Dental health is an important symbol of national health.

　　The fourth national oral health epidemiological survey shows that the situation of children suffering from dental caries is on the rise; Middle-aged people have poor periodontal condition; The oral health of the elderly is improving, but there are still some problems.

　　Tooth is the beginning of digestive tract, and its chewing function is related to the nutritional intake of human body and maintains the energy balance of the body. For example, infections and inflammatory factors in the oral cavity can cause or aggravate chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes, and affect the quality of life. Therefore, dental health is not a trivial matter. To improve the health literacy of the whole people, we should not ignore dental health.

　　On the one hand, the dental diseases of Chinese residents are caused by the changes in lifestyle and diet structure, and people’s intake of sugary foods and sugary drinks has increased, which has increased the risk of dental caries. On the other hand, many people lack oral health knowledge, which leads to dental diseases for life.

　　Chinese often said "old-fashioned". In fact, when people are old, their teeth are not necessarily old. "Old teeth" are not necessarily because they are old, but probably because their teeth are sick. If you don’t want to lose your teeth, you should start with dolls and oral health knowledge.

　　This edition will launch the trilogy of "Healthy Through Train and Tooth Protection" from now on, focusing on the dental health problems of children, adults and the elderly respectively, clarifying the misunderstanding of nursing and introducing the common sense of protection, so please pay attention.

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　　With people’s attention to oral health and tooth beauty, the demand for orthodontics in children is increasing.

　　Orthodontics refers to the correction of teeth and the removal of deformities of teeth and jaws. Many parents found their children’s dental problems early and tend to "start from childhood".

　　So, what are the misunderstandings in children’s orthodontics? What should I do if my child’s teeth are irregular and asymmetrical? Our reporter interviewed Hu Wei, chief physician of Orthodontics Department of Peking University Stomatological Hospital.

　　Who should I treat my crooked teeth?

　　You should go to the orthodontics department of stomatological hospital or the orthodontics specialty of stomatological clinic.

　　Reporter: If you want to correct your child’s teeth, can you find a general dentist to treat it?

　　Hu Wei: First of all, it should be emphasized that the problem of correcting children’s teeth is not to find a dental department, but to find an orthodontist, not a general dentist.

　　General dentists don’t know much about the mechanism of dentofacial deformity, and they don’t know much about the growth and development of children’s teeth and jaws. Naturally, they are not familiar with the best correction opportunity and method of dentofacial deformity, which may delay the correction of children. In the orthodontics clinic, it happened that the doctor who filled the child’s teeth was correcting the child’s teeth at the same time. Because he didn’t make a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment design, he only focused on the correction of the tooth irregularity. As a result, the teeth were initially lined up, but the problem of the child’s jaw dysplasia became more and more serious. When he found an orthodontist, he missed the best time to correct the jaw dysplasia. This can be described as "picking up sesame seeds but losing watermelon".

　　The growth and development of children’s teeth and jaws and the correction of various dentofacial deformities are the key contents that orthodontists study and pay attention to. Only orthodontists can comprehensively evaluate the types and degrees of children’s tooth and jaw deformities and their growth and development, make a comprehensive and correct diagnosis, and take targeted early correction. Every child’s teeth and jaw deformities are personalized, and early corrective methods and appliances for these problems should fully reflect individuality.

　　Therefore, when children’s teeth are found to be crooked or can’t grow, they should go to the orthodontics department of stomatological hospital or the orthodontics specialty of stomatological clinic.

　　How to determine the timing of correction?

　　Some tooth deformities can wait, and some can’t; You don’t have to wait until the deciduous teeth are replaced before correcting them.

　　Reporter: Can a child’s deciduous teeth be corrected when they have not been replaced?

　　Hu Wei: The concept that "deciduous teeth cannot be corrected until they have been replaced" is deeply rooted in many people’s hearts, even including some dentists.

　　In fact, some tooth deformities can wait, while others can’t, because the best time for correction is fleeting. For example, the deformities that affect the growth and development of the jaw, such as lower teeth and facial deviation, need to be corrected as soon as possible. Considering the children’s ability to cooperate with orthodontic treatment, girls and boys can start early correction of lower teeth and facial deviation at the age of about 4 and 5, and no later than 8 years old. For another example, some primary school students will have some bad oral habits, such as licking or biting their fingers, sticking out their tongues or licking new teeth with their tongues, biting their lips, etc. These habits must be corrected in time, otherwise it will affect the normal development of jaws and teeth, leading to dentofacial deformities. Some problems in children’s tooth replacement also need to be corrected as soon as possible. The reason why many parents bring their children to see a doctor is that the deciduous teeth have been lost for a long time, but they can’t see the permanent teeth growing out. In fact, it is because the child’s permanent teeth have problems in the growth process and cannot erupt (impacted teeth) on their own. These conditions need to be diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible after being discovered. Some children suffer from allergic rhinitis, tonsils and adenoids, which affect the normal breathing of the nose. They need to open their mouths to breathe, and in the long run, they will also have more obvious jaw and tooth deformities. This kind of problem needs to be diagnosed and treated in otorhinolaryngology department first, and the swollen tonsils and adenoids should be removed to make the respiratory tract unobstructed, and then an orthodontist should be found to correct it.

　　Therefore, after the replacement of deciduous teeth, many children’s dentofacial deformities have missed the best opportunity for correction. Whether children and adolescents need early orthodontic treatment, when to treat them, and what kind of correction methods to use need to be determined by orthodontists according to the types and degrees of children’s dentofacial deformities and their growth and development.

　　Find the deformity and treat it quickly?

　　It depends on the specific situation. Parents should not worry too much.

　　Reporter: So, is it better to correct your child’s teeth as soon as possible?

　　Hu Wei: In sharp contrast to the view that "deciduous teeth can’t be corrected before they are replaced", some parents are too anxious about their children’s tooth deformities and always want to correct them as soon as possible. Parents’ mood is understandable, but it depends on the specific situation.

　　As mentioned above, lower teeth, crooked face, bad oral habits (biting fingers, spitting out tongue, etc.), mouth-opening breathing caused by tonsil and adenoid enlargement, impacted teeth and supernumerary teeth need early detection and treatment. For the short chin (mandibular retraction deformity), we should wait until the peak of the child’s growth and development to temporarily correct it, so that we can get twice the result with half the effort. Generally, the growth and development peak of girls is between 10 and 12 years old, and boys are two years later than girls, and their growth and development peak is mostly between 12 and 14 years old.

　　In addition, there is no need to worry about some temporary tooth deformities during children’s tooth replacement, such as cracks between maxillary incisors (central incisors) and crowns of maxillary incisors (lateral incisors) sticking out to both sides. This is because when the central incisor erupts, the root of the central incisor is squeezed by the lateral incisor that has not erupted, and the crown of the lateral incisor is against the root of the central incisor, which causes the central incisor to tilt to both sides, resulting in crevices. However, the "brothers" have not been separated for a long time. After the lateral incisors erupt, the crowns of the central incisors will also be squeezed. At that time, the two front teeth will gradually move closer to the middle and eventually return to the correct position.

　　The most common phenomenon during children’s tooth replacement is that the front teeth grow in and out, which is irregular (crowded dentition). These are mainly due to the immature jawbone, the newly grown permanent teeth are much larger than the deciduous teeth, and the space of the original deciduous teeth can not meet the needs, so there is a contradiction between supply and demand in the dentition, and several newly grown permanent teeth have to be wronged. With the growth and development of maxilla and mandible, the dental arch will increase. The "home" has become bigger, and the permanent teeth that were originally crowded together will automatically adjust their positions, and the degree of crowding will be improved. The replacement period of primary and permanent teeth can be said to be an "ugly duckling" stage that children have to go through. Parents should not worry too much. Many cases of crowded dentition can get better by themselves after the jaw develops.

　　Therefore, when a child is found to have teeth misaligned, an orthodontist should be asked to conduct a comprehensive examination and evaluation, so as to determine when to correct. Many children with crowded dentition can wait until the deciduous teeth are replaced before treatment, which can not only shorten the treatment course, but also save the treatment cost and obtain better curative effect.

　　Don’t worry if the deciduous teeth are broken?

　　Should be treated in time, as far as possible to keep rather than easily pull out.

　　Reporter: Many people think that deciduous teeth will be replaced by permanent teeth in the future anyway, and it won’t matter if they are broken, and there is no need to treat them. Is that so?

　　Hu Wei: This is a wrong idea. Although deciduous teeth only stay in the mouth for a relatively short period of time, they play an important role.

　　Poor deciduous teeth will directly affect children’s eating and chewing and digesting food, which is not conducive to children’s growth and development. The health of deciduous teeth is also very important for the development of children’s jaws. If the deciduous teeth are broken (mostly decayed teeth) and the teeth are not filled in time, children will not want to eat with the teeth with bad teeth. Over time, they will develop the bad habit of unilateral chewing, which will lead to abnormal jaw development and facial asymmetry. Some children’s upper front teeth are broken due to improper feeding methods (mostly bottle caries of deciduous teeth), and they are not treated in time. As a result, there are no upper front teeth when the children are very young. This is likely to lead to the occurrence of undertoothing in the future. If the deciduous teeth are not treated in time, it will also cause root inflammation, which will further interfere with the development of the permanent tooth germ immediately below them.

　　Primary teeth are the guide for the eruption of permanent teeth. Without guidance, permanent teeth will either not grow or grow in the wrong direction. The existence of deciduous teeth can provide shelter for the permanent teeth in the future. If it breaks down or falls off prematurely, the adjacent teeth will occupy this space, causing the permanent teeth to be replaced later to have nowhere to live, resulting in the teeth either growing crooked or not growing out (impacted teeth).

　　Therefore, if the deciduous teeth are broken, they should be treated in time and kept as much as possible instead of being pulled out easily. If the deciduous teeth are so bad that they must be pulled out, they should be examined by an orthodontist, and a corresponding gap retainer (gap retainer) should be made and placed at the pulled-out deciduous teeth to prevent the adjacent teeth from moving, so as to reserve space for the permanent teeth that will grow here in the future. There are various types of gap holders, which are selected and used by orthodontists according to the development of children’s teeth and jaws.

　　In order to develop children’s teeth healthily, parents should first raise their awareness of protecting their children’s deciduous teeth, and regularly check their teeth at the dental clinic. Secondly, they should find an orthodontist for professional diagnosis and treatment in time if they find abnormal tooth development, so as to lay the foundation for their children to have a good tooth in the future.

Employment and entrepreneurship subsidies, these benefits must not be missed! Enterprises in Guangzhou have come to see that these six employment and entrepreneurship subsidies are eligible, so don’t miss it! 1. What major employment and entrepreneurship subsidies can enterprises enjoy? According to the Notice of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Finance of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security on Printing and Distributing the Guidance List for Applying for Employment and Entrepreneurship Subsidies in Guangzhou (Revised Edition) (Sui Ren She Gui Zi [2022] No.1), the subsidies that enterprises can enjoy mainly include: social insurance subsidies for people with employment difficulties, social insurance subsidies for small and micro enterprises, general post subsidies, employment subsidies for retired military personnel, employment subsidies for entrepreneurship, and one-time entrepreneurship subsidies. 2. Are there any differences in various subsidies? The following table lists the main comparisons of various subsidies. For details, please refer to the Notice of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Finance of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security on Printing and Distributing the Guidance List for Guangzhou Employment and Entrepreneurship Subsidies (Revised Edition) (Sui Ren She Gui Zi [2022] No.1). 3. Can these subsidies be applied online? How to apply for it? All the above subsidies can be applied online. Applicants can log in to Guangdong Government Affairs Service Network as a legal person, search for the corresponding subsidies in the search box, click the subsidies to be applied in the results, and follow the prompts. 4. What information should be submitted? Do I need to submit it at the front desk? 1. Absorb social insurance subsidies and general post subsidies for people with employment difficulties: the labor contract or a copy and affix the official seal of the unit (provided by newly added personnel and renewal personnel).2. Social insurance subsidy for small and micro enterprises: graduation certificate (returned after verification); A copy of the labor contract and the official seal of the unit (provided by newly-added personnel and renewal personnel for the first time). 3. Absorb the employment subsidy for retired military personnel: exit the active service certificate (returned after verification), the labor contract or copy and affix the official seal of the unit. 4. Entrepreneurial employment subsidy: labor contract or copy with official seal of the unit. 5. One-time entrepreneurship funding: basic identity materials for qualified personnel, student ID cards (returned after verification) for students, graduation certificates (returned after verification) for graduates, academic degree certification issued by the education department for those who have gone abroad (returned after verification) for those who have been demobilized from the army and retired soldiers, and residence books (returned after verification) for entrepreneurs who have returned home. Returnees who go out to study need to provide graduation certificates (returned after verification), and returnees from other provinces need to provide Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate or Employment and Unemployment Registration Certificate or social security payment records (returned after verification). All the above subsidies can be submitted in scanned form when applying online, without going to the front desk to submit them. V. Consultation Channels 1. For the contact information of public employment service agencies in each district, please refer to the Notice of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security on Doing a Good Job in Employment and Entrepreneurship Subsidies, and Appendix 2 Address and Telephone Number of Public Employment Service Agencies in Guangzhou; 2. Government service hotline 12345. 6. How to get the latest information about subsidies?1. Pay attention to the official website of Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau; 2. Pay attention to WeChat WeChat official account: Guangzhou People’s Society; 3. Pay attention to the WeChat WeChat official account or WeChat applet of public employment service agencies in each district according to the district where the unit belongs.

　　After 19 days of release, the box office broke 3.6 billion, ranking among the top five in the mainland box office list, and Ne Zha quickly became the box office champion of domestic animated films. In addition to the "China Myth Universe", "Nezha" also shows the strength of a large number of domestic film and television production teams in a low-key way. The reporter found that the names of nearly 70 production teams appeared in the credits of the film, and the luxury of the lineup has not lost to foreign special effects blockbusters.

　　Recently, the reporter interviewed Nanjing Yuanguang Digital Technology Co., Ltd., which participated in the production of Nezha, and Nanjing Force Animation, which produced a 300-minute virtual picture of the TV series Full-time Master, to understand how technicians created a virtual three-dimensional world through CG (computer animation), motion capture and other "technical flow" work.

　　"Nezha" was born in this way.

　　Most special effects

　　There are more than 1,800 shots in Nezha, including 1,400 special effects shots, which is the highest among Chinese cartoons.

　　From Noisy Sea to Nezha: From 2D to 3D, from hand-drawing to computer modeling.

　　Compared with the animated film "Where is the Sea", which was also widely praised 40 years ago, the most intuitive impression of the "amateur" audience is that the original two-dimensional picture has become the current three-dimensional picture. Not only Nezha, but also the animated films in recent years, we will find that with the rapid development of CG (computer animation) technology, there are more and more three-dimensional animations.

　　"The difference between two-dimensional animation and three-dimensional animation is mainly reflected in the middle and late stages." Lu Xi, director of Yuanguang Digital CG Department, told reporters that whether it is two-dimensional animation or three-dimensional animation, script roles, scenes, props setting, shot script production and other work should be carried out in the early stage. From the beginning of modeling and mapping, the characteristics of three-dimensional animation began to appear.

　　It is understood that the picture of two-dimensional animation is flat, generally hand-drawn. The production method is to input the pre-drawn animation into the computer frame by frame, and the computer helps to complete the coloring, and then output it into pieces. Three-dimensional animation is generally a virtual space established by three-dimensional software, and then modeled in this space according to the shape and size of the object to be represented. According to the requirements of the story, the material of the model is made, the motion animation is set, the virtual camera is added, and the lights are put on it, and finally the picture is generated.

　　The technology of "growing" wrinkles and "growing" hair makes the details more simple and real.

　　In order to avoid spoilers, Lu Xi took other works of the company as examples, and used pictures to show reporters the process of "birth" of an elderly male character.

　　Modeling is the first step to create three-dimensional figures. Thanks to the progress of digital carving and other technical means, technicians can now process the model more carefully and add wrinkles and other details. The next mapping adds details such as skin color, skin texture and hair to the plaster model with single color and texture, and the age spots on the old man’s face are clearly visible. In the early days, the modeling of three-dimensional animated hair needed to map fake hair, but now, technicians can use software to make people "grow" hairs, each of which conforms to the dynamic characteristics and is very authentic.

　　To make the model move, it is necessary to bind the bones, spine, humerus, ulna and phalanx … … Driving the model with the weight distribution of bones in different parts makes the model have similar actions with real people. There are generally two ways to shape expressions: to make key frames of expressions manually, or to do it through motion capture devices.

　　After that, it is necessary to put the characters into the environment and complete the rendering and special effects synthesis. This part sounds more like a physics lesson: fine-tuning the material, such as a table, adjusting the reflective effect according to the specific situation, adding more real details such as wear and scratches; Rendering layering, layering the place where each lamp shines, which is convenient for later adjustment; Special effects production, such as people entering the pool, people interacting with water as collision objects; Finally, the light rendering and special effects synthesis, and then fine-tune the light projection and so on.

　　How is the "full-time master" tempered?

　　Enough "luxury"

　　"Full-time Master" has more than 300 minutes of virtual pictures, and its volume is almost three times that of ordinary movies. Therefore, the Force team formed a team of 566 people and completed the production task within half a year.

　　94 cameras were used for modeling.

　　To be "a little like him and a little different from him"

　　Stick marks all over your body and do various actions in the motion capture shed; Put on an expression catcher and mobilize all facial muscles to match the real expressions of emotions and sorrows for the virtual characters … … These shooting methods, which often appear in "burning money" movies in Europe and America, are widely used in the recently popular online drama "Full-time Master". The Force Animation Company, which completed this "luxury" production, is headquartered in Nanjing. Previously, Yang Yang and other actors completed the filming of the virtual part in Nanjing’s Force Motion Capture Base. In addition to software and hardware, the technical team also belongs to the film-level ultra-luxury lineup.

　　The reporter learned that "Full-time Master" is an e-sports TV series with a large number of virtual shots in the game. In order to enhance the recognition of virtual characters, the producer adopted the method of redesigning the faces of real actors. Shi Ningning, executive producer of visual effects of Force Animation, introduced that Force Animation used 94 cameras to scan Yang Yang and other leading actors from multiple perspectives, built a real head model, and then adjusted the details to make the digital characters "a little like Yang Yang but a little different". In addition, the actor has to make 74 special facial expressions, such as emotions, emotions, eyes wide open, eyes wide open, mouth wide open and so on, so that the expressions can be more truly presented in the three-dimensional world.

　　After that, it should be "matched" with the real characters and real scenes of physical props in the studio in real time, and through certain technical processing, actors can drive digital characters with their limbs. "For example, when Yang Yang raised his left hand, his corresponding game character Jun Moxiao also raised his left hand; When he picked up the weapon props, Jun Moxiao also picked up the weapon ‘ Thousand machine umbrellas ’ 。”

　　"The next step is action editing and special effects editing. The concept of virtual shooting special effects editing is completely different from that of conventional editing." Shi Ningning said that this is the coolest part. In the built digital world, all actions can be replayed and repeated constantly. Virtual cameras can get close-ups, distant views and close-ups of faces from all angles. After a few seconds of performance, they can change "positions" to get hundreds of shots, which are output and edited to form all the necessary elements in a scene.

　　Technology is a double-edged sword.

　　Did Simba the lion "face paralysis"?

　　The audience may not necessarily buy the technology of "god reduction"

　　This year, the "live CG version" movies Alita and The Lion King are both called the ultimate application of CG technology. There are no real people in the two films, so it is called "real version" because a lot of motion capture and real expression capture are used in the films.

　　There are 47 hair styles including eyebrows and eyelashes. There are nearly 500,000 "peach fluff" on the face and ears, and more than 2,500 fixed-frame images of facial expressions … … Figures and actress rosa salazar’s action and expression capture create an Alita with real joys and sorrows, which makes fans of the original comic book very happy.

　　However, it is also "God restored". After the release of The Lion King, it was criticized by many old fans as "facial paralysis" and "dull expression without aura". Some even directly said that the director used CG technology excessively to shoot an Animal World, and the little lion Simba completely lost the soul of the original animation.

　　"Exaggerated expression is the feature and charm of animation. If you rely on technology to pursue complete ‘ Restore ’ , but let the role lose its expressiveness, then ‘ Animation ’ It makes no sense. " Lu Xi bluntly said that technology is a tool to promote the continuous innovation and progress of animation, rather than a stumbling block to imagination, and technology should be well used in animation production. (Yangzi Evening News/Yangyan reporter Liu Liyuan)