National Film Bureau on November 15th, as of November 14th, the total box office of this year was 50.001 billion yuan, the total number of people watching movies was 1.179 billion yuan, the box office of domestic films was 41.989 billion yuan, and the market share of domestic films was 83.98%. In 2001, there were 58 films with box office exceeding 100 million yuan, including 39 domestic films and 19 imported films.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 25th 　Question: How to prevent norovirus infection and influenza? What conditions do you need to see a doctor? — — Experts answer hot issues of infectious disease prevention and control in spring.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Gu Tiancheng and Dong Ruifeng

　　At the time of communication in winter and spring, the school season is also ushered in all parts of the country. Recently, some children with vomiting and diarrhea were diagnosed as Norovirus infection. At the same time, the results of influenza surveillance in local disease control institutions show that the current level of influenza virus activity in China has increased, mainly influenza A.

　　What is norovirus infection and influenza, and how to prevent it? What conditions do you need to see a doctor? On the 25th, the National Health and Wellness Commission organized an authoritative expert, Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, to answer the public’s hot issues about the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in spring.

　　1. Q: What is Norovirus? What are the symptoms after infection?

　　Wang Guiqiang: Norovirus belongs to the calicivirus family. After infection, the main symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea, which is an infectious disease of digestive tract. The source of infection is mainly from the mouth, but also through aerosol and close contact, such as primary school and kindergarten children holding and touching each other.

　　From the clinical manifestations, the symptoms are mild and severe, most of which are vomiting and diarrhea, while others lead to severe vomiting and diarrhea, and some serious cases may have systemic symptoms such as fever. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause a lot of electrolyte water loss in human body. Therefore, after being infected with Norovirus, it is necessary to fully rehydrate, pay attention to rest, and take sugar salt water or use rehydration salt in time.

　　2. Q: What do you need to see a doctor after being infected with Norovirus? How to prevent it?

　　Wang Guiqiang: If young children and the elderly are infected with Norovirus and show weakness, apathy, dry mouth and dry eyes, these conditions may be hypotension. We should measure blood pressure in time, go to the hospital in time, and give corresponding rehydration in the hospital.

　　If you dispose of it at home, you must pay attention to drinking light salt water or sugar salt water, because norovirus infection mainly leads to diarrhea and vomiting, which leads to the loss of a lot of electrolytes and water in the human body, which may have serious consequences. Some serious cases, such as elderly patients with basic diseases, may induce shock and other manifestations, so we should pay special attention to elderly patients with basic diseases.

　　Norovirus is mainly transmitted through the digestive tract. The first thing to do well in prevention is to manage the hygiene of food and water sources safely. The second thing is to do well in hand hygiene and wash your hands before meals. In places where children’s care institutions, primary schools and other people gather, once an epidemic situation occurs, it is necessary to immediately check whether food and water sources are polluted, and key areas such as canteens must be carefully inspected and sterilized to avoid further spread.

　　3. Q: What is the flu? What’s the difference with the common cold?

　　Wang Guiqiang: Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. The actual difference between influenza and common cold is mainly in the degree of illness and pathogen.

　　First, the etiology of the pathogen is different. There are many pathogens that can cause cold-like symptoms, and influenza is caused by influenza virus. At present, influenza A virus is more prevalent.

　　Second, flu symptoms are more serious than the common cold. Influenza can lead to persistent high fever, aching muscles and joints all over the body, and severe pneumonia. At the same time, influenza has the risk of aggravating the basic diseases of the elderly, and some patients may have secondary infections, such as upper respiratory tract infection, tracheitis and secondary bacterial infections. The general symptoms of the common cold are mild.

　　Third, in terms of treatment, influenza has specific drugs, and it is suggested that the sooner antiviral drugs are involved, the better. Although influenza is a self-limited disease, early use of drugs can shorten the course of disease, relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of severe illness. The common cold can generally be treated with symptomatic treatment. Drink plenty of water and pay attention to rest. There is no specific medicine.

　　Fourth, from the perspective of prognosis and complications, influenza is relatively harmful, and some individuals may cause the risk of hospitalization or even death.

　　4. Q: What symptoms do you need to see a doctor when you have the flu? How to prevent it?

　　Wang Guiqiang: From the point of flu treatment, generally speaking, symptomatic support treatment is the main treatment. If there is persistent high fever, shortness of breath and aggravation of basic diseases, you should go to the hospital in time. Especially for the elderly with basic diseases, it is suggested that they should go to the hospital in time when they have symptoms of fever, cough, headache and fatigue. If they are diagnosed with influenza, they should use antiviral drugs as soon as possible to avoid further deterioration of the disease, which will lead to the aggravation of the basic diseases. At the same time, it is recommended to carry out influenza vaccination every autumn.

　　Influenza is a respiratory infectious disease, and the prevention of respiratory infectious diseases is similar. Some measures to prevent Covid-19 infection are also measures to prevent influenza, and also help to reduce the risk of norovirus infection. Frequent ventilation, wearing a mask and good hand hygiene are all effective means to prevent influenza. In winter and spring, it is recommended that you wear masks in places where people gather or in closed spaces. Frequent hand washing, frequent ventilation and keeping social distance are effective in preventing all respiratory infectious diseases.

Weave a secret fund supervision network to build a medical insurance protection line. Recently, Harbin Medical Insurance Bureau issued a typical case of cracking down on fraud and insurance fraud.

First, Harbin People’s Dental Clinic illegally settled the medical insurance fund case.

According to the investigation of Harbin Medical Insurance Bureau, in 2019, in the process of providing services for the insured, Harbin People’s Stomatological Clinic was suspected of uploading and settling the medical expenses incurred in other medical institutions through this designated medical institution, involving 2 people, involving an amount of 4,000 yuan. According to Article 87 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Social Insurance Law, Service Agreement of Designated Medical Institutions with Basic Medical Insurance in Harbin, and Paragraph 4 of Article 40 in Chapter 4 of Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds, Harbin Medical Security Bureau made a decision to terminate the service agreement, recover the illegal amount of 4,000 yuan and impose a fine of twice the illegal amount, with a total fine of 8,000 yuan.

2. The case of illegal settlement of medical insurance fund in Xuefu Store of Heilongjiang Hua Wei Kangjian Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd.

During the special verification of multiple MAC addresses, Harbin Medical Security Bureau found that Xuefu Store of Hua Wei Kangjian Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. in Heilongjiang Province had privately connected to the medical insurance network and made medical insurance settlement. After investigation and verification, third-party data screening and comparison, it was confirmed that the store involved an illegal amount of 51,065.9 yuan. In accordance with Item (3) of Article 39 of Harbin Medical Insurance Designated Retail Drugstore Service Agreement (2020 Edition), the service agreement of this store shall be dissolved and the illegal expenses shall be recovered.

III. Case of illegal settlement of medical insurance fund in Dongxin Village Clinic of Zhoujia Town, Shuangcheng District

Harbin Audit Bureau found it during the audit of the medical insurance fund in Shuangcheng District in 2019 and was investigated by the Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau. After investigation and confession by the parties concerned, Fu Mopeng, a clinic in Dongxin Village, Zhoujia Town, Shuangcheng District, Harbin, defrauded the medical insurance fund of 164,611.52 yuan in the form of false medical expenses in 2018 (it has been returned to the medical insurance fund account). According to the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Provisions on the Transfer of Suspected Criminal Cases by Administrative Law Enforcement Organs, Harbin Medical Security Bureau transferred the relevant evidential materials of the case to judicial organs. After trial by the people’s court, according to the facts and circumstances of the crime, the village doctor involved in the clinic was sentenced to fraud and fined.

4. Shuangcheng Renkang Hospital illegally settled the medical insurance fund case

After investigation by Harbin Medical Insurance Bureau and Harbin Medical Insurance Center, Harbin Shuangcheng Renkang Hospital inflated the medical expenses of medical insurance patients in the form of returning drugs to the library in 2017 -2018, and the medical insurance fund was 739,977.99 yuan after audit verification. After an extended inspection of the use of medical insurance funds in this hospital during 2018 -2019, it was found that the hospital violated the restrictions of drug list, such as drug use, string charges and other illegal acts, and induced the insured to be hospitalized by preferential medical treatment, which was suspected of defrauding the medical insurance fund. According to the relevant provisions of Article 87 of the Social Insurance Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the relevant provisions of Article 66, paragraph 1, Chapter 7 of the Service Agreement for Designated Medical Institutions of Basic Medical Insurance for Urban Employees in Harbin, the service agreement of this hospital was terminated, the illegal medical insurance fund was recovered and handed over to judicial organs for handling.

V. The case of illegal settlement of medical insurance fund by Guofu Branch of Heilongjiang Jintian Aixin Pharmaceutical Chain Co., Ltd.

After investigation by Harbin Medical Security Bureau and Harbin Medical Security Service Center, Guofu Branch of Heilongjiang Jintian Aixin Pharmaceutical Chain Co., Ltd. was suspected of providing medical insurance settlement for non-designated institutions, involving 13,537.6 yuan. Harbin Medical Security Bureau and Harbin Medical Security Service Center terminated the designated medical insurance service agreement of the hospital in accordance with Article 87 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Social Insurance Law and Article 37, paragraph 3 of Harbin Basic Medical Insurance Designated Medical Institutions Service Agreement; Guofu Store was ordered to return 13,537.6 yuan to the medical insurance fund, and was fined twice the amount defrauded, with a total fine of 27,075.2 yuan.

Six, Harbin Xiangfang District Happiness Hospital illegal settlement of medical insurance fund case.

After verification by Harbin Medical Insurance Bureau, Happiness Hospital in Xiangfang District of Harbin has unreasonable charges, drug use in violation of drug restrictions and other acts, and the total illegal expenses are 139,847.86 yuan. The hospital took the initiative to correct the violations and has returned all the illegal expenses of 139,847.86 yuan. According to Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 12 of Article 73 of Harbin Designated Medical Institutions Service Agreement (2020 Edition) and Paragraph 27 and Paragraph 36 of Article 2 of the scoring standard of the Measures for the Assessment of Service Quality of Designated Medical Institutions, the service qualification was suspended for one month, and the assessment score was deducted and linked to the assessment fund.

7. The case of illegal settlement of medical insurance fund by Chang ‘an Community Health Service Center in Tonghe County.

According to the investigation by Tonghe County Health Insurance Bureau, there are some problems in Changan Community Health Service Center in Tonghe County during 2020, such as unreasonable inspection, unreasonable treatment, excessive inspection, repeated charges, and charges exceeding the price, involving a total of 69,201.9 yuan in illegal expenses. Tonghe County Medical Security Bureau ordered Chang ‘an Community Health Service Center to return the illegal fees totaling 69,201.9 yuan and suspend its service agreement for one month according to the provisions of Article 66 of the Medical Service Agreement of Designated Medical Institutions of Tonghe County Medical Insurance.

8. Heilongjiang Dekang Hospital illegally settled the medical insurance fund case.

After investigation by the Yanshou County Medical Security Bureau, in April 2021, with the purpose of generating profits for the hospital, Dekang Hospital of Heilongjiang hired sitting doctors to persuade patients to take care of minor illnesses, and the insured who did not meet the admission indications were admitted to the hospital, resulting in the phenomenon of "hanging bed", which led to improper expenditure of 25,300 yuan from the medical insurance fund. According to Article 61 of the medical service agreement of medical insurance designated medical institutions in Yanshou County and other relevant regulations, the Yanshou County Medical Security Bureau fully recovered the illegal medical expenses of 25,300 yuan, and suspended the service agreement of designated medical institutions in Heilongjiang Dekang Hospital for three months.

Nine, shangzhi city Lianghe Town Center Health Center illegally settled the medical insurance fund case.

In the daily audit inspection, the handling center of shangzhi city Medical Insurance Bureau found that in 2020, four patients, including Wang, had decomposition hospitalization behavior, involving a violation amount of 4,870.65 yuan; The list of medical expenses of three patients in this hospital is inconsistent with the doctor’s advice, involving an illegal amount of 3677.39 yuan. According to the provisions of Articles 33 and 47 of the Interim Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Medical Security Fund in Heilongjiang Province, there are some problems in shangzhi city Lianghe Town Central Health Center, such as decomposition of hospitalization, the list of expenses inconsistent with the doctor’s advice, etc., and the amount involved in the violation shall be recovered. According to the provisions of Article 87 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Social Insurance Law, a fine of three times the amount of violation was imposed.

X. Harbin Minsheng Hospital illegally settled the medical insurance fund case.

Harbin Medical Insurance Bureau and the Municipal Public Security Bureau jointly sent an inspection team to inspect the management and use of medical insurance funds in Binxian County from January 2018 to July 2020. During the inspection, it was found that Harbin Minsheng Hospital paid RMB 118,264.30 to the medical insurance fund for residents’ medical insurance exceeding the restrictive conditions and diseases’ drug use violations, and carried out MRI inspection for medical treatment projects exceeding the medical institution practice license, involving RMB 8,100 to the medical insurance fund for violations. According to the provisions of the tenth and twelfth paragraphs of Article 72 of the Service Agreement for Designated Medical Institutions of Binxian Medical Security Bureau, the paid illegal medical insurance fund of 126,364.30 yuan was recovered, deducting 150 points for urban and rural residents in 2020 and 100 points for urban workers in 2020. (Harbin Daily reporter Yu Yongzhen)