Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 5th Title: Substantial progress has been made in promoting the construction of a unified national market.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Chen Weiwei, Zhao Wenjun and Han Jianuo

　　The the State Council executive meeting held recently studied and implemented the overall work plan and recent measures for building a unified national market. How to build a unified national market? At the routine briefing on the State Council policy held on the 5th, the heads of relevant departments responded to social concerns.

　　Create a unified factor market

On June 5th, the State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy, and Li Chunlin, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, introduced the situation of building a unified national market. Xinhua News Agency reporter Han Jianuo photo

　　Unified factor market is the key area of building a unified national market.

　　Li Chunlin, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in recent years, all parties have continued to make efforts to jointly promote a number of substantive reform measures. For example, the pilot project of deepening the entry of rural collective construction land into the market was launched in an all-round way, the policy of relaxing urban settlement was released in a safe and orderly manner, the reform of the stock issuance registration system was fully implemented, and the unified data basic system was accelerated.

　　Li Chunlin said that in the next step, the National Development and Reform Commission will work with relevant parties to improve the unified land and labor market in urban and rural areas, accelerate the development of a unified capital market, accelerate the cultivation of a unified technology and data market, and break the division of factor markets and multi-track operation.

　　Continue to exert efforts to break local protection and administrative monopoly.

On June 5th, the State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy in Beijing. Zhu Jianqiao, Director of the Comprehensive Planning Department of the General Administration of Market Supervision, introduced the situation of building a unified national market. Xinhua News Agency reporter Han Jianuo photo

　　Breaking local protection and administrative monopoly is the key task of accelerating the construction of a unified national market.

　　Zhu Jianqiao, director of the Comprehensive Planning Department of the General Administration of Market Supervision, said that the General Administration of Market Supervision has continued to exert efforts to break local protection and administrative monopoly, continue to regulate improper market intervention, and fully implement the fair competition review system. Focus on eight areas, such as public utilities, government procurement, and bidding, which are reflected in the market, and carry out special actions to stop abuse of administrative power, eliminate and restrict competition.

　　Zhu Jianqiao introduced that in the next step, the General Administration of Market Supervision will accelerate the formulation of the Regulations on Fair Competition Review and carry out special anti-monopoly law enforcement actions in the field of people’s livelihood.

　　In terms of strengthening the supply of basic market systems, Zhu Cambridge introduced that it will focus on market access, fair competition, credit supervision and intellectual property protection, and strengthen institutional innovation in the field of market supervision. Focus on strengthening the innovative supply of basic systems around new formats and new models, and constantly complement the rules of market supervision systems in emerging fields.

　　Further improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of market access negative list

　　Implementing a unified market access system is an important task in building a unified national market.

　　Li Chunlin introduced that it is necessary to further improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the negative list of market access, improve the implementation mechanism of the list landing, intensify efforts to break down all kinds of hidden barriers, promote the formation of a more sound and perfect market access system, and strive to create a fairer and smoother market access environment.

On June 5th, the State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy, and Zhou Qiang, Director of the Market System Construction Department of the Ministry of Commerce, introduced the situation of building a unified national market. Xinhua News Agency reporter Han Jianuo photo

　　The unified big market is a global and fully open market. Zhou Qiang, director of the Department of Market System Construction of the Ministry of Commerce, said that the negative list of foreign investment access should be reduced reasonably, and restrictions on foreign investment access should be further cancelled or relaxed.

　　Substantial progress has been made in promoting the construction of a unified national market.

　　Li Chunlin introduced that in the next step, we should focus on four aspects of work and promote substantial progress in the construction of a unified national market.

　　First, we will promptly carry out a series of special actions in response to the current outstanding problems. Clean up policies and measures that hinder unified market and fair competition, formulate a list of precautions against improper market intervention, and establish a rapid response mechanism for business entities to reflect problems.

　　The second is to speed up the improvement of supporting policies for building a unified national market. Accelerate the legislative process of the law on the construction of social credit system and the implementation regulations of the law on the protection of consumers’ rights and interests, revise the negative list of market access, and study and formulate guidelines for building a unified national market standard.

　　The third is to improve the long-term institutional mechanism to adapt to the construction of a unified national market. Further improve the fiscal, taxation, statistics and local performance appraisal system. Strengthen the unified planning and macro guidance for the layout of major productive forces, strengthen the overall planning of industrial policies, and promote the construction of a regional economic layout and a land space system with complementary advantages, reasonable division of labor and high-quality development.

　　Fourth, increase overall coordination, refine the division of responsibilities, strengthen follow-up and supervision, promote the implementation of various measures, and study new situations and solve new problems in a timely manner.

In the Internet age, the related trends between enterprises and consumers often attract extensive attention and discussion on the Internet. The topic of "Is the lawyer’s letter of Meituan fake?" has been widely discussed by major social platforms. With the fermentation of events and the emergence of many opinions, all kinds of discussions have become the focus of attention. Below, we will analyze it from many angles, trying to answer the question in everyone’s mind, is the letter from Meituan lawyer true?

Before we understand this incident, it is necessary for us to find out what a lawyer’s letter is. A lawyer’s letter is a formal legal document issued by a law firm or lawyer, which is usually used to express positions, claim rights or give warnings. In business operations and civil disputes, lawyer’s letter is a frequently used legal tool.

Whether a lawyer’s letter is true or not is a key point to determine its authority. If the lawyer’s letter is false, its legal effect will cease to exist, and it will only become a tool of intimidation. If the lawyer’s letter widely circulated in the name of Meituan is proved to be false, it is obvious that it will not only be affected by the crisis of trust, but also seriously affect the reputation of the company. So, is the lawyer’s letter from Meituan true? This is the core issue that we need to promote interpretation.

The origin of this incident is a so-called "Meituan lawyer’s letter" circulated on the Internet. Some people posted public screenshots, some people took the opportunity to make heated discussions, and even some users began to question the business strategy and attitude of the company. This led to "whether the letter from the lawyer of the US Mission is true or not" immediately boarded the hot search list.

In a short period of time, users from many different platforms analyzed the contents of the lawyer’s letter word by word, and put forward two core questions: Does this lawyer’s letter represent the official position of the US Mission? Is the legal basis behind the lawyer’s letter sufficient? In these doubts, whether the enterprise comes forward to clarify or not has become an important reference to judge the authenticity of this incident.

If we want to verify whether the lawyer’s letter of Meituan is true, the first task is to confirm the source of this lawyer’s letter. If the lawyer’s letter really comes directly from Meituan Company and is issued by a law firm authorized by Meituan, then its authenticity is beyond doubt. However, if this lawyer’s letter contains forged elements, then the person or organization that spreads such information is suspected of breaking the law.

Enterprises will issue statements through legal channels, including official websites and official Weibo, to trace the authenticity of lawyers’ letters. Whether the US delegation publicly confirms and responds may also become an important source of information to judge the truth of this incident.

The rationality and legal basis of the lawyer’s letter is also an important basis for answering "whether the lawyer’s letter of Meituan is true or not". Judging from the relevant screenshots published at present, this lawyer’s letter seems to be mainly related to some consumer or online comment disputes, especially the handling of the negative comments of the US Mission.

According to the analysis, a lawyer’s letter with doubtful authenticity may usually be deliberately expressed in vague terms to achieve the purpose of deterring users. If the lawyer’s letter has clear logic and sufficient reasons, and is accompanied by specific legal provisions, its authenticity will be relatively higher. "Whether the lawyer’s letter of Meituan is true or not" needs to be considered in combination with the careful screening of the content.

"Is it true or not?" is not only a simple legal question, but also a public opinion crisis because it involves public sentiment. Some netizens are skeptical and think that this may be a means of marketing; Another part of netizens pointed out that such lawyers’ letters were suspected of abuse, which virtually infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of users.

This divided voice exposes consumers’ expectations for the sincerity of corporate communication. Even if the lawyer’s letter of Meituan is finally proved to be true, enterprises need to further strengthen communication with consumers to avoid the situation from escalating.

The answer to the question "Is the lawyer’s letter of Meituan true?" may need to wait for the public certification of authoritative channels. During this period, events may still evolve in many directions.

If the lawyer’s letter is proved to be true, it is likely to be a legal means for the US Mission to protect its legitimate rights and interests, but whether the public agrees with its legal strategy will become the focus of discussion. If the lawyer’s letter is proved to be false, then Meituan may face more legal risks, not only need to take countermeasures, but also need to repair the trust rift with consumers.

What is the truth? Dealing with such disputes should be based on facts and take the law as the criterion to avoid hasty accusations and the spread of false information.

Taking the public opinion crisis caused by "Is the letter from the lawyer of Meituan true" as an example, we can observe that how to deal with it in the storm of corporate public opinion is very critical. If it is a corporate behavior, it is necessary to prove the legitimacy of the behavior. If it is not a corporate behavior, it needs to be quickly and publicly rumored. At present, in the information-developed network society, timely public relations response can greatly enhance the credibility of the organization.

For consumers and the public, it is also very important to treat such events rationally. Don’t trust unconfirmed information, learn official channels and formal media to get the truth.

Generally speaking, "Is the lawyer’s letter of Meituan true" has aroused widespread concern about corporate behavior norms and user protection laws. This incident reminds us that both enterprises and individuals should keep a clear understanding of online speech and behavior norms to avoid falling into legal risks.

The final answer may also require the official statement of the US Mission. But whatever the truth is, we all expect the incident to usher in a fair and just solution, and the trust between enterprises and consumers can be built more healthily.

If we are going to choose a new energy vehicle, we should not only look at the standard cruising range performance of the target model, but also look at its actual cruising range, especially in the cold winter. Of course, due to the limitation of objective conditions, it is not realistic to test by yourself, so you may wish to pay attention to the newly-launched 2022 new energy winter test activity. This winter test covers 54 mainstream models in various price ranges below 100,000, 100,000-200,000, 200,000-300,000 and above 300,000, such as BYD Dolphin, Nezha S, Han EV, Ideal L9, etc., which is very worthy of reference for car consumers.

Since it is a winter test, the temperature at the test site should naturally be low enough. Therefore, this winter test site was selected in Yakeshi City and genhe city, Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia, where the temperature has dropped to 20 degrees below zero. Testing new energy vehicles in such a low temperature environment can naturally reflect the actual endurance performance and charging technology of the models.

In the endurance test of this winter test, it is limited to the load combination of one driver and one passenger, and the driving mode tends to be daily. At the same time, the braking energy recovery will be carried out in the economic driving mode/the strongest gear, and 100 electric charges will be replenished in advance and the automatic air conditioning temperature setting at 24℃ will be completed.

In addition to the cruising range and charging performance, this test will also evaluate the performance, intelligent cockpit, assisted driving and spatial performance of the model, and present the product strength of the model to the audience in multiple dimensions.

In fact, this is not the first time that Chedi has conducted a winter test of new energy vehicles. At the end of 2012, a related test was also conducted. At that time, 41 mainstream new energy vehicles were evaluated, involving 20 items such as battery life, charging, elk test and climbing, so that consumers can intuitively understand the actual quality of the vehicles. This year’s winter test involves more models and deserves consumers’ attention and expectation.

In the list of heroes in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, there is a 21-year-old hero whose name has already spread all over China and North Korea with the Battle of Shangganling. He is Huang Jiguang who blocked the machine gun eye of the enemy bunker with his chest and was awarded the title of "Super Hero to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" by China and North Korea.

Huang Jiguang-based online movie "Superhero Huang Jiguang" is about to meet the audience. The film is a project supported by the State Administration of Radio and Television for the creation and dissemination of network audio-visual programs. It is directed by the Network Audio-visual Department of the State Administration of Radio and Television and the Beijing Radio and Television Bureau, supported by the 95944 troops of the China People’s Liberation Army and the Huang Jiguang Memorial Hall, and produced by Beijing Taomeng Network Technology Co., Ltd. The film tells the story of Huang Jiguang’s joining the army and growing up, as well as the story that he gave his life to block the loophole for the victory of the army. Huang Jiguang, the Superhero, won the first batch of Network Drama Distribution License issued by Beijing Radio and Television Bureau.

Find another way to find the entrance

Huang Jiguang was born in 1931 in a poor peasant family in Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province. In March 1951, he actively responded to the call of "Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea and Defending the Country", signed up for Chinese people’s Volunteer Army, and then crossed the Yalu River with the troops to fight in the DPRK. In the Battle of Shangganling, Huang Jiguang blocked the machine gun eyes strafed by the bunker with his chest, paving the way for the troops to charge and making a heroic sacrifice.

Many viewers are familiar with Huang Jiguang’s heroic deeds, but they are not familiar with his growth story. "Everyone has heard the story of Huang Jiguang blocking a loophole, but why did he block a loophole? What exactly did he do before plugging the loophole? In fact, many people don’t know it, and some people have questioned the authenticity of’ blocking gun holes’. " Zhou Runze, director of the film, said that as an online film with limited cost, Superhero Huang Jiguang wanted to stand out from the crowd not by grand war scenes, but by finding a new way to make its characters fuller and more grounded.

Yin Chao, the producer, founder and CEO of Amoy Dream, said that he didn’t want Huang Jiguang, the Superhero, to be made into a traditional biographical film, and he didn’t want this work to be over-commercialized or dramatized heroism, so he needed to find a suitable entrance. Through consulting a large number of historical materials, the creative team learned that Huang Jiguang, who was in his early teens, suffered the death of his father and was forced to work in the landlord’s house to pay his debts. His struggling mother told him that he must turn over for the poor when he grows up. "Although it’s a war theme, the team doesn’t want to over-magnify the war scenes, but instead, it grasps the small incision of’ the relationship between Huang Jiguang and his mother’ and shows how he grew from an ordinary soldier to a super hero through the growth environment. Of course, in addition to his mother, leaders, comrades-in-arms and fellow villagers also gave him great strength. "

Huang Jiguang, the Superhero, has made great efforts in plump characters. "Plump characters need a lot of life details to support them, and the team will also add some dramatic creations. However, dramatic creation should be based on real history. When sorting out the materials and materials, the team found that in fact, in Shangganling, there are many young people who have made selfless contributions to the country like Huang Jiguang. He is just the epitome of Qian Qian’s thousands of soldiers. " Yin Chao said that this film does not simply create a hero, but wants to restore a three-dimensional, real person, hoping to arouse the emotional resonance of the current young audience.

The war scene is strict with details.

Shooting war themes, characterization and war scenes need to be integrated. Zhou Runze said that "Superhero Huang Jiguang" is based on a true story, and it needs to restore the truth by heart, and "truth" is multifaceted. "Not only the plot should be true, the battlefield environment and the fighting process should be true, but also the time, place, props and guns involved in the war."

Zhou Runze introduced that when the previous script was not completed, the crew began to look for locations that met the requirements all over the country. "The conditions of the film and television base are very mature, but the natural environment is much different from the battlefield in Shangganling. When the team surveyed the landscape in the early stage, they went to Northeast China, Shandong and other places, and finally found that the shape and height of a mountainous area in Henan were suitable. "　

After choosing the shooting location, Zhou Runze, the military director and production designer ran back and forth on the mountain many times, and also let the actors experience it again and again with guns. "How to arrange the positions and trenches on the mountain? Where did Huang Jiguang fight from during the battle? Finally, where did the bunker where he wanted to block the loophole appear? Like the battle deduction, we went through the whole process and refined each battle process into the script. " Zhou Runze revealed that after the field experience and detailed planning, he couldn’t help crying while changing the script in the hotel at night. "After running on the mountain, I really realized how difficult it was for the volunteers to fight in the environment at that time."

In casting, in order to be closer to the characters, the team selected a group of newcomers as the leading actors, and invited professional military instructors to train the actors and carefully study various military actions. "There are veterans among the actors, and they thought their actions were very standard, but in fact, many military actions in the 1950s, including gun gestures, were different from those now, so no details can be relaxed."

Creating Heroes from "Humanity"

As a well-known enterprise in the online film industry, Taomeng has produced many military movies, including Bomber, Sniper and Life and Death Blocking. Now, when filming online movies with military themes again, Yin Chao hopes that "Superhero Huang Jiguang" can retain the audience with stories and characters, which not only needs to pave the way for the content, but also requires a more elaborate production process. "No matter what kind of carrier, the audience needs a good story. Huang Jiguang, the Superhero, has been carefully polished, and it has lasted for more than four years from planning to now, far exceeding the creation time of many online movies. We hope that in addition to entertainment, on the basis of the creation of’ Little Zhengda’, the audience can gain something and resonate. "

Zhou Runze said that the current theme creation, especially in shaping the heroes of revolutionary history, should put down the shelf with a correct attitude and proceed from human nature. "Blindly highlighting the image of the hero’ Gao Daquan’ has been difficult to be accepted by young audiences now. We need to calm down, look for the human side of heroes, and link the audience truly and naturally. Only in this way can the characteristics of heroes be highlighted. "

　 　Special planning |Sharing the same frequency with the people and resonating with the times

● Meet the party’s top 20 online audio-visual programs.

● "The Bloody Battle of Songmaoling": The story of the blood growth of the young Red Army at the grassroots level fighting for faith

"Are you safe? 》: Popular Science Network Security Knowledge Reflects Realistic Issues

● "Warrior Company": Reproduce the classic battles and inherit the revolutionary spirit.

● "Superhero Huang Jiguang": The great warrior who creates a vivid hero image is immortal.

● "China Youth: Me and My Youth": Pay tribute to the young people on the road to struggle.

● "Bloody Unknown Attack": eternal life in the artillery pays tribute to the unknown hero

● "Black Hawk Teenager": Reproduce Liangshan teenagers’ passionate dream-seeking journey

● "Looking Up and Seeing Happiness": The focus of the cinema team focuses on comedy as an annotation of the times.

● "Tianhu Commando": "Red and blue military exercise" shows the new era military.

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From October 11th to 13th, a think tank meeting, which has always been known as the authority of China urban rail development, will be held in Shenzhen, "China Urban Rail Transit Owners’ Leaders Summit 2021" to help build a smart urban rail and a strong transportation country.

Taking this opportunity, as the organizer of this conference, Shenzhen Metro will also hold a TOD brand launch conference with the theme of "Arriving at Unlimited Possibility" on October 13th, sharing the pioneering experience of how to use the "track+property" model to continuously feed back the construction and operation of rail transit and build a three-dimensional, efficient and intensive urban ecological space.

Behind the TOD model, which has aroused heated discussion in the industry, there are exciting blueprints:

By the end of 2020, 29 cities in China have carried out TOD comprehensive development, with a total land reserve of nearly 50 million ㎡ and an income increase of about 17 billion yuan. According to the international experience, almost all prosperous areas have central cities as their main platforms, and a strong rail transit network is often their important infrastructure. For example, the rail transit and TOD layout extending in all directions in San Francisco Bay Area, new york Bay Area and Tokyo Bay Area are examples.

In contrast, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is still in the initial stage of TOD territory expansion in metropolitan area, but Shenzhen, the core city, has made a breakthrough from it, explaining the story of urban double engine with urban rail construction and TOD development mode.

Race with the Times: China Urban Rail Transit Towards the New Blue Ocean

As the saying goes, "If you want to be rich, build roads first".

The road is clear, and all industries are prosperous. From China’s first urban rail line, Beijing Metro Line 1, on October 1, 1969, the 8,449-kilometer urban rail transit line that has been put into operation in 49 cities now ranks first in the world (including 6,641 kilometers of subway lines); From being a hundred years behind (the world’s first urban rail was the London Metro, which was opened to traffic in 1863) to becoming a new national business card, the China urban rail has completed a leap-forward development at a speed that shocked the world.

Image source: bigemap map

This criss-crossing urban rail crossing mountains and seas is a symbol of urban roads in the new era, and it also carries the dreams of hundreds of millions of people in China, and embodies the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to go far away and reach infinite possibilities.

According to incomplete statistics, in 2020, the domestic urban rail network completed a total of 17.59 billion passenger trips, which is equivalent to carrying the total population of the earth more than twice. In the same year, the proportion of urban rail transit passenger traffic in the total public transport passenger traffic nationwide was 38.7%, up 4.1 percentage points year-on-year; Among them, the passenger traffic of urban rail in six cities, including Beishangguangshen Ningrong, accounts for at least half of the country.

Data source: China Urban Rail Association, calculated from the monthly passenger traffic data of central cities published by official website, Ministry of Communications.

Today, China’s economy continues to develop steadily, but the traffic congestion problem is becoming increasingly serious. Undoubtedly, the construction of urban rail transit has been strongly supported by national policies, and it has moved from a big urban rail country to a strong urban rail country.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the development of urban rail transit was included in the plan development outline for the first time at the national level, and it was regarded as a major strategy to stimulate the sustainable development of the national economy, especially the economy of big cities.

In 2019, the country launched a new infrastructure strategy. Among the seven key infrastructure areas, the construction of "urban rail transit" is impressively listed;

In the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the Draft Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-term Target in 2035 also proposed that the mileage of urban rail transit in China will increase by 3,000 kilometers during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and it is estimated that the cumulative passenger traffic will exceed 100 billion passengers during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and the accumulated investment is expected to reach 1,818.8 billion yuan.

Even if the policy dividend is put aside, urban rail is still a transportation system that competes with the times and has strong endogenous development momentum.

First, from the demand side, even if China is stronger than first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, its urban rail density still lags far behind that of international metropolises.

Under the background of deepening urbanization, the formed urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas will further release the transportation needs such as logistics and people flow, followed by the continuous increase in the number of private cars, with traffic congestion as a typical urban disease. This means that in the foreseeable future, domestic urban rail transit construction still has a large room for growth.

Second, from the supply side, as of the end of 2020, the network planning of 61 cities nationwide has been approved and under construction, with a line length of 6,797.5 kilometers, accounting for 80% of the total line length currently in operation. Take Shenzhen as an example. According to the plan put forward by the Municipal Transportation Work Conference, by 2025, Shenzhen will build "640 kilometers of urban rail+220 kilometers of railway".

Source: Wind, CITIC Construction Investment

On the other hand, there are more than 100 cities in China that are planning rail transit, and more cities that meet the requirements for subway declaration still have no subways, which means that more supply reserve troops are ready to go. Therefore, it can almost be concluded that with the promotion of "urban integration", the national urban rail system will continue to gain development momentum.

Urban rail, which blooms everywhere, is changing the space-time layout of a city by means of point-to-line and line-to-network, and also broadening the road for the city to a better future.

The orderly operation of a modern city depends on public transportation, and urban rail transit is the first choice for public transportation. Further exploration, the aorta of domestic urban rail transit is the subway.

Source: China Urban Rail Transit Association, as of June 30, 2021.

As an important part of the urban public transportation system, if the basic function of making travel more convenient and faster is put aside, the construction and operation of the project will also promote the development of property and commerce along the surrounding areas, and often form a unique "subway economic belt".

After all, travel is not an end, but arrival.

Exploring the "city" in the city: TOD model empowers the diversified and efficient development of the city

"People come to cities to live, and people live in cities to live better." -Aristotle

China’s urban rail construction has entered the fast lane of speeding up. From a subway to rail transit in major cities all over the country, innovation is still going on, and China’s wisdom is creating the future. Then the soul torture is coming. Besides providing increasingly convenient and fast transportation, what kind of surprises will the urban rail bring to people’s lives?

Due to different personal preferences, the answers are bound to be varied. But the TOD project will be one of the popular answers, which represents people’s yearning for a better life in the era of urban rail transit.

What new species is TOD?

In the past, the development of domestic cities was mainly based on spatial expansion, but now the logic has changed to spatial optimization.

Take Shanghai, where the density of domestic urban rail is at the forefront, when the domestic TOD project has not been introduced, because the subway line construction has been spreading in various districts of Shanghai, the real estate is often developed wherever the rail is built, that is, the "subway house" in the usual sense. Although in this mode, Line 1 has driven Xinzhuang, Line 9 has driven Songjiang and Line 11 has driven Jiading … But this simple and rough development mode is obviously not a long-term solution for big cities with increasingly insufficient land space and increasingly congested cities, and new urban planning urgently needs a dose of "TOD medicine".

When it comes to TOD, I believe that the deepest impression of most people is "the subway is covered". In the ordinary urban rail depot, vehicles used to park in the open air. If a large concrete cover is added on it, then this "cover" is equivalent to re-creating a valuable building land. Under the cover, new properties are built on the cover, which is commonly known as "superstructure property (subway roof)". This creative development idea, on the one hand, solves the problems of land shortage and housing difficulties, on the other hand, realizes the property feeding back to the urban rail and ensures the sustainable development of the urban rail property.

Comparison of the effect of "building property"

It should be noted that the "superstructure" only reflects one aspect of the TOD project, not the whole picture. In the early years, the United States took the lead in proposing a new mode of urban development TOD: transit-oriented-development, that is, an urban development mode centered on public transportation hubs, and establishing a central square or city center with a radius of 400-800 meters. It is no exaggeration to say that the standard TOD is a "mini city center". You can stay in it for a long time, but you can always easily communicate with the outside world.

Therefore, the TOD concept project is by no means equivalent to a subway house. It is not a single residential/commercial area built on the urban rail, nor a simple combination of various formats, but a fusion of life scenes: office, business, residence and other public buildings and landscape environments are integrated into one project, and people can enjoy a suitable street network pattern, work and living space.

Image source: Shenzhen Railway Real Estate

How is the excellent TOD practiced?

In the Shinjuku subway area of Tokyo, there are 17 rail lines gathering here, with 3.64 million people entering and leaving the gate/day, and there are 178 subway exits, the number of which is staggering. It has long been certified by Guinness World Records as the subway station with the largest number of users in the world.

In order to strengthen the link between the station and the surrounding commercial facilities, the developer upgraded the whole area into a more diversified "international exchange city". For example, in the aspect of transfer planning, the seamless connection of underground station, station business, above-ground station and above-ground business has been achieved; In terms of staying experience, more green nodes such as green terraces are added to "embellish" it.

It is not only the newly planned administrative and commercial center in Tokyo, but also a commercial district where department stores and commercial streets gather, and there are many famous enterprise headquarters, which makes the purchasing power of the huge floating population and the empowerment of the city have been qualitatively improved.

Looking back to China, the TOD project has a longer cycle than ordinary property development projects. According to the 3-4 year cycle, the number of follow-up plans, investment demand and business income of the sector may be fed back during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. In addition, many late-developing cities, such as Guiyang, Nanchang and Lanzhou, are still in the initial stage of rail transit construction, and the lines have not yet been networked. The primary and secondary linkage of land business and TOD project planning have not yet been carried out due to the scale of rail transit. However, in the long run, with more and more urban rail transit plans approved, the market prospect of TOD project development is very broad.

In recent years, many mainland cities have also taken the lead in emerging a number of high-quality TOD projects.

Shanghai’s largest transportation hub, Dahongqiao, is home to airports, high-speed rail, urban rail and expressway. The Vanke Sky City project, which is entrenched here, draws lessons from the Japanese TOD model. Around Xuying Road Station of Line 17, the core of planning is the concept of 15-minute life circle mentioned in Shanghai 2035.

At the moment when the subway construction is in full swing, the TOD exploration road of Shenzhen Railway Real Estate, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shenzhen Railway Group, also has many remarkable points.

Innovating "Track+Property" Mode and Practicing TOD Development Concept

In the eyes of the industry, TOD requires developers’ overall consideration ability and comprehensive coordination ability because it involves many stakeholders and the design scheme is complex. At present, there are few enterprises that have successfully implemented TDO mode in China, and Shenzhen Railway Real Estate, a subsidiary of Shenzhen Railway Group, is one of the few leading explorers.

The essence of the "track+property" development model of Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd. is the synchronous planning, synchronous design and synchronous construction of superstructure (Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd.) and subway line construction (Shenzhen Railway Construction Co., Ltd.), and provides financial support for the sustainable development of urban rail transit through the development of subway superstructure.

Image source: Shenzhen Railway Real Estate

Perhaps it is also due to the deep coupling with the parent company Shenzhen Metro Group in business collaboration. Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd., which covers two core businesses of property development and hub, has won the top three of the "Top Ten Comprehensive Strength of Shenzhen Real Estate Development Industry" for five consecutive years, and achieved sales of over 10 billion yuan for six consecutive years. As of September, 2021, Shenzhen Railway Property Co., Ltd. has obtained the comprehensive development right of 16 superstructure projects along the track, with a total development scale of 11.07 million ㎡, of which the built delivery area is about 3.9556 million ㎡, the construction area is about 5.44 million ㎡, and the construction area is about 1.666 million ㎡.

Source: Shenzhen Railway Real Estate.

The major TOD projects under Shenzhen Railway Real Estate Co., Ltd. have been completed one after another, which actually reflects the new changes in the development model of TOD in recent years.

First, from "single station independent development" to "district overall planning, station-city integration"

Take the Qianhai International Hub Project of Shenzhen Railway as an example. The planned hub and superstructure projects of this project have a total land area of 20 hectares and a total construction area of about 2.159 million ㎡. Upon completion, it is estimated that the total passenger flow will reach 750,000.

The planning of the project skillfully adopts the design concept of "integration of stations and cities". From the overall planning, Qianhai Hub connects Guangdong and Hong Kong with five lines, and the three-dimensional public transportation is seamlessly connected with the high-end urban complex, so as to build an intensive and three-dimensional 24-hour dynamic community based on Shenzhen Qianhai and radiating the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, shape the image of an international modern city window, and form the landmark and regional core of Qianhai District.

In terms of traffic design, on the premise of ensuring efficient transfer of internal pedestrian traffic, it is also connected with surrounding buildings or plots through underground, ground and second-floor pedestrian systems to realize fast and convenient pedestrian contact between the project and the surrounding areas.

Finally, the property and hub implement the concept of "integration" in the whole process of the project through integrated design management, planning, construction and operation.

In the future, in such a comprehensive community with mixed functions, the subway is carrying dreams to shuttle day and night. On the one hand, there are endless trains, on the other hand, there are bustling commercial and office areas, and on the other hand, it is a peaceful and quiet livable place.

Schematic diagram of station-city integration of "Shenzhen Railway Qianhai Transportation Hub"

Second, the transformation from "spatial planning" to "functional planning, spatial planning and integrated design"

The Jin Shang Garden of the subway, jointly presented by two state-owned enterprises, Shenzhen Railway Group and Zhenye Group, is seamlessly connected with Liuyue Station of Metro Line 3, and is a large-scale complex covering residential, apartment, commercial and sports parks.

The project innovatively combines the two values of "subway" and "park", and is adjacent to a large sports park in functional planning, including tennis courts, basketball courts, circular jogging tracks and other facilities; In space planning, brand businesses such as Boxma Xiansheng, China Film International Cinema, Starbucks and Decathlon are gathered to build a metropolis experience.

Third, the transformation from "space design around the site" to "characteristic scene creation" serving people’s life, travel and work needs.

The Shenzhen Railway Reading Mountain Garden Project can be said to have left a rich and colorful stroke for the construction of TOD characteristic scenes of Shenzhen Railway Real Estate. The project is positioned as an ecological zone of universities, a subway metropolis and an elite quality residential area. It is a high-grade elite quality community integrating housing, schools and supporting businesses. Because it is adjacent to well-known universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua and south university of science and technology of china, it has successfully created a characteristic scene of a humanistic university with mountains.

Fourth, change from "development and construction" to "comprehensive operation"

As the first masterpiece of urban high-end residential buildings created by Shenzhen Railway Property, Shenzhen Railway Yifu Project is a 750,000 ㎡ humanistic and ecological complex integrating high-end residential buildings, colorful businesses, sports parks and nine-year education facilities. From the beginning of the design, the project was based on the thinking of comprehensive operation, instead of relying too much on one subway station, it was built on four subway stations: Antuo Mountain, Shenkang, Qiaocheng North and Shenyun. The Antuo Mountain area is connected with Xiangmi Lake and OCT, and it is expected to become a new sample of urban mountain residence.

Schematic diagram of Shenzhen Tieyi Mansion

From "Qianhai International Hub Center" to "Shenzhen Railway House", it is a brand-new exploration and breakthrough again and again for the younger Shenzhen Railway home buyers in the young cities. Relying on the deep accumulation of Shenzhen Railway Group for more than 12 years, Shenzhen Railway Real Estate will continue to deepen the TOD model and build a more anticipated "track+property" map.

Of course, beyond the transformation, we need more persistence. Many TOD classic concepts, such as people-centered, efficient land opening and efficient accessibility, have always run through the long journey of Shenzhen Railway to help residents on the urban rail reach infinite possibilities.

　　What impact will the "301" list put forward by the United States twice have? It is worth further analysis from the data. The full text is about 6600 words.

　　Michael Kinsley, a columnist in Washington Post, once imagined the following scenario when introducing the game theory of Thomas Schelling, a great game theory scholar and Nobel laureate in economics:

　　"You are standing on the edge of a cliff, with chains around your ankles, and your opponent is locked at the other end of the chain. As long as your opponent gives up, you will be released and win a big prize. Here’s the thing: your only means is to threaten to push him off the cliff — — But that means you’ll be shattered, too. So, how can you persuade your opponent to give in? "

　　Schelling’s answer is: "You start dancing and get closer and closer to the edge of the cliff. In this way, you don’t need to convince your opponent that you are crazy — — Take him and yourself out of the abyss. All you need to do is convince your opponent that you are more willing to take the risk of falling off the cliff out of control than he is. If you can do this, you will win. "

　　Schelling’s thoughts have influenced a generation’s understanding of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Fortunately, or unfortunately, after the end of the Cold War and the development of globalization for nearly 30 years, we may have to turn back to the old paper pile to find the wisdom of our predecessors.

　　The reality is that after at least two rounds of negotiations and a "consensus" were reached between China and the United States, President Trump once again opened the trigger insurance for the Sino-US trade war. On May 29th, Trump announced that he would continue to seek to impose punitive tariffs on China’s imports. On June 15th, another boot that the market has been waiting for fell, and the Office of the US Trade Representative published a list of goods worth about $50 billion for China. Compared with the preliminary list published on April 6, the new list has undergone two changes: First, 818 of the 1,333 8-digit HS-coded commodities listed in the preliminary list have been retained. As the first batch of commodities in the final list, they have already faced 25% additional tariffs from the US Customs on July 6, and this batch of commodities is worth about $34 billion. Second, a second batch of goods has been added to the final list, including 284 goods worth about $16 billion, which will be taxed after the hearing procedure.

　　The President of the United States, who is well versed in "the art of trading", did not give the market a breathing space. On July 10th, the President announced that he planned to impose a 10% tariff on a new batch of China goods worth $200 billion, and held a hearing in late August. Another boot hangs high, waiting to land … …

　　Almost at the same time, the Trump administration also announced a tax on steel and aluminum products exported to the United States by the European Union, Canada and Mexico. Trump’s capricious and all-round "fighting style" has left his opponents (and perhaps some of his ministers) at a loss. This repeated change (let’s call it "Trump uncertainty") may reflect his firm belief in fulfilling his promise to voters, or perhaps the game between the two forces of hawks and doves in his cabinet. We don’t know. But one thing is certain: the Trump administration’s eyes have always been fixed on containing the future potential of China’s economic development. "Made in China 2025", which was issued by the State Council in 2015 and the China version of "Industry 4.0" plan, finally became a household name with the Sino-US trade dispute in 2018.

　　Then, what kind of impact will the "301" list put forward by the United States twice have? It is worth further analysis from the data.

　　Analysis of tax list

　　First of all, considering the "232" list of steel and aluminum products in March, the "301" list of $50 billion imported goods in June, and the "301" list of $200 billion added in July, at present, the scope of US taxation on goods from China is close to 50% of all its imports. We use the import data published by the US Bureau of Statistics in 2017, so the actual amount involved is slightly different from the target amount announced by the US government. Interestingly, the list in July involved goods worth nearly $200 billion, covering 6,031 goods with HS8-digit codes, while the remaining goods that have not yet entered any list, worth nearly $260 billion, accounting for more than half of the US imports from China, only contained 3,313 goods with HS8-digit codes. In other words, there are real "big guys" who are not involved in the "trade war". Judging from the share of these goods in the total imports of similar goods in the United States (column [6] of Table 1), it can also be clearly seen that with the spread of the "trade war", China goods listed in the tax list in July accounted for 23.2% of the total imports of similar goods in the United States, far exceeding the two lists in June (7.7% and 14.7% respectively), while these goods that have not been listed account for 38% of the imports of similar goods in the United States. It can be said,Strategists who want to know what is the "pain point" of the United States and what is the real competitiveness of China manufacturing may wish to study these products that are not on the list.

　　Note: Data are from the United States Bureau of Statistics; 6— There are 51 items, 11 items and 1,030 products in the three lists in July, and the value of US imports from China in 2017 is zero. One product, aluminum products, is listed on the "232" list of steel and aluminum and the "301" list in July.

　　From the bar chart in Figure 1, we can see the distribution of different listed goods in different industries more intuitively. According to the definition of customs, we divide all commodities into 22 categories, from animal and plant products to works of art and unclassified products. According to the value of the "301" list in June, figure 1 is obtained from the highest to the bottom. Obviously, on the list in June, mechanical and electrical products, optical, medical devices, transportation equipment and other industrial intermediates and parts are the most concerned objects. By July, on the list of 200 billion yuan, electromechanical still topped the list. The proportion of miscellaneous products, especially some direct consumer goods (such as games, furniture, chairs, lamps and lighting devices, etc.) has increased significantly. More importantly, the product areas covered by the July list have also increased significantly. Among the 22 industry categories, the June list only involves 8 industries, while the July list has not been spared except for weapons and ammunition and unclassified goods. At present, products that have not been listed on the tax list are mainly concentrated in industries such as electromechanical, textile, miscellaneous products, shoes and hats.

　　Note: The above 8-digit commodities of HS do not include 330 commodities (except 76169951) worth $2.8 billion in the list of steel and aluminum 232. The list taxes steel products by 25% and aluminum products by 10%.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　So to what extent will the taxation of these goods affect the domestic economy of the United States? A simple judgment method is: If there are many competitors for a commodity and the market share of China exporters is low, then the tax on the product may have little impact, because the buyer can easily find a substitute. Therefore, in Figure 2 to Figure 4, we classify the products listed in June, July and not listed in the list according to the industry categories defined by China Customs, and calculate the proportion of the value of US imports from China in the total imports of the same category, so as to reflect the dependence of the United States on China’s exports. It can be seen that among the eight categories of goods affected by the list in June, base metal products account for the highest import share, but only 28.2%. Followed by ceramic glass products and electromechanical products (17.2% and 16% respectively). By contrast, for the July list, China is the main source of imports for the United States in a considerable variety of products. Shoes and hats exported from China account for 73.8% of the total import value of such products in the United States, and the import shares of miscellaneous products and fur products are as high as 65.6% and 60.4%.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　In this $260 billion commodity that is not listed in any list, China accounts for an even larger proportion. For example, vegetation products account for 75%, the remaining mechanical and electrical equipment accounts for 73%, and shoes and hats account for 72%. There are eight major categories of products, and the import proportion of China in the United States exceeds 50%.

　　Data source: The author collates the data from the United States Bureau of Statistics.

　　The use of goods exported from China to the United States is also very important. According to the BEC classification standard of the United Nations Statistics Department, we classify commodities into four categories according to their final use: consumer goods, capital goods, intermediate products and other four categories. Using the value data of goods imported by the United States from China in 2017, Figure 5 compares the total import value of goods listed in June, listed in July and not listed in each category. In June, the products targeted by the two lists were mainly capital goods and intermediate goods (accounting for 94.4% and 97.6% respectively). The import value of capital goods in List 1 was comparable to that of intermediate goods, both of which were more than 15 billion US dollars, while the value of intermediate goods in List 2 was twice that of capital goods, accounting for 65.2% of the total import value of List 2. The July list covers all categories, among which the value of intermediate products is as high as 94.7 billion US dollars, accounting for the highest proportion (48.1%); Capital goods ranked second, with a total import value of US$ 57.5 billion, accounting for 29.2% of the total import value in the list. What is important is that the share of consumer goods in each list has increased significantly. In June, the consumer goods involved in the two lists were worth $163 million and $339 million respectively, accounting for only 0.5% and 2.4% of the total value of their respective lists; In July, consumer goods accounted for 22.7% of the list. In 2017, the import value totaled 44.8 billion US dollars, which was more than 89 times the sum of the value of consumer goods in the two lists in June. The goods not nominated in the list mainly belong to capital goods and consumer goods, worth $120.7 billion and $98.3 billion respectively.It accounts for 46.6% and 37.9% of the import value of goods not on the list. Another $34 billion of intermediate products have not been affected by the tax list. It can be said that with the intensification of the "trade war", American consumers will inevitably be directly affected by rising prices. The manufacturing enterprises in the United States will inevitably face the pressure of rising parts costs, leading to a decline in competitiveness, which may further reduce American exports.

　　Further, in Table 2, we list the top 10 products (HS4-digit codes) imported by the United States from China in 2017, and count the amount of these 10 products affected by each list and the number of HS8-digit products respectively. Obviously, these 10 products that the United States needs most from China are not the key targets of the US tax list. These products were basically spared in the two lists in June, while the value of products taxed by the list in July for the first-ranked wireless communication equipment (such as mobile phones) was $23.6 billion, accounting for 32.9% of the total imports of such products. Automatic data processing equipment (computers) and spare parts products ranked second and third are the few products in the top 10 categories that are taxed by the June list, but they only account for 2.9% and 1.4% of the imports of their respective HS4 products. However, the list in July increased the tax value of these two kinds of products, and the import proportion of taxed products rose to 15.6% and 98.6%. Interestingly, all computer parts and components were included in the tax list, but did it lead exporters to further transfer processing and assembly to China and export finished computers? In addition, imported furniture ranked sixth and auto parts, lighting devices and suitcases and handbags ranked eighth to tenth were all wiped out in the July list.

　　Furthermore, from the point of view of HS8-digit products, Table 3 summarizes the distribution of market share of listed products in the United States. According to the import data of the United States in 2017, we calculated the share of HS8 products imported by the United States from China to similar products imported by the United States from the world. It is not difficult to find that the market share of China commodities targeted by the steel and aluminum 232 list and the two lists in June is mainly concentrated in 0-mdash; 25% and 25%— In the 50% range. In July, however, the list gradually shifted its target to commodities with larger market share, and the scope and intensity of the spread were significantly increased. The market share is at 50%— 75% and 75%— For goods within the range of 100%, the cumulative import amount taxed by the July list is 40.8% and 24.5% of the total amount of the July list respectively. Among the commodities that have not been affected by the list, the market share of commodities worth $163.3 billion exceeds 75%, accounting for 63% of the total value without tariffs.

　　Taxation and "Optimal Tariff": A Theoretical Explanation

　　From these analyses, we can know that if the scope of taxation in the United States is extended to its July list, or even further extended to products that are not listed, it will inevitably hit those products that China imports in the United States, including a large number of consumer goods and a wide range of industrial intermediates. This will not only hit China’s export enterprises, but also hurt the welfare of American consumers. In this sense, tariffs are essentially "taxes levied on domestic consumers" (Dartmouth College economist Douglas Irwin).

　　What is worrying is that "Trump uncertainty" will bring great troubles to the efficient global value chain, and force entrepreneurs to consider political factors while considering the global production layout. Even if we don’t consider the effects that will take some time to show, in the short term, tariffs will immediately increase the cost of exporters. These extra costs will force exporters in China to lower the export price and partially "share" the price increase faced by consumers (in the case of prevailing intermediate trade, consumers here are often producers in downstream industries). The part that cannot be fully shared will be "transmitted" to consumers, forming the after-tax import price.

　　Obviously, the stronger the downstream buyers (consumers), the more they can force the upstream sellers (exporters) to make concessions and lower some export prices. Consumers like you and me can’t change the market price by buying more or less. In economic terms, we are faced with infinite supply "elasticity", or the supply curve is horizontal. But big buyers are different. For example, a big supermarket like Wal-Mart can completely influence the price through the purchase volume. At this time, the supply curve is inclined upward. It is also true to further expand the analysis to the national perspective. Small countries can’t influence the world price, but they are the recipients of the price, while big countries are faced with an upward supply curve and can influence the world price. Obviously, the United States is a real big country and the largest market in the world. Therefore, it can press exporters to lower prices by imposing import tariffs. In the theory of international trade, the ratio of export price to import price is called "terms of trade", which can be improved by imposing tariffs to force the import price to decrease.

　　Therefore, for a big country, increasing tariffs will certainly lead to the loss of consumer welfare — — Because the after-tax price faced by consumers is still rising, from the welfare point of view, the improvement of terms of trade means that there is such a positive "optimal" tariff, which maximizes the net income of big countries. This may be one reason why Trump dares to wave the "tariff" stick. Specific to each product, its "optimal" tariff rate depends on the supply elasticity of the commodity (exporter). For goods with less elasticity of supply, the response to tariffs is more intense, the proportion of export price decline is more, and the optimal tariff is bigger. Therefore, international economists have abstracted a very simple formula to determine the optimal tariffs of different commodities in the case of big countries, namely: tariff rate = 1/export supply elasticity.

　　Further analysis of tariffs

　　Based on this, we summarize the original tariff level of each listed commodity in Table 4. Generally speaking, American import tariffs remain at a fairly low level. The tariff of most imported goods is less than 5%, while the tariff of quite a few goods is zero. For example, in June, 375 of the commodities involved in List 1 had no import duties, accounting for 60.9% of the list value. This proportion is 48.6% in June list 2 and 54.2% in July list. In the two lists in June, only five goods with the original tariff of HS8 were higher than 10%, and the sum of import values was less than $05 million, while in the list in July, there were 329 goods with the original tariff higher than 10% and the total import value was $3.228 billion.

　　Data source: According to the data compiled by the US Bureau of Statistics, some commodity tariff data are missing.

　　Figure 6 compares the import tariffs of the United States with those of China. We weighted the import tariffs of China and the United States according to the import value according to 22 categories of industries, and got Figure 2. Each point in the graph represents the import tariffs of the United States (horizontal axis) and China (vertical axis). Most of the points are above the 45-degree line, which shows that the tariff structure between China and the United States does have the situation that the US tariff is lower and the Chinese tariff is higher. This goes without saying, but considering the current tariff structure of the United States, it began in 1934 that President Roosevelt took the initiative to lower tariffs and sought other countries to lower trade barriers in order to promote American exports. As the country that has benefited the most from international trade, the United States led the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT, the predecessor of WTO), which advocated free trade. China, on the other hand, only started the negotiations on joining the WTO in the mid-1990s, and reduced the import tariff from an average of 43% in 1992 to around 9.8% in 2007. In addition, in Figure 6, we have not considered the import of processing trade that is common in China, which accounts for about 13% of China’s imports from the United States, and it is exempted from customs duties or refunded in the import process.

　　Figure 6 Comparison of Weighted Import Tariff (MFN) between China and the United States

　　Source: WITS (2016), compiled by Qin Ruobing.

　　According to the optimal tariff theory, we re-estimate the optimal tariff of American goods imported from China by using the elastic estimation data provided by Anson Soderbery, an economist at Purdue University. HS8-bit commodities with missing elasticity data are replaced by the average elasticity of the commodities at HS6, HS4 and HS2. Table 5 summarizes the relationship and proportion of the actual original tariff, new tariff and optimal tariff of each imported commodity. Obviously, after the tariffs were added to the three lists, the new tariffs of most commodities exceeded the optimal tariffs. In June, 71% and 48% of goods were listed in the list 1 and July, respectively, and their original tariffs were lower than the highest tariffs. After adding 25% and 10% tariffs respectively, the proportion dropped to 43% and 26%. Among the commodities targeted in Listing 2 in June, 57% of the commodities have their original import tariffs exceeding the optimal tariffs. After the tariff of 25% is added, the proportion of goods exceeding the optimal tariff will be as high as 75%.

　　Data source: The author estimates according to the elastic data provided by Soderbery (2018JIE). Some commodity tariff data are missing.

　　Game dilemma of optimal tariff

　　Since there is such an "optimal" tariff for a big country, the improvement of terms of trade brought by tariff collection offsets or even exceeds the loss of consumer welfare, why do economists actively advocate tariff reduction? This is because in this world, not only a big country, even a small country, often has the ability to influence world prices in certain industries or commodities, not to mention domestic political considerations and national sentiments, and it will not allow a country to impose tariffs on the other side without taking any countermeasures. Imagine, if there are only two countries in the world, and they all give each other a tariff attack on a specific industry according to the theory of optimal tariff, both sides have improved their terms of trade in the industry that raised import tariffs, and suffered losses in the export industry. In most cases, the result is that both sides are in a dilemma: both sides get benefits by increasing tariffs to attack their opponents, but if both sides take measures to reduce tariffs, both sides can benefit; However, the difficulty is that neither side can or will unilaterally declare a truce — — Because it means greater losses. In this way, the two countries have fallen into the common "prisoner’s dilemma" in game theory. In this game, each side acts according to the optimal strategy under given conditions, but the final outcome is "lose-lose".

　　If every country in the world acts unilaterally according to the optimal tariff strategy, or retaliates against the tax payers, then we will go back to the Great Depression in the 1930s, due to the introduction of Smoot — The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act pushed the average import tariff of the United States from 40% to nearly 60%. In just two years, the import and export of the United States fell by 40% at the same time. The world trading system has suffered a major blow.

　　Is there a solution to jump out of the "prisoner’s dilemma" of building trade barriers? History has long given us the answer. In the process of European reconstruction after World War II, Americans led the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1948, and through an external agreement, they forced the signatory countries to reduce or exempt tariffs from each other, thus jumping out of the "prisoner’s dilemma". GATT, as well as the World Trade Organization (WTO), which replaces GATT, stipulates that when a country reduces or exempts tariffs on one GATT member, it must also undertake the same duty of reducing or exempting tariffs on all other GATT members. This is the most important principle of "Most Favoured Nation" in GATT. This principle also protects many small countries that do not have the negotiating ability to share the welfare improvement brought about by trade liberalization to the greatest extent.

　　Ironically, today, with the development of globalization far exceeding the 1950s, the main founders and promoters of the international multilateral economic and trade system are working to challenge or even destroy this system, instead of improving and perfecting it. Carla Hills, an American trade representative in the 1990s, once said, "Without WTO, the world would have only the law of the jungle". I hope that the leaders of China and the United States, and even the world, will have enough courage and wisdom to lead us away from that scene.

　　The picture shows a busy scene at the container terminal in Lianyungang Port, Jiangsu Province. According to customs statistics, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade in the first half of the year was 14.12 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.9%.

　　Photo by Geng Yuhe (people’s picture)

　　The United States unilaterally provoked a trade war with China, which affected the nerves of overseas Chinese. What pains and opportunities does Sino-US trade friction bring to China’s economy? How have the economies of various countries been affected by the Sino-US trade situation? How does Sino-US trade friction affect the world economic structure? This newspaper interviewed overseas Chinese from many countries and asked them to talk about their personal experiences and feelings.

　　There is no winner in trade friction

　　In San Francisco, USA, Cai Wenyao, consultant of the American Chinese Chamber of Commerce, found that it was cheaper to buy corn. "The price of corn has dropped from 0.5 US dollars to 1 US dollar and 4 US dollars. This price fluctuation may be related to the limited export of corn in the United States and the dumping of corn in the domestic market." Cai Wenyao said.

　　"The countermeasures taken by China now have a great impact on the middle and lower classes in the United States. On the one hand, products imported from China increase tariffs, and manufacturers pass the costs on to consumers, which indirectly increases the living costs of ordinary people; On the other hand, the countermeasures of agricultural products have directly affected the sales of agricultural products, the prices of agricultural products have also dropped significantly, and farmers’ income has decreased. " Cai Wenyao said.

　　Not long ago, a report in a local newspaper in the central part of the United States caught the attention of Zhang Jun, an American political and legal scholar. It was reported that China’s imposition of punitive tariffs caused panic and concern among the American people.

　　"China levies tariffs, and enterprises in the agricultural and manufacturing industrial chain in the United States bear the brunt. Sino-US trade friction not only directly affects the interests of related industries in the United States, but also exerts great psychological pressure on employees in other related industries. " Zhang Jun said.

　　Zhang Jun believes that in recent years, with the rapid economic growth of China, the economic complementarity between China and the United States is gradually decreasing and the competitiveness is increasing. One of the reasons for the trade friction between China and the United States is that the United States regards China as a potential rival in economic and trade relations.

　　For China, the high tariff policy of the United States will have a great impact on China’s international trade in the short term, but it will also provide a warning for China’s long-term economic and trade development model. "To some extent, we should ‘ Thank you ’ This trade friction has forced China enterprises to improve their core technological capabilities, which has stimulated and promoted China’s economic transformation and supply-side reform. " Jiang Feng, editor-in-chief of the New Overseas Chinese News of Japan, said.

　　"If the warming of trade friction causes instability in Sino-US relations, it will have a negative impact on the world economy and the international situation." Nan Gengxu, chairman of Global Wide Area Media Group, said.

　　Countries join hands to tide over the difficulties.

　　"With the development of world economic globalization and trade liberalization, the global industrial chain division of labor system and value chain have been built, and the interests of all countries in the world are deeply blended, and they are all prosperous and lose." Jiang Feng said.

　　Since Trump took office, the United States has set off trade protectionism and unilateralism around the world, and almost all the world’s major economies, such as China, the European Union and Canada, have been affected by American bullying. Overseas Chinese in various countries have a personal experience of this.

　　On the one hand, Sino-US trade frictions seek other markets for goods blocked by Sino-US trade, on the other hand, they attract goods from other countries to make up for the trade gap between China and the United States. In the trade conflict provoked by the United States, all countries in the world meet challenges and opportunities and tide over difficulties together.

　　"Sino-US trade friction has objectively narrowed the trade relationship between China and Europe." Shi Zhongsheng, president of the French-Fujian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, believes that the European economy has also been greatly affected by the US trade protection measures, and European enterprises can make up for the gap in China’s demand for American products to a certain extent. Sino-US trade friction provides opportunities for China to seek cooperation with Europe.

　　On July 9th, China and Germany signed more than 20 agreements with a total amount of 30 billion US dollars in Berlin, involving cooperation in the fields of vocational education, climate research, autonomous driving and medical and health care, including more than 10 agreements signed by BMW Great Wall, BMW Brilliance and Daimler Tsinghua.

　　Zheng Rongchang, vice chairman of the British Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, believes that China’s cooperation with Britain and countries in continental Europe will provide China with a broader perspective and ideas to deal with Sino-US trade frictions. The enlightenment of Sino-US trade friction to China is not only in the economic and trade field, but also in scientific and technological innovation, cultural exchanges, cultural values, personnel training and other aspects. Britain and European countries, which have a long history and humanistic connotation and advanced technology research and development capabilities, have more common language and complementary advantages with China, and are expected to achieve closer and deeper all-round cooperation.

　　"The impact of Sino-US trade friction on Japan can be said to be ‘ One is happy, the other is sad ’ 。” Jiang Feng said that China’s counter-measures against the United States have restricted American products from entering China, which has affected the operating conditions of Japanese investment enterprises in the United States, but also provided opportunities for Japanese products to enter China and promoted Japan’s expansion of exports to China.

　　On July 17th, the Japanese government and the European Union signed the "Europe-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement" and issued a statement saying that Japan and Europe will promote high-standard, free, open and fair free economic relations, safeguard the multilateral trading system centered on the World Trade Organization and fight protectionism. Jiang Feng believes that the Japanese government’s move has shown Japan’s position in Sino-US trade friction.

　　For Oceania countries that rely heavily on import and export trade, Sino-US trade friction has brought more uncertainties to the international trade of Oceania countries.

　　"As a country that is particularly dependent on exports and the World Trade Organization system, New Zealand is eager for a stable international trade environment and clear and enforceable trade rules." Sun Bangbang said.

　　For the vast number of developing countries, Sino-US trade friction has not affected the tide of cooperation and development among developing countries. "China has a very large consumer market, China has reduced the import of American goods, and many companies in Thailand and Southeast Asia have seen opportunities." Jason, consultant of Philippine Red Candle Chinese Education Foundation, said that the multilateral win-win cooperation model of China’s Belt and Road Initiative has gradually become an international consensus.

　　Hoping that China and the United States will seek a win-win situation

　　"The policies of the United States and the style of behavior of leaders are becoming more and more unpredictable. Intermittent trade frictions between the two big countries may be an inevitable trend in the future." Nan Gengxu said.

　　At present, Sino-US trade friction is at a stalemate stage, and the future development trend is characterized by complexity and long-term. China is ready to deal with Sino-US trade friction for a long time, and seek a way out from the world markets while rationally dealing with trade friction with the United States.

　　Sun Yibang believes that the Sino-US trade friction reminds all countries in the world that they should conform to the trend of globalization and standardize the operation of economic globalization instead of abandoning the process of resisting globalization.

　　"At present, the development trend of the world economy is ‘ Castle peak cannot be covered, after all, it flows eastward ’ 。” Jason said, "Economic globalization is irreversible, and it is unwise for any country to set up trade barriers." In the future, Sino-US trade friction still needs rational consultation and negotiation between the two sides to seek a win-win situation on the basis of trade liberalization.

　　Zhang Jun believes that the future development trend of Sino-US trade friction remains to be seen, but the trade war is not the result that all countries in the world want to see. "All countries in the world have this kind of appeal, hoping that China and the United States can reach a new trade order through bilateral or multilateral negotiations. Most people hope that this high tariff policy is only a means, not the final result. "

　　At the same time, close cooperation with developing countries will provide a new way for China to deal with trade frictions for a long time. "In the future, as a developing country, Africa will definitely not miss the progress and opportunities brought by China’s opening up, and China will continue to provide more opportunities for promoting the prosperity and growth of international trade." Nan Gengxu said, "Ten years ago, African entrepreneurs first thought of the United States when they went abroad to invest, but now their first thought is probably China."

　　This report is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Openness of Government Information and the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Openness of Government Information, and on the basis of the 2016 annual report on the work of government information disclosure of committees, offices, bureaus and sub-district offices in Xicheng District.

　　The full text includes the key work of government information and government affairs disclosure in Xicheng District in 2016, the information disclosure in key areas, the existing shortcomings and improvement measures, and the relevant data of government information disclosure such as voluntary disclosure, disclosure upon application, administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation and reporting.

　　The statistical period of the data listed in this report is from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. The electronic version of this report can be downloaded from the column of government information disclosure on the website of Xicheng District Government (http://www.bjxch.gov.cn). If you have any questions about the report, please contact the Xicheng District Government Information Disclosure Office (Address: No.27 Erlong Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032; Tel: 010-88064284).

　　First, the key work situation

　　(A) to strengthen the top-level design, to promote a good start in government affairs.

　　First, a leading group for the openness of government affairs, headed by the district head, was established, and the office of the leading group was renamed Xicheng District Government Information and Openness of Government Affairs Office, to coordinate and guide the openness of government affairs in the whole region. Second, in accordance with the working idea of "fast start, steady progress and step by step", the work in 2016 will be started first, and the implementation opinions guiding the five-year work will be compiled by the end of the year in combination with the phased results. Completed the annual goal of "establishing and improving institutions with reasonable setup, strong overall coordination and smooth work operation". Third, after two rounds of feedback, three rounds of soliciting opinions and expert argumentation, the work plan and content points of Xicheng District’s government affairs disclosure in 2016 were formed, which consists of four parts: "mandatory disclosure, characteristic disclosure, exploration disclosure and daily work", and nine working mechanisms were issued, including major decision-making pre-disclosure, policy interpretation workflow and application disclosure procedures.

　　Approve and make public the two-level list. In accordance with the work requirements of Beijing’s three-level list of government affairs disclosure, in order to solve the problems of wide range of government affairs disclosure, large amount of information, inconsistent standards, difficult quantification of assessment and openness, the district-level and street-level List of Government Affairs Disclosure in Key Areas of Xicheng District was formulated and published. The district-level list contains 305 items in 41 categories, and the street-level list contains 47 items in 11 categories. At the same time, the list of 41 public service items that can be handled immediately by streets was expanded and established.

　　Improve the level of openness and informatization of government affairs, enhance the dissemination and influence of government affairs information, optimize government affairs management services, and carry out innovative application of QR codes from different angles, such as focusing on the overall situation, serving enterprises and benefiting citizens. Two-dimensional codes are widely used to provide convenience services. For example, the convenience service manual of the district comprehensive administrative service center "Work Raiders" has realized the convenience service of electronic two-dimensional codes.

　　Optimize the construction of government hotline platform. Integrate government hotline service resources to build a 12341 service line, providing 7*24-hour all-weather service. Realize the closed loop of the government hotline service, which is accepted on the 1st, classified and disposed, completed within a limited time, unified transferred, strictly supervised and responded in time. Establish a follow-up visit and notification system, promote the answering rate, completion rate and satisfaction rate with performance appraisal, and gradually form a service model of "unified number, unified consultation, unified transfer and unified supervision", which has unblocked the channels of political and civil interaction.

　　Create a normalized offline platform for political and civilian interaction. Set up an interactive live broadcast room between the government and the people, and hold regular press conferences around the hot issues of people’s livelihood, such as the interpretation of the 13 th Five-Year Plan, the renovation of the shantytown in Baizhifang, and the quasi-property management in the bungalow area; Held more than 20 policy interpretation and publicity activities; Holding government open days, inviting residents’ representatives to visit the government office environment, experience the full response command platform, and participate in simulated government standing meetings, etc., so as to improve the initiative and enthusiasm of the masses to understand and participate in government management and services, which has become the new normal of government work.

　　(B) focus on all-media integration, interpretation and response to achieve new breakthroughs.

　　In 2016, during the "two sessions" of the district, publicity and reports were comprehensively carried out through various forms such as traditional media, television and the Internet. Central and municipal traditional media, such as CCTV, People’s Daily, Xinhua Daily Telegraph, Beijing Daily, Beijing Evening News, Beijing Youth Daily, Beijing Morning Post, Jinghua Times, and Beijing TV Station, published 75 articles, published more than 60 articles on the Internet (excluding reprints) and reported on TV for more than 10 times. There are 2 headlines on the front page, 26 headlines on the news page and nearly 10 home pages on the website. More than 180 articles on Weibo were published, which were forwarded nearly 980 times, and more than 800 articles were commented, covering more than 970,000 people.

　　People’s livelihood issues should be interpreted and interpreted. Establish a pre-disclosure and policy interpretation mechanism for major administrative decisions in Xicheng District, which is coordinated by the Propaganda Department of the District Party Committee (District Information Office), the District Government Office and the District Legislative Affairs Office, with the technical support of the District Science and Information Committee and the specific responsibility of all departments and units in the region. Where the people’s livelihood issues with high social concern need to be submitted to the government standing Committee for deliberation, it is required to submit the interpretation documents simultaneously when submitting the materials at the meeting. Formulate a catalogue of pre-disclosure and publicity of key tasks of the district government.

　　The main leaders took the lead in "sounding". In 2016, the head of Xicheng District and seven deputy heads of districts held 10 press conferences on their respective responsibilities, especially around the economic and social development of Xicheng District during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period. Explain in detail the issues that the masses are generally concerned about and show the beautiful life of Xicheng development to all sectors of society. There are 76 national and municipal print media news reports, 45 online media news reports and 25 Xicheng Daily news reports.

　　The new media platform of "two micro-ends" forms a communication matrix. Xicheng District actively explores the new mode of "internet plus’s open government affairs", using Weibo, WeChat and clients to publish government affairs information, taking Beijing Xicheng official WeChat as the center, gathering Xicheng talents, Xicheng statistics, Xicheng street affairs and other units and streets WeChat WeChat official account to form a WeChat matrix, centrally publishing official information such as government affairs information, government affairs trends and policy documents, and exploring an online interactive communication platform. At the same time, Financial Street Street, Exhibition Road Street and other units took the lead in exploring "mobile phone client+open government affairs" to provide accurate services such as online booking for the masses.

　　Respond to social concerns in time. The Propaganda Department of the District Party Committee takes the lead in improving the mechanism of collecting, judging, responding and publishing government public opinions, keeping abreast of the concerns of all parties, and continuously publishing the facts, developments and disposal results of important government public opinions, media concerns, social concerns and other hot spots and emergencies, so as to ensure timely and effective responses when dealing with major emergencies and social hot events. Since the beginning of this year, Xicheng District has held three news briefings and released eight key information about the "immigrant dad" Wenchang Hutong high-priced school district incident and Baiyun Road primary school playground problem.

　　(3) Strengthen the construction of mechanism guarantee and lay a solid foundation for public work.

　　Strengthen performance management and assessment supervision. Openness of government affairs is included in the performance appraisal system of district departments. Establish a system to promote administration according to law by making applications public, standardize the workflow of making applications public, strengthen the thinking of the rule of law, prevent and control legal risks, and promote the administration of departments according to law. Guide the commissions, bureaus and streets to improve the level of disclosure according to the application and standardization according to law. Establish and improve the third-party evaluation system for open government affairs. Third-party assessment of government departments and streets. Evaluate the openness of key areas, policy interpretation and response to concerns, and safeguard and supervision mechanisms.

　　Strengthen the supervision of government websites. Give full play to the role of the third-party inspection and evaluation mechanism, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the content construction of all commissions and bureaus and street websites in the region, dig deep into problems, and put forward rectification suggestions, effectively preventing the recurrence of problems such as "untimely, inaccurate, unresponsive and impractical" websites of all units in the region.

　　Do a good job in Xicheng District Government Gazette. Efforts will be made to improve the quality and timeliness of the publication of normative documents and give full play to the guidance and service role of standard texts. Regularly transfer the government gazette to the District People’s Congress, the District People’s Political Consultative Conference, various government departments, streets, communities and various government information public access centers to meet the access needs of grassroots people.

　　Carry out grassroots research and start the pilot work of government affairs disclosure in Xicheng. Guided by the goal of "publicity is the norm, and non-publicity is the exception", this paper explores the compilation of the list of public government affairs in Xicheng District, and makes basic preparations for the gradual realization of information management.

　　Do a good job in education and training. Extensive education and training on government information and government affairs publicity will be carried out in various forms such as mobilization and deployment in the whole region, peer-to-peer training and publicity, and special training and publicity. Among them, the district government has held three sessions of public training conferences on government information and government affairs, and participated in more than 1000 trainings; Provide training activities to 32 district departments and streets, and achieve full coverage of business training for leaders and staff in charge of government information and government affairs disclosure in the whole region.

　　II. Information disclosure in key areas

　　Xicheng District has opened a column of "Information Disclosure in Key Areas" on the government portal website, and according to the unified requirements of the city, the information disclosure in all key areas in the whole region is accurate, which has significantly improved the quantity and quality of information disclosure in key areas.

　　(1) Promoting openness around deepening reform

　　Publicize the "list of powers and responsibilities in Xicheng District" as required, and establish a dynamic management mechanism to realize the dynamic management of the list of powers and responsibilities. Promote the openness of the implementation of the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" policy, and further promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform around streamlining matters, investment reform, standardized management, stimulating vitality, market order, and government services. Actively promote the work of "double random and one open", innovatively establish and improve the working mechanism of "joint meeting of market order supervision", build the relevant data platform, take the lead in launching the first "double random" joint spot check, and determine high-risk industries such as finance, prepayment and food sales as the inspection targets based on the platform spot check system module and risk warning results, and realize the joint double random spot check at the district level for the first time, and effectively explore the process and mode of joint double random spot check.

　　Promote the information disclosure of safety production supervision and law enforcement. Do a good job in the information release of administrative license for production safety, law enforcement inspection and administrative punishment, timely release the emergency handling of sudden accidents, regularly disclose the emergency plan for accidents of dangerous chemicals and the emergency plan for production safety, and determine six key disclosure contents, namely accident investigation, accident express, emergency plan, administrative punishment, administrative license and law enforcement inspection.

　　Promote the disclosure of product quality supervision and law enforcement information. Regularly disclose the information on the investigation results of administrative punishment, and publicize the information such as the name of the completed case, the number of the punishment decision, the name of the illegal enterprise, the unified social credit code/organization code, the punishment organ, and the date of punishment to the public.

　　Promote the disclosure of information on the supervision of the tourism market, timely update the directory of star-rated hotels, grade tourist attractions and branch of a travel agency and service outlets in the jurisdiction, timely publicize the evaluation and review results of one to three-star hotels and tourist attractions below 3A level, and regularly disclose the administrative punishment.

　　Promote the disclosure of enterprise credit information, cooperate with the Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce to implement the Second-stage Action Plan for Strengthening the Construction of Enterprise Credit System in Beijing (2016-2018), cooperate with the functional construction of Credit Beijing website, provide the publicity content of enterprise credit information for Credit Beijing website in the form of links, regularly submit the information data of credit Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and joint reward and punishment cases according to the requirements of the Municipal Bureau, promote the unified publicity system of social credit codes, and build publicity columns to disclose the legal persons and other organizations that have obtained social credit codes to the public.

　　Do a good job in investigating and dealing with the information disclosure of administrative penalties for manufacturing and selling counterfeit and shoddy goods and infringing intellectual property rights. The name of the closed case, the name of the punished person or unit, the main illegal facts, the basis of punishment, the types and results are publicized to the public through the Beijing Enterprise Credit Information Network. In 2016, 164 trademark infringement cases were investigated; Investigated and dealt with 34 illegal cases of manufacturing and selling substandard goods, passing fake goods off as genuine ones and passing shoddy goods off as good ones. Many media, such as Beijing TV Station, tracked and reported the law enforcement actions to investigate and deal with intellectual property infringement, and increased the publicity of regional trademark strategy, which had a good news effect.

　　Promote the openness of public enterprises and institutions. Improve the public service guide to facilitate enterprises and the masses. Cooperate with Beijing to promote price reform, focus on key tasks such as water price, hot price and medical service price reform, and do a good job in the implementation, publicity and interpretation of relevant policies.

　　(2) Promoting openness around promoting economic development

　　Promote the publicity of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. During the two sessions, the relevant information about the special action of resolving and rectifying and promoting promotion was reported, and the district departments actively promoted the reporting and disclosure of relevant information on economic cooperation and coordinated development in related fields.

　　Promote the publicity of innovation and development. Timely carry out public interpretation work such as mass entrepreneurship and innovation action plan and comprehensive innovation and reform pilot policies. Focus on promoting innovation and entrepreneurship service institutions, science and technology policy presentation, achievement transformation project promotion, technology and finance special collection and other aspects of information disclosure. Deepen the information disclosure of the policies and measures for the entry and exit of foreign talents, the entrepreneurship of scientific and technological personnel and the development of innovative incubators in Zhongguancun Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone.

　　Promote the disclosure of tax reduction and fee reduction information. In-depth publicity work was carried out to comprehensively promote the pilot reform of the camp, and several trainings on the policy of the camp reform were organized, with more than 30,000 participants. At the same time, the two-dimensional code and various tax publicity materials for tax-related matters related to the reform of the camp will be produced, and publicity reports will be made through subway lines and various media to fully ensure that the tax burden of the reform of the camp will only be reduced. Through the website, we will actively disclose all kinds of tax-related policies and handling procedures to the public, open a column on the pilot work of camp reform, a column on tax incentives for small and meager profit enterprises, and a column on income tax settlement and payment, and timely disclose the latest policies. Combining with "internet plus Taxation", we will innovatively establish a 3D version of the experience hall on the WeChat pocket, further broaden the channels of policy disclosure, and increase the publicity of government information on the Internet.

　　State-owned enterprise operation supervision information disclosure, timely disclosure of the appointment and removal of leaders of state-owned enterprises and the overall operation of state-owned capital, disclosure of state-owned assets and business performance assessment. Promote the disclosure of information on the restructuring and reorganization of state-owned enterprises, and timely release information on the reorganization of first-class enterprises.

　　(3) Promoting openness around the improvement of people’s livelihood

　　Promote the disclosure of environmental protection information. Revise the Emergency Plan for Heavy Air Pollution in Xicheng District of Beijing, and do a good job in making the plan public and in-depth interpretation. According to the "Beijing old motor vehicle elimination and renewal plan", the Xicheng District’s plan to promote the elimination and renewal of old motor vehicles was published, and the work progress was announced regularly. Continue to release air quality monitoring and forecasting information in Xicheng District.

　　Promote the disclosure of social assistance information. Do a good job in interpreting policy documents on urban and rural subsistence allowances, support for destitute people, medical assistance, education aid, heating assistance and temporary assistance. Publicize the situation of residents’ minimum living guarantee families’ enjoyment of security. Make public the information about the low-income object and the destitute personnel, and make public the development of medical assistance and temporary assistance. With the advancement of related work in Beijing, we will explore the disclosure of the number of people and capital expenditures of poor dependents, medical assistance objects and temporary assistance objects in Xicheng District, and explore the disclosure of registration information of charitable organizations.

　　Promote the disclosure of employment and entrepreneurship information. The use of newspapers, the Internet, foreign service hall electronic screen and publicity columns and other publicity platforms, the implementation of joint release of major policies on employment and entrepreneurship. Combined with the municipal and district employment and entrepreneurship policies, we have taken various forms to increase policy training for streets, employers, especially unemployed people. Make full use of foreign websites, electronic display screens in service halls and other media to publicize employment policies and release recruitment information. A district-level full employment management platform system has been developed, which can update the employment information of unemployed people and implement assistance service information in real time, and realize the tracking service and dynamic management at the district, street and residence levels.

　　Promote the transformation of shanty towns and the disclosure of information on affordable housing. In terms of shantytown renovation, Xicheng District Guangyuan shed renovation project implemented "three publicity to households", that is, the results of household survey were publicized to households, the compensation plan (pre-division plan) was publicized to households, and the compensation results were publicized to households. The headquarters set up an electronic information inquiry system, covering key issues such as investigation and registration, housing management, evaluation management, and contract management. After the signing period, residents applied and followed the procedures. On the premise of not affecting the legitimate rights and interests of others, residents can inquire about all matters related to expropriation according to the inquiry conditions, including the compensation results of other expropriated people in the project, so as to realize the information, refinement and transparent management of expropriation compensation. In the aspect of information disclosure of affordable housing, according to the relevant regulations on information disclosure of housing security, the information about the application publicity, intention registration, lottery results, rent allocation and distribution of affordable housing was disclosed in the column of information disclosure of affordable housing on Xicheng government website.

　　Promote the disclosure of educational information. Gradually open compulsory education enrollment information, compulsory education scribing work procedures, contents, results, enrollment methods, enrollment processes, certificate requirements and handling methods for accompanying children. We will continue to deepen the reform of the examination enrollment system, and publicize the information disclosure of the second three-year action plan for preschool education and the reform of education and teaching.

　　Actively promote the information disclosure of medical and health institutions. Forward the Catalogue of Information Disclosure of Nine Types of Medical and Health Institutions, such as Hospitals and Family Planning Technical Service Institutions, formulated by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, and make clear provisions on the scope, catalogue, standards and forms of disclosure, so as to guide medical and health institutions to prepare public service guidelines and increase information disclosure for the society and clients. Further promote the openness of cooperation between Beijing and Hebei medical institutions.

　　(D) promote openness around the government’s own construction.

　　Improve the open system of government meetings. Taking promoting the opening of the meeting as an important starting point for making decisions public, the district government executive meeting invited representatives of citizens, news media, experts and scholars to attend the district government executive meeting for 48 times to enhance the transparency of decision-making; The executive meeting of the district government conducted a "micro-live broadcast" throughout the process, forming an open mode of government meetings with "on-site and off-site representatives offering advice and suggestions, and interactive exchanges between government and people online and offline".

　　Promote the pre-disclosure of major decisions. Establish a pre-disclosure mechanism for major administrative decisions, and submit them to the district government standing committee for deliberation on important reform plans, major policy measures, key projects and other policy measures and documents that involve a wide range, are highly concerned by the society, are closely related to people’s production and life, and need to be widely known by the society. Relevant departments should disclose the draft decision and decision-making basis to the public before making decisions, and announce the collection and adoption of public opinions in an appropriate way. For the decision-making matters with high social concern, such as the Implementation Measures for Subsidies for Home Care Services for the Elderly with Moderate and Severe Disability in Xicheng District, before formal documents are formed, relevant information will be disclosed to the public, public opinions and suggestions will be collected, and the adoption of opinions will be fed back.

　　Carry out a public opinion survey system on major livelihood decision-making matters. Formulate guiding opinions on the mechanism of public opinion project establishment in people’s livelihood work, and build a platform for the implementation of the guarantee mechanism for all public opinion projects, such as the "people’s livelihood work joint meeting mechanism" and the "whole process open mechanism", so as to enhance the intensive, accurate and efficient capacity of public services and protect the rights and interests of residents in all aspects.

　　Promote the disclosure of financial budget and final accounts information. The government’s budget and final accounts have been made public in full-caliber. Both the government’s budget and final accounts have been made public to the lowest "item" level of budget subjects according to their functions, and the "paragraph" level budget of basic expenditure financial allocation has been made public according to economic classification. The amount of new government debt, government procurement and government procurement services and the amount of budget disclosure; The final accounts of the "three public" funds of the department are publicly refined to the number and number of delegations going abroad on business, the number and quantity of official vehicles purchased, the number and number of domestic official receptions, and the total amount of funds. Further clarify the subject, scope, content, form and time limit of the district department’s budget and final accounts. In accordance with the unified deployment and requirements of the Ministry of Finance, our district has established a unified platform for the disclosure of financial budgets and final accounts, and made the government budget and final accounts information and departmental budget and final accounts information centralized and open on the unified platform to facilitate public access and supervision.

　　Third, information disclosure data

　　(a) take the initiative to disclose the situation

　　In 2016, 14,690 pieces of government information were voluntarily disclosed. Take the initiative to disclose 16 normative documents. Disclosure of government information in key areas 2075. Among them, 316 items of financial budget final accounts, "three public funds" and administrative funds were voluntarily disclosed; Take the initiative to disclose 110 pieces of information such as the construction plan of affordable housing projects, the start and completion of projects, and the distribution and withdrawal of affordable housing; Take the initiative to disclose food safety standards, food production and business license, special inspection and rectification and other information 39; Take the initiative to disclose 24 information such as environmental verification and approval, environmental status bulletin and major environmental emergencies; 433 information such as government measures, disposal progress, risk early warning and preventive measures of production safety accidents were voluntarily disclosed; Actively disclose 2 pieces of information such as the audit results of government department budget implementation; Take the initiative to disclose 18 pieces of information such as the audit results of government department budget implementation; 17 pieces of information on the supervision and management of public enterprises and institutions closely related to the interests of the people by administrative organs; Actively disclose 1116 other information and other information decided by the people’s government of the district. To sort out and make public the list of 17 items and 66 items that must be disclosed and the corresponding contents; Sort out the list of 393 key areas and services in 52 categories of departments and streets.

　　The disclosure of government information through different channels and ways, including 22 articles on disclosure of government information in the government gazette; 14029 pieces of government information are published on government websites; 12,405 items of government information disclosure in Weibo; 4055 items of government information disclosed by government WeChat; Other ways to disclose government information 2235.

　　(2) Responding to the interpretation.

　　Responded to public concerns about hot spots or major public opinions 5196 times. Including attending or holding 56 press conferences, of which the main responsible comrades participated in 23 press conferences; There were 5 online interviews on the government website, among which the main responsible comrades participated in 3 online interviews on the government website; 259 policy interpretation manuscripts were released; Weibo WeChat responded to the incident 94 times; Other ways responded to the incident 5341 times. The head of the department walked into the 12341 district government service hotline and answered 90 calls from the people on the government hotline, covering issues of concern to the people such as environment, demolition, shed renovation and house repair.

　　(two) according to the application for disclosure.

　　1. Application status

　　In 2016, our unit received a total of 1466 applications for government information disclosure, a decrease of 122 compared with the previous year.

　　Among them, 765 applications were made in person, accounting for 52.18% of the total, a decrease of 252 compared with the previous year; There were 58 applications submitted through the Internet, accounting for 3.96% of the total, an increase of 36 compared with the previous year; 650 applications were made by letter, accounting for 44.34% of the total, an increase of 84 compared with the previous year.

　　2, the reply

　　Of the 1,445 applications that have been answered:

　　81 cases have been made public voluntarily, accounting for 5.61% of the total.

　　398 cases (27.54% of the total) agreed to be made public, mainly involving information such as government documents.

　　61 "agreed to be partially made public", accounting for 4.22% of the total.

　　43 cases were "not made public", accounting for 2.98% of the total.

　　There were 351 "information does not exist", accounting for 24.29% of the total.

　　280 pieces were "not controlled by the unit", accounting for 19.37% of the total.

　　There were 68 "unclear application contents", accounting for 4.71% of the total.

　　158 pieces of "non-governmental information", accounting for 10.93% of the total.

　　Five pieces have been transferred to the archives, accounting for 0.35% of the total.

　　3. Other issues that need to be explained.

　　From the analysis of the object of application, citizens are the main ones, accounting for 99.45% of all applications. There are 8 applications for government information submitted in the name of organizations, accounting for 0.55% of all applications.

　　(3) Consultation situation

　　In 2016, the unit received a total of 51,911 consultations from citizens, legal persons and other organizations on government information disclosure. Among them, there were 23,933 on-site consultations, accounting for 46.11% of the total; 27,686 telephone consultations, accounting for 53.33% of the total; There were 292 online consultations, accounting for 0.56% of the total.

　　(four) administrative reconsideration, litigation and reporting.

　　In 2016, there were 152 applications for administrative reconsideration for the disclosure of government information in the whole region. The main reason was that 101 specific administrative acts were maintained, 32 cases were corrected according to law, and 19 cases were other circumstances.

　　There are 234 administrative litigation cases against the disclosure of government information in the whole region, the main reason of which is that they refuse to accept the reply of information disclosure. 234 cases were accepted, 160 cases were upheld or rejected, 7 cases were corrected according to law, and 67 cases were under other circumstances.

　　The whole region accepted 0 complaints and reports related to government information disclosure.

　　(5) Institution building and security training.

　　In 2016, the number of specialized agencies for government information disclosure in the whole region was one; Set up 42 public access points for government information; 158 staff engaged in government information disclosure; The whole region held 149 meetings or special conferences on government information disclosure at all levels and types throughout the year; Held 103 training courses of various types; 6891 people were trained.

　　Fourth, the existing shortcomings and improvement measures

　　In 2016, Xicheng District successfully completed its annual target and achieved some results, but there are still some problems and shortcomings. There is still a gap between the information content of voluntary disclosure and the growing demand for information disclosure by the public. The content of voluntary disclosure needs to be further extended and deepened, and the depth and breadth of disclosure still need to be further expanded. The training of government information disclosure needs to be strengthened, and the service ability and service level of government information disclosure staff need to be further improved.

　　In 2017, we will continue to deepen our efforts. The first is to improve the construction of an open platform. Revise and upgrade the government portal website, revise the government website management and information release mechanism, and improve the quality of publicity. Give full play to the advantages of the new media platform and make it the main front for the government to speak out and the people to make suggestions. The second is to disclose the relevant contents of the government affairs list in key areas on time and gradually expand the open field. The third is to strengthen the interaction between the government and the people. Guided by the needs of the masses, we will refine the scope of public participation and improve the public opinion gathering mechanism. Make good use of new media and actively explore new modes of public participation, so that the public can participate in policy formulation, implementation and supervision to a greater extent.

Xicheng District People’s Government of Beijing Municipality

March 2017

　　Schedule:

People in Xicheng District of BeijingStatistical table of government information disclosure

(2016)

　　Beijing, June 6 (Xinhua)-On the 7 th, the national college entrance examination in 2019 will officially kick off, and over 10 million candidates will go to the examination room. Recently, preparations for the college entrance examination have been made at the national and local levels, which not only put forward requirements in the examination room environment and convenient transportation, but also introduced various measures to prevent cheating in the exam.

　　Data Map: On June 7, 2018, the 2018 college entrance examination entered the first day. The picture shows a college entrance examination student taking an injury outside the examination room of Futian Middle School. China News Service reporter Chen Wenshe

　　More than 10 million candidates will go to the examination room tomorrow and the Ministry of Education will ask for strengthening service guarantee.

　　According to the information released by the Ministry of Education, the national college entrance examination in 2019 will be held from June 7 to 8, and some provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) still have exam subjects on the 9th due to different exam subjects. This year, the number of applicants for the national college entrance examination reached 10.31 million (excluding the number of applicants for enrollment expansion in higher vocational colleges).

　　On the 5th, the Ministry of Education issued a message, requiring education administrative departments at all levels and enrollment examination institutions to work with relevant departments to do a good job in examination services based on candidates. Local education departments should coordinate with relevant departments to further strengthen comprehensive protection in noise control, health and epidemic prevention, heatstroke prevention and cooling, and create a secure and comfortable examination environment for candidates.

　　In addition, the Ministry of Education emphasizes that it is necessary to fully prepare for emergencies such as extreme weather, natural disasters and epidemic spread that may occur during the examination period. Local examination institutions should work with local disabled persons’ federations to actively create conditions to provide targeted examination services for disabled candidates. At the same time, this year’s college entrance examination coincides with the Dragon Boat Festival holiday, and all localities should pay more attention to traffic control to facilitate candidates to go to the examination room.

　　In terms of traffic security, a few days ago, the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security also held a video dispatching meeting to deploy traffic security work for the 2019 college entrance examination and the Dragon Boat Festival.

　　According to reports, the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security has issued a traffic safety warning for the Dragon Boat Festival holiday and the college entrance examination, and instructed the public security traffic control departments of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Xi ‘an, Kunming, Chengdu and other cities to jointly launch the "2019 College Entrance Examination Travel Tips" big data analysis report. Through the combination of traffic big data analysis and authoritative research, it provides candidates with pre-judgment contents such as congestion peak hours on the test day, road congestion tips around the test sites and travel suggestions.

　　Guarantee the examination environment: strictly control noise interference in many places

　　In order to ensure the college entrance examination candidates to prepare for the exam with peace of mind, recently, various localities have also introduced measures to create a quiet environment for candidates.

　　For example, the Beijing Municipal People’s Government recently issued a circular on organizing and ensuring the college entrance examination in 2019.

　　The circular pointed out that during the college entrance examination, all projects in Beijing are forbidden to carry out construction operations that produce noise pollution at night; In the construction site within 500 meters around the test center, no construction work that produces noise pollution shall be arranged all day.

　　All construction enterprises should reasonably arrange the progress of the project, formulate and announce the management measures for the prevention and control of noise pollution on the construction site, and actively do a good job in noise reduction and noise reduction. In order to reduce the noise interference to the test center, some bus lines will bypass the bus stops around the test center in different time periods.

　　During the college entrance examination, all kinds of large-scale meetings and activities were strictly controlled in Beijing. The municipal government calls on all sectors of society to minimize sports, entertainment, business promotion and other activities, and try to choose green travel modes to jointly create a good environment for the college entrance examination.

　　In order to control noise disturbing people, Taiyuan Ecological Environment Bureau recently issued the Notice on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Environmental Noise Pollution during the College Entrance Examination to strengthen the supervision of noise.

　　In order to effectively control and reduce environmental noise and ensure the smooth progress of the college entrance examination in Taiyuan, the Taiyuan Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment will organize the comprehensive administrative law enforcement team of ecological environmental protection and various environmental protection sub-bureaus to strengthen the inspection of environmental noise sources.

　　Changsha is clear, in order to ensure the smooth traffic in the city during the college entrance examination, from June 5 to 8, the Changsha public security traffic police department organized police forces to go deep into the test sites and surrounding areas, comprehensively investigate traffic chaos, and work with relevant departments to clean up and rectify the phenomenon of illegal occupation of roads and illegal car business.

　　At the same time, during the college entrance examination, the traffic police department in Changsha will send more police officers on duty on the roads around the school to timely guide the vehicles that are sent to and taken from the test. After the test begins, traffic control will be implemented on the roads around the test center schools, and the ban on motor vehicles will be strictly enforced.

　　Strict examination discipline: all localities make moves to prevent cheating

　　Maintaining examination discipline has always been the top priority of the college entrance examination every year.

　　As early as April, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Enrollment of Colleges and Universities in 2019". The "Notice" proposes to improve the working mechanism of joint defense, joint control and joint management, and focus on special actions such as purifying the network environment involved in the examination, cracking down on the sale of cheating equipment, purifying the surrounding environment of the test center, and cracking down on cheating in the test, so as to comprehensively manage the examination environment.

　　The Notice also emphasizes that it is necessary to strengthen the management of the whole process from the preparation, transportation, storage and distribution to the examination to ensure the absolute safety of the examination papers. Strengthen the daily maintenance and upgrading of standardized test sites, upgrade and improve various technical measures, strictly organize the examination and management of examination rooms, and strengthen the supervision of examination style and discipline.

　　At the local level, for example, Gansu recently proposed to severely crack down on the cheating of teachers and students in school.

　　Gansu Education Examinations Institute requires that all colleges and universities should strictly take time off during the college entrance examination. If it is really necessary to take time off due to special circumstances, the reasons should be checked clearly and registered for future reference. It is necessary to strengthen the legal education of teachers and students, so that the majority of teachers and students can fully understand and understand the harm of participating in the college entrance examination fraud to themselves and society, consciously safeguard the good order of the college entrance examination, and resolutely resist the college entrance examination fraud.

　　The criminal investigation department of Changsha public security organs will focus on the investigation of cases involving "exam-aiding" gangs and fraud gangs involved in exams, and severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as cheating in exams, selling test papers, illegally enrolling students and using the college entrance examination to engage in intermediary fraud.

　　During the examination, Changsha will set up a security team at each test center in accordance with the requirements of "one-point-one-group", equipped with a patrol police car and four patrol police forces to deal with all kinds of emergencies that affect the safety of test centers in time.

　　High-tech means will continue to be used in invigilation this year. For example, a brand-new examination command center will be launched in Qingdao this year, and an intelligent video invigilator system will be used for the first time. Every nine examination rooms will be equipped with a video invigilator to supervise the examination room in all directions.

　　Be careful of these college entrance examination scams and rumors!

　　Every year, on the eve of the college entrance examination, there will always be some old news and news of the college entrance examination that have been repeatedly proved to be false on the Internet, misleading candidates and the public.

　　To this end, on the 5th, the education department, the online information department and the public security organs combed and summarized five college entrance examination scams or rumors, including "You can spend money to buy exam questions and answers", "Looking for candidates who have lost the admission ticket", "The marking teacher only cares about the progress, regardless of right or wrong", "Big data volunteers, charging sky-high consulting fees" and "You can spend money to change the results of the college entrance examination".

　　The three departments stressed that the college entrance examination questions belong to the national top secret materials, and their storage and transportation have strict management measures, and all personnel who contact the examination papers are subject to closed management.

　　The majority of candidates and parents should not be lucky, and do not believe that the so-called college entrance examination questions and answers are obtained in advance. Buying so-called "true college entrance examination questions" and "top secret answers" online are all false information released by scammers. It is illegal to buy classified materials, so don’t try.

　　In addition, the three departments also reminded that online posts claiming to be able to modify college entrance examination scores are purely scams.

　　The so-called hacker intrusion modification score is not technically feasible. Because the online marking of college entrance examination is not on the internet, but on the intranet, there is no possibility of external hacking. Before the candidates’ scores are released, the original data are archived and backed up in different places. After being released through the network, the examination institute will monitor and match the online information, and the websites will set up a strict anti-hacker virus attack system.

General Office of the State Council forwarded to the Ministry of Finance.

Notice on Several Opinions on Comprehensive Agricultural Development

Guo Ban Fa [2002] No.13

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The Ministry of Finance’s "Several Opinions on Comprehensive Agricultural Development" has been approved by the State Council and is hereby forwarded to you, please implement it carefully.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the General Office of the State Council

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　February 11th, 2002

Some opinions on comprehensive agricultural development

(Ministry of Finance, February 7, 2002)

Comprehensive agricultural development is an important means for the state to support agricultural development, an effective measure to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture and improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and an important way to support China’s agriculture to participate in international competition and promote agricultural modernization. In order to sum up the experience of comprehensive agricultural development, adapt to the needs of agricultural development in the new stage and further improve the level of comprehensive agricultural development, the following opinions are put forward on comprehensive agricultural development.

I. Guiding ideology, objectives and tasks of comprehensive agricultural development

(A) the guiding ideology of comprehensive agricultural development. Adapt to the requirements of agricultural development in the new stage, focus on the main agricultural producing areas, focus on strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction, improve agricultural production conditions, improve agricultural comprehensive production capacity and protect agricultural ecological environment; Efforts will be made to promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structures, improve the comprehensive benefits of agriculture and increase farmers’ income.

(2) The objectives and tasks of comprehensive agricultural development. Adhere to the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields as the focus, strengthen the basic construction of farmland water conservancy, build high-quality, high-yield, stable-yield, water-saving and efficient farmland, enhance the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters, and improve the production capacity of basic farmland in China, especially the grain production capacity in major producing areas; Market-oriented, give full play to the comparative advantages of agricultural regions, actively cultivate rural pillar industries, develop industrialized management, promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structure, and comprehensively improve the quality of agricultural products, the degree of organization of agricultural production and the ability of agriculture to resist market risks; Implement comprehensive management of landscape fields and roads, strengthen the construction of farmland forest network, promote the conversion of farmland to forests, increase the support of ecological projects and ecological projects, control soil erosion, effectively improve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of agriculture; Actively promote the revolution of agricultural science and technology, strengthen farmers’ technical training, increase the promotion of new agricultural varieties and technologies, promote the construction of agricultural informatization and standardization of agricultural production, promote the process of agricultural modernization in the project area, and improve the international competitiveness of agriculture.

Two, the comprehensive agricultural development support scope and construction content

(A) the scope of support for comprehensive agricultural development. First, land resources development and management projects, including the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, grassland improvement and reclamation of industrial and mining wasteland, developing water-saving agriculture and ecological agriculture, and building high-quality grain bases and high-quality feed crops bases; Second, a variety of business projects, including planting, aquaculture, storage and transportation of agricultural products, preservation, processing and wholesale market construction; Third, demonstration projects, including high-tech demonstration, comprehensive demonstration of science and technology promotion, and demonstration of agricultural modernization.

(2) Construction contents of comprehensive agricultural development. It mainly includes small reservoirs, dams, irrigation and drainage stations, electromechanical wells, irrigation and drainage canal systems (below 5 flows), soil improvement, tractor roads, farming and animal husbandry machinery, grassland fences, livestock and poultry sheds, aquaculture ponds and equipment, farmland shelterbelts, improvement of agricultural support service system, workshops and equipment for agricultural products processing and production, and wholesale markets for agricultural products producing areas.

Iii. Principles to be followed in comprehensive agricultural development

(1) Highlight key points. Focus on major agricultural producing areas, especially major grain producing areas.

(2) selecting the best project. Give priority to places or projects with superior agricultural resources, great development potential, voluntary development by farmers and strong matching ability of funds, and include them in the scope of support for comprehensive agricultural development.

(3) Comprehensive development. According to local conditions, we will implement comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing, and comprehensively manage landscape fields and roads.

(4) Overall planning. Development zones and projects should be scientifically evaluated and demonstrated, carefully designed and implemented.

(5) contiguous development. Land development should follow the overall land use planning, unified planning according to the river basin or irrigation area, concentrated investment, contiguous development and management, and strive to improve the land output rate and water resources utilization rate. Focus on the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields within the basic farmland protection areas, and protect the transformed cultivated land according to law.

(6) industrialized operation. To develop diversified economy, we should give full play to the advantages of regional resources and comparative advantages, cultivate pillar industries and leading products, focus on supporting "leading" industrialization projects, and improve the level of agricultural industrialization.

(7) Science and technology and system innovation. Relying on the progress of agricultural science and technology, promoting the innovation of agricultural comprehensive development mechanism.

(8) Combination of development and protection. The development of agricultural resources is combined with the protection of agricultural ecological environment.

Fourth, the investment mechanism of comprehensive agricultural development

Farmers are the direct beneficiaries of comprehensive agricultural development. It is necessary to adhere to and improve the investment mechanism of comprehensive agricultural development with "national guidance, supporting investment, private office assistance and rolling development". In addition to the central government’s special arrangements for comprehensive agricultural development funds, local governments at all levels should implement matching funds accordingly, and farmers’ financing and labor investment should comply with relevant policies and regulations. Some financial funds will be paid for, and the repayment responsibility will be implemented according to the principle of "whoever benefits will repay" to ensure timely and full repayment. The recovered financial paid funds will continue to be used for comprehensive agricultural development.

V. Investment policies for comprehensive agricultural development

(1) Finance at all levels should gradually increase investment in comprehensive agricultural development funds. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan and in the future, the growth rate of financial funds for comprehensive agricultural development should be higher than that in the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

(two) the comprehensive factor method is adopted to allocate the central financial funds for comprehensive agricultural development. Where the comprehensive agricultural development potential is great and the development effect is good, the investment of the central government’s comprehensive agricultural development funds will be increased accordingly.

(three) clear the proportion of central financial funds and local financial funds. According to the financial situation of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and cities under separate state planning, the matching proportion of local financial funds is determined (separately stipulated). In principle, areas with good financial conditions should be provided with more facilities, while areas with financial difficulties should be provided with less facilities. The matching funds undertaken by the provincial finance shall not be less than 70% of all matching funds. If the matching funds of local finance are not implemented, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the capital input of the central government in the next year.

(four) to ensure the focus of investment in comprehensive agricultural development. In principle, 70% of the financial funds are used for land management projects and 30% for diversified business projects. According to the different resource conditions of each project area, the investment ratio can be appropriately adjusted.

(5) Increase investment in science and technology. Gradually increase the proportion of scientific and technological investment in financial funds to 10%.

(six) reasonably determine the proportion of financial funds paid and unpaid, and the repayment period of financial paid funds. In principle, the financial funds invested in public welfare shall be used for free, and the financial funds invested in non-public welfare shall be used for compensation. Effectively strengthen the management of financial paid funds to prevent the formation of debt risks.

(seven) multi-level and multi-channel financing for development. By arranging loan discount funds, we will guide banks to increase investment in agricultural comprehensive development loans. Actively explore open development, commercial development and joint-stock development, attract all kinds of social investment and foreign investment, and increase investment in comprehensive agricultural development.

Six, comprehensive agricultural development projects and fund management

(A) the organic combination of project and fund management. Determine the project scale with capital investment, and manage the funds according to the project.

(2) The project shall be organized in a unified way and managed at different levels. Agricultural comprehensive development projects should be declared step by step from the bottom up, and the national agricultural comprehensive development office (or authorized provincial agricultural comprehensive development office) will organize the evaluation, examination and approval.

(3) Improve the project supervision and management system. Strengthen scientific project establishment in the early stage, supervision and inspection in the middle stage, project acceptance and monitoring and evaluation in the later stage. We will fully implement the expert evaluation system, the project legal person system, the bidding system and the project supervision system.

(4) Strengthen the operation and management of the project. For completed projects, agricultural comprehensive development offices should be responsible for clarifying the ownership of property rights, implementing the main body of management and protection, and establishing the necessary operation management system to ensure the normal operation of the project.

(five) establish and improve the fund management and supervision system. Agricultural comprehensive development funds shall be managed by special personnel, accounted for in special accounts and earmarked for special purposes. We will fully implement the county-level reimbursement system for financial unpaid funds, the entrusted bank lending system for financial paid funds and the announcement (publicity) system for project funds. Strengthen financial inspection and audit supervision, and prohibit misappropriation of funds for comprehensive agricultural development; Those who violate the regulations should be corrected and severely punished.

(six) improve the management level of projects and funds. Establish and improve the management responsibility system combining power and responsibility and reward the excellent and punish the poor, and constantly improve the management level of comprehensive agricultural development.

Seven, the organization and leadership of comprehensive agricultural development work

Local people’s governments at all levels should earnestly strengthen their leadership over the work of comprehensive agricultural development and put this work in an important position in the whole agricultural and rural economic work. Strengthen and enrich the offices for comprehensive agricultural development. Agricultural comprehensive development offices should make plans, do a good job in comprehensive coordination, guide the preferred options, and guide and manage the implementation of agricultural comprehensive development projects. All relevant departments should support each other, cooperate closely, form a joint force and creatively do a good job in comprehensive agricultural development in the new stage.

This opinion shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Other measures or regulations for the management of comprehensive agricultural development are inconsistent with this opinion, and this opinion shall prevail.